钢液连铸二次冷却先进工艺模型的发展与研究

 钢液连铸二次冷却的效果直接影响连铸坯质量,为了合理地控制二次冷却过程,多种静态和动态控制工艺模型被提出。系统综述了目前二冷静态和动态控制工艺模型的发展,包括二冷区各回路水量与拉速呈一次线性或二次曲线关系的二冷控制工艺模型、基于修正有效拉速的二冷动态控制工艺模型和基于在线传热计算的二冷动态控制工艺模型等,以及基于钢液过热度和二冷进水温度的二冷控制先进工艺模型和基于在线温度测量反馈调节各回路水量的二冷动态控制工艺模型。随着二冷控制工艺模型的发展,其控制的实时性、可靠性、准确性以及运行的稳定性也逐渐提高,从而为高质量铸坯生产及智能化二冷控制奠定了基础。     

板坯连铸二冷模拟与仿真

以普瑞特二冷模型为平台,对C001钢生产过程二冷区进行模拟仿真,计算此钢种在二冷区不同位置的温度及凝固冷却过程中坯壳的变化情况,用于指导工艺生产。     

基于瞬态传热数学模型的板坯连铸二冷设计

以超高强度钢(UHSS)为对象,研究板坯连铸二冷设计。首先,基于凝固传热学基本理论,建立了二维板坯瞬态传热数学模型;其次,根据高温塑性实验曲线,结合二冷区冶金原则,确定二冷区各段终点的表面目标温度;最后,根据制定的铸坯表面目标温度,采用增量型PID算法调整二冷区各回路的水量。     

连铸二冷技术交流会

连铸二冷技术交流会于 2 0 0 2年 5月 30日至 6月 2日在南京钢铁集团公司召开。此次会议由中国金属学会连铸分会和南京钢铁集团公司主办。来自全国 86个连铸生产企业、设计研究院所和连铸相关技术单位的 15 1名代表参加了会议。会议共收到论文 35篇 ,交流讨论了二冷优化技术、二冷温度场、二冷数模研究、二冷应力场仿真、二冷自动配水系统、二冷喷嘴设计和布置、二冷动态控制及气雾喷嘴系统设计、二冷系统特征及对铸坯质量的影响等。代表们分析讨论了各个单位二冷技术的一些具体问题 ,了解了国内外在二冷区的有关新技术动态 ,认为抓铸坯质量…     

采用控轧控冷工艺试制X100管线钢