大孔吸附树脂分离纯化苦荞麦苗总黄酮的研究

[目的]为苦荞麦苗总黄酮类产品的开发和研究提供参考.[方法]研究了大孔吸附树脂分离纯化苦荞麦苗总黄酮的工艺条件.[结果]最佳工艺条件为:上样液的质量浓度为3.0 g/L,上样速率为3 BV/h,洗脱剂为80%乙醇,洗脱速率为3 BV/h,洗脱剂用量为4BV,按此工艺条件纯化后的苦荞麦苗总黄酮纯度达77.34%.[结论]AB-8型大孔吸附树脂对苦荞麦苗总黄酮有较好的吸附和解吸效果.     

党参总皂苷的提取·分离和纯化

[目的]优化党参皂苷的提取工艺,并对皂苷进行纯化.[方法]用正交试验优化党参皂苷的提取工艺,通过考察大孔树脂类型、洗脱液pH值对党参皂苷纯度的影响,优化皂苷的纯化方法.[结果]党参皂苷提取的最佳工艺为:提取时间为36 h,提取温度为45 ℃,料液比为1:6;D101大孔吸附树脂为党参皂苷吸附的最佳树脂,洗脱液pH值为9左右时,得到的皂苷浓度最高.[结论]该试验得到了较高纯度的党参皂苷,为获得高纯度党参皂苷提供了保证.     

超声波辅助提取络石藤总黄酮的工艺研究

[目的]优化超声波辅助提取络石藤中总黄酮的工艺.[方法]以总黄酮含量为考察指标,采用正交试验设计研究超声波辅助提取络石藤总黄酮的最佳工艺条件.[结果]最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度60%、反应温度70 ℃、超声时间30 min、料液比1:15;在此条件下,总黄酮的提取率为3.22%.[结论]优化后的工艺简便可行,可为络石藤总黄酮提取纯化工艺的产业化提供理论依据.     

大孔树脂对木瓜鞣质的吸附及解吸附性能研究

[目的]筛选出一种大孔树脂,并研究其对皱皮木瓜鞣质的吸附和解吸附性能,从而确定大孔树脂分离纯化皱皮木瓜鞣质的最优工艺条件.[方法]通过静态吸附试验从5种大孔树脂中筛选最佳树脂,并通过单因素和正交试验确定该树脂在静态和动态试验中对皱皮木瓜鞣质的最优吸附和解吸附条件.[结果]HPD-100树脂对木瓜鞣质的吸附量最大,其吸附最佳条件为:洗脱液pH值5.0,静态吸附4 h:动态吸附流速为2.0 BV/h,吸附体积达到6.0 BV时为吸附终点,最优条件下的吸附率为87.90%.静态解吸附最佳条件:洗脱液pH值为6.0,洗脱时间为6 h,洗脱乙醇浓度为75%;动态解吸附流速为1.0 BV/h,解吸附体积达到1.6 BV时为解吸附终点,最佳条件下的解吸附率为62.40%.[结论]HPD-100大孔吸附树脂对木瓜鞣质具有良好的富集作用,适于皱皮木瓜鞣质的分离纯化.     

木瓜多糖的提取、纯化与鉴定

[目的]确定木瓜中多糖最佳提取条件及鉴定方法,为木瓜的深入综合利用提供依据.[方法]采用水提醇沉法从木瓜中提取水溶性粗多糖,通过正炙试验确定了最佳提取条件.[结果]确定木瓜多糖的最佳提取工艺为:提取温度90℃,提取时间2.5 h,料液比1:50,在此条件下进过3次提取所得木瓜粗多糖的平均提取率为8.61%.纯化后木瓜多糖平均收率为6.97%.经过分离纯化后,IR光谱鉴定其结构基团,并鉴定了蛋白质、多酚、淀粉等物质.[结论]采用水提醇沉法提取的木瓜多糖中不含蛋白、淀粉、多酚等杂质,产率高,值得推广.     

