连铸过程铸坯应变对碳氮化铌析出行为的影响

通过应变诱导析出模型分析了连铸过程铸坯应变对碳氮化铌析出的影响,结果表明:拉速的改变对碳氮化铌的最快析出时间具有一定的影响,在同样的应变及应变温度下,拉速越快碳氮化铌最快析出时间越短;在连铸过程的矫直段及弯曲段,由于铸坯应变及应变速率较小,在研究连铸过程碳氮化铌析出行为时铸坯应变对碳氮化铌析出行为的影响可以忽略.     

微合金化钢连铸坯角部横裂纹形成机制

为研究微合金钢连铸坯角部横裂纹缺陷形成机制问题,从理论上研究了连铸过程第二相粒子的析出行为,并在板坯连铸生产中进行"卧坯"试验。研究结果表明:X65管线钢中碳氮化钛、碳氮化铌、氮化铝的开始析出温度分别为1 508、1 123、1 165℃,析出峰值温度分别为1 360、870和840℃;"卧坯"试验发现结晶器内及垂直段无裂纹,在距弯月面3 270mm处,即对应于弯曲开始后710mm开始出现多处外弧横裂纹,而弧形段内无内弧裂纹,在弯曲段铸坯角部温度处于钢的第Ⅲ脆性区,同时外弧受拉应力,这是造成外弧角横裂产生的主要原因。     

高铌X80管线钢连铸过程中微合金元素的析出行为

运用TEM和EDS等测试方法,对高铌X80管线钢连铸过程微合金元素的析出行为进行研究.结果表明:铸坯凝固冷却至1100℃时,存在片层状以及棒状析出物,此类析出物为Nb(C,N)碳氮化物,同时存在一些TiN析出物.当铸坯冷却至900℃时,开始出现中心富钛、边部富铌的(Nb,Ti)(C,N)星形和枝晶形碳氮化物.当铸坯冷却...     

石油套管用钢J55翘皮缺陷浅析

介绍了唐钢1 580生产线生产石油套管用钢J55的工艺流程、产品成分性能及钢卷表面出现翘皮缺陷的现象。对连铸坯质量、粗轧立辊轧制力、热卷箱模式等因素进行了试验分析,认为J55出现翘皮缺陷是由于连铸坯表面存在角裂纹,在经粗轧立辊轧制后进一步加重产生的。而连铸坯角裂缺陷的产生与连铸拉速的波动及铌的碳氮化物在奥氏体晶界析出有关。提出了加强对二冷喷嘴的检查维护力度,保证铸坯宽度方向温度均匀分布;提高铸坯矫直前温度和钢中钛含量的改进措施。     

82B硬线钢碳硫偏析的影响因素及合理工艺参数研究

以现场试验和实验室分析相结合的方法,对不同连铸工艺条件下生产的82B铸坯的碳硫偏析行为进行了系统研究。结果表明:过热度、拉速和末搅拌三个影响铸坯偏析的因素所起的作用随铸坯内部位置和偏析元素种类的不同而不同。针对中心碳硫偏析,拉速的影响大于其它两个因素。在拉速提高的情况下,适当增加二冷强度可以有效地减轻铸坯的碳硫偏析特别是中心部位的碳硫偏析。中间包的水力学模拟表明适宜的拉速为1.8 m/min。     

连铸坯裂纹主要影响因素及对策研究

文章从钢的凝固行为、高温力学性能、作用在连铸坯上的各种应力、应变、化学成分以及微合金元素析出行为等角度出发,总结分析了各主要因素对连铸坯产生裂纹的影响,对铸坯裂纹的形成条件、机理进行了综述和总结,探讨性地提出了防止连铸坯产生裂纹的对策方向.     

连铸工艺参数对45#、70#钢铸坯冶金效果影响的探讨

通过对45#、70#钢铸坯低倍组织情况的分析以及连铸工艺参数的总结，探讨出钢水过热度、拉速、塞棒自动控制、二冷配水及电磁搅拌等连铸工艺参数对铸坯低倍组织的影响。通过对45#、70#钢中心碳偏析分析，表明随着钢中碳含量升高，连铸拉速、钢水过热度的增加，铸坯中心碳偏析有增大趋势。     

连铸工艺参数对高碳连铸坯成分偏析的影响

高碳钢连铸坯的质量受拉速、二冷比水量、钢水过热度的影响较大。本文以SWRH382B预应力钢铸坯为研究对象,研究了拉速、二冷比水量、钢水过热度三个连铸参数对铸坯中心碳偏析的影响,从而得出了最佳的连铸工艺。     

连铸工艺参数对高碳连铸坯成分偏析的影响

高碳钢连铸坯的质量受拉速、二冷比水量、钢水过热度的影响较大。本文以SWRH382B预应力钢铸坯为研究对象,研究了拉速、二冷比水量、钢水过热度三个连铸参数对铸坯中心碳偏析的影响,从而得出了最佳的连铸工艺。     

首秦公司特厚板坯表面横裂纹的形成机制

 分析了板坯厚度、钢液碳含量、铌含量、拉速、动态配水模型和3D喷淋技术对400mm特厚板坯表面横裂纹的影响。研究表明,由于动态二次冷却模型存在缺陷,使得特厚板坯在低拉速浇铸时,受二冷区最小水量的限制,在矫直力和热应力的综合作用下,坯壳承受的总应变超过了其临界应变值,在距离铸坯角部150~500mm的振痕波谷处,最终形成沿晶界开裂的表面横裂纹。     

连铸TP347H钢坯中Nb的偏析现象分析

采用连铸工艺生产的TP347H钢坯存在Nb偏析现象,偏析严重时,经热连轧后的管坯在斜轧穿孔时易产生内壁开裂,导致钢管成材率和综合性能降低。针对偏析现象,通过热力学计算和试验相结合的方法研究含Nb析出相的析出行为,分析影响连铸钢坯Nb偏析的主要因素和一次MX相(碳氮化铌)析出物的特征。结果表明,采用连铸工艺生产的TP347H钢成分优化应以C、Nb元素含量为主;连铸TP347H钢坯Nb的偏析现象存在于钢坯中心区域,导致了钢坯边缘与中心区域的一次MX相析出物形貌、尺寸的差别。     

Investigation on the strengthening mechanism of S30432 austenitic heat-resistant steel

From the viewpoint of energy-saving and environment protection,it is necessary to develop Ultra Super Critical（USC） fossil-fired power plants.In order to ensure the reliable operation of power plants under high steam conditions,good mechanical properties（particularly high creep strength）,corrosion resistance and fabricability are generally required for the heat resistant steels used in USC boilers.Among these heat-resistant steels,S30432 austenitic heat-resistant steels are of interest due to high creep strength,excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance at temperatures up to 650 -700℃.In this paper,the strengthening mechanism of S30432 austenitic heat-resistant steel was investigated based on the precipitation behavior of S30432 during aging and creep at 650℃.Results show that the microstructure of as-supplied S30432 steel is austenite,the main precipitation consists of only Nb（C,N）.After aged for 10 000 h or crept for 10 712 h,there is a slight increase in the size of fine Nb（C,N）,but the transformation from Nb（C,N） to NbCrN does not occur.Aging and creep results in the precipitation ofε-Cu and M₂₃C₆.The coarsening velocity ofε-Cu particles diminishes greatly and they are still very fine in the long-term creep range.With the increase of aging and creep time M₂₃C₆ carbides tend to coarsen gradually.The size of M₂₃C₆ is larger and the coarsening is easier in contrast toε-Cu and Nb（C,N）.Nb（C,N） precipitates in the as-supplied microstructure,while aging and creep result in the precipitation ofε-Cu and M₂₃C₆.High creep rupture strength of S30432 steel is attributed to the precipitation hardening ofε-Cu,Nb（C,N） and M₂₃C₆.Extremely,ε-Cu plays an important role in improving the creep rupture strength of S30432,and at least 61%of the creep rupture strength of S30432 at 650℃results from the precipitation hardening ofε-Cu particles.     