银杏叶黄酮提取工艺的优化

[目的]优化银杏叶总黄酮的提取工艺,为银杏黄酮的精制提供前提条件.[方法]采用紫外分光光度法测定银杏叶中总黄酮的含量;用单因素试验考察乙醇浓度、回流温度、提取时间对银杏黄酮收率的影响,优化提取条件.[结果]银杏叶中总黄酮含量为1.502 6mg/ml;最佳提取条件:70%乙醇为提取剂,回流温度为80℃,提取时间为3.0 h.[结论]该研究得到银杏黄酮最佳的提取工艺,为银杏叶黄酮的精制提供了前提条件.     

木瓜中熊果酸提取工艺的优化及含量测定

[目的]优化黔北产木瓜(FRUCTUS CHAENOMELIS)熊果酸的提取工艺,并测定熊果酸含量,为木瓜的开发利用及质量控制提供科学依据.[方法]采用正交试验优化木瓜熊果酸的提取工艺,用HPLC 法测定熊果酸含量.[结果]木瓜熊果酸的最佳提取工艺为:提取时间30 min.无水乙醇用量为25.0 ml,乙醇浓度为100%,在最佳条件下提取的熊果酸含量为0.324%.熊果酸在0.650～3.250μg/ml范围内,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 1),熊果酸平均回收率为99.20%,RSD值为0.30%.[结论]优选的提取工艺稳定可行,HPLC 法简便、灵敏、准确,该研究为木瓜的开发利用及质量控制提供了科学依据.     

微波-超声波协同作用提取熊果酸的工艺研究

[目的]研究微波-超声波协同作用从苦丁茶中提取熊果酸的提取工艺.[方法]采用单因素试验确定各因素对提取工艺的影响,并将微波-超声波协同作用与单纯的微波或超声波作用提取结果进行比较.[结果]微波-超声波协同作用提取熊果酸的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数95%、固液比(M:V,g/ml)1:10、提取温度70 ℃、提取时间240 s.在该最佳工艺条件下,3次试验的平均提取率为98.97%,高于单纯的微波法和超声波法辅助提取的提取率56.79%和14.75%.[结论]微波-超声波协同作用比单纯的微波或超声波作用从苦丁茶中提取熊果酸的提取率更高.     

正交试验法优化细叶黄皮叶中叶绿素的提取工艺

[目的]优化细叶黄皮叶(Clausena anisum-olens)中叶绿素的提取方法,为细叶黄皮叶中叶绿素的分离纯化奠定基础.[方法]在单因素试验的基础上,采用L<,9>(3<'4>)正交设计法优化细叶黄皮叶中叶绿素的提取工艺.[结果]微波萃取细叶黄皮叶中叶绿素的最佳工艺条件为:提取剂95%乙醇,料液比1:10,温度70℃,功率为350 W,提取时间7 min.[结论]该试验优化的提取工艺简便、高效,为细叶黄皮叶中叶绿素的开发利用奠定了基础.     

大孔吸附树脂纯化甘草黄酮类化合物的研究

[目的]探讨大孔吸附树脂对甘草(RADIX RHIZOMA GLYCYRRHIZAE)黄酮的纯化条件.[方法]采用5种大孔吸附树脂ADS-7、D101、HPD-300、HPD-910和AB-8吸附甘草黄酮类化合物,并考察了样品浓度,洗脱剂乙醇浓度,洗脱剂乙醇体积等影响吸附性能的因素.[结果]ADS-7型大孔吸附树脂对甘草黄酮类化合物有较大的吸附率和洗脱率,其用于纯化甘草黄酮的最佳上样浓度是1.2 mg/ml,洗脱剂为5BV体积分数为0.70的乙醇,纯化后的黄酮粉黄酮含量47.1%,精制率211.2%.[结论]ADS-7树脂对黄酮类化合物有较好的吸附纯化作用,可为甘草黄酮的纯化提供参考依据.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.