碳氮化物析出模型在Nb微合金船板钢连铸工艺中的应用

针对含铌微合金钢(D36船板钢,%:0.12～0.16C、0.25～0.45Si、1.25～1.45Mn、≤0.020P、≤0.010S、0.015～0.040Als、0.015～0.025Nb、≤0.009 0N)连铸过程裂纹敏感性大的问题,建立了Nb(C,N)和A1N在奥氏体中的析出模型,以分析板坯在850～1150℃矫直时Nb(C,N)和AlN析出对铸坯热塑性的影响。结果表明,含铌微合金钢中碳氮化物的析出方式主要是晶界和位错线形核,在950℃时Nb(C,N)的综合析出速度和AlN在晶界上的析出速度最大。因此,含铌微合金钢的矫直温度应大于950℃。     

Formation and Thermal Stability of Large Precipitates and Oxides in Titanium and Niobium Microalloyed Steel

As-cast CC slabs of microalloyed steels are prone to surface and sub-surface cracking. Precipitation phenomena initiated during solidification reduce ductility at high temperature. The unidirectional solidification unit is employed to simulate the solidification process during continuous casting. Precipitation behavior and thermal stability are systematically investigated. Samples of adding titanium and niobium to steels have been examined using field emission scanning electron microscope （FE-SEM）, electron probe X-ray microanalyzer （EPMA）, and transmission electron microscope （TEM）. It has been found that the addition of titanium and niobium to high-strength low-alloyed （HSLA） steel resulted in undesirable large precipitation in the steels, i. e. , precipitation of large precipitates with various morphologies. The composition of the large precipitates has been determined, The effect of cooling rate on （Ti, Nb）（C, N） precipitate formation is investigated. With increasing the cooling rate, titanium-rich （Ti,Nb）（C,N） precipitates are transformed to niobium-rich （Ti,Nb）（C,N） precipitates. The thermal stability of these large precipitates and oxides have been assessed by carrying out various heat treatments such as holding and quenching from temperature at 800 and 1 200℃. It has been found that titanium-rich （Ti,Nb）（C,N） precipitate is stable at about 1 200 ℃ and niobium-rich （Ti,Nb）（C,N） precipitate is stable at about 800 ℃. After reheating at 1 200℃ for 1 h, （Ca,Mn）S and TiN are precipitated from Ca-Al oxide. However, during reheating at 800 ℃ for l h, Ca-Al-Ti oxide in specimens was stable. The thermodynamic calculation of simulating the thermal process is employed. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

高强抗震钢筋中铌的碳、氮化物析出热力学研究

摘要：连铸过程中铌的氮化物、碳化物和碳氮化物在奥氏体晶界的析出对铸坯的质量产生严重的影响。分析了500MPa级高强度抗震钢筋(HRB500E)中铌的氮化物、碳化物和碳氮化物在液相、凝固过程以及奥氏体相等不同阶段的析出热力学，计算了不同温度下NbN和NbC的平衡/实际浓度积，得到NbN和NbC在微合金钢连铸过程中的析出规律。计算结果表明：在HRB500E钢中，NbN、NbC在钢液成分均质状态和凝固过程中难以析出；在奥氏体相中，随着温度的降低，NbC、NbN及NbC0.85N0.15具备析出热力学条件，析出温度分别为1377、1229 和1378K，析出顺序依次为：NbC0.85N0.15、NbC、NbN。     

热连轧E36船板钢连续冷却相变行为

通过热模拟试验机模拟了20 mm E36船板钢(%:0.15C、0.38Si、1.56Mn、0.011P、0.002S、0.04Nb、0.06V、0.02Ti、0.037Als)经1 080℃和830～890℃分别以变形速率1 s^-1变形30%的双道次轧制及冷却过程,测得连续冷却转变曲线,并研究终轧温度和轧后冷却速度(5～25℃/s)对该钢相变和组织的影响。结果表明,随着冷却速度的增加,相变开始温度降低,珠光体的体积分数减小,贝氏体的体积分数增大;随着终轧温度的降低,相变开始温度升高;铁素体晶粒随冷却速度的增加和终轧温度的降低而细化。     

板坯连铸异钢种连浇混浇坯长度及成分变化模型的开发及应用

基于建立的连铸中间包及结晶器内钢液混合过程的物理模型,开发了板坯连铸异钢种连浇过程混浇坯长度及成分变化模型。以某钢厂单流板坯连铸机220 mm×1560 mm断面Q235与Q335Ti钢的混浇过程为研究对象,采用水模型试验结合数值模拟确定模型的关键参数,并通过开展现场试验对混浇坯取样验证模型的准确性。结果证明:混浇坯成分取样与模型预测的成分偏差小于5%,且模型预测的混浇坯长度与人工确定的一致。故采用该模型可跟踪不同混浇工况下中间包内及铸流上钢液的混合行为,准确预测混浇坯的长度以及成分变化规律。采用该模型研究了拉速及中间包内剩余钢液质量对混交坯长度及不同浇注长度铸坯C元素质量分数变化的影响规律。发现当拉速保持不变时,中间包内剩余钢液越多,混浇坯越长;当中间包内剩余钢液质量保持不变时,拉速越大混浇坯越短。相比而言,中间包内剩余钢液质量比拉速对混浇坯长度的影响更大。另外当拉速不变时,随着中间包内剩余钢液质量的增加,C元素质量分数由0.16%变化到0.18%的速率减慢;当中间包内剩余钢液质量不变时,随着拉速的增加,C元素质量分数由0.16%变化到0.18%的速率增加。因此异钢种连浇过程,适当提高拉速以及减少中间包内剩余钢液质量,可有效减少混浇坯长度,成分变化速率降低。      

连铸板坯轻压下过程压下率参数的理论分析

通过分析连铸板坯的轻压下过程,提出了铸坯压下率的理论模型,考察了不同拉速、不同铸坯断面下板坯压下率的变化规律.结果表明,压下率与压下速率沿拉坯方向呈近似线性减少关系;压下速率的取值不受拉速影响;压下率与铸坯厚度呈线性减少关系,厚度每增加10%,压下率减小10%;铸坯宽度对压下率的影响很小;压下总量不随拉速的变化而变化.     

Modeling of Strain-Induced Precipitation Kinetics and Evolution of Austenite Grains in Nb Microalloyed Steels

Considering the effect of strain and chemical composition onprecipitation behavior, new models for the start and end time of Nb（C,N） precipitation in austenite under the conditions of different temperatures and strains have been investigated for Nb microalloyed steel. The value of n in the precipitation kinetic equation has been determined by using the available experimental data in literature, which indicated that n is a constant and independent of temperature. The values of the start and end time of the predicted precipitation are compared with the experimental values. Calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Also, the evolution of austenite grains before ferrite transformation is simulated by taking the effect of precipitation into consideration. The measured austenite grain size is in good agreement with predicted one prior to ferrite transformation.     

Modeling of StrainInduced Precipitation Kinetics and Evolution of Austenite Grains in Nb Microalloyed Steels

Considering the effect of strain and chemical composition on precipitation behavior, new models for the start and end time of Nb(C,N) precipitation in austenite under the conditions of different temperatures and strains have been investigated for Nb microalloyed steel. The value of n in the precipitation kinetic equation has been determined by using the available experimental data in literature, which indicated that n is a constant and independent of temperature. The values of the start and end time of the predicted precipitation are compared with the experimental values. Calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Also, the evolution of austenite grains before ferrite transformation is simulated by taking the effect of precipitation into consideration. The measured austenite grain size is in good agreement with predicted one prior to ferrite transformation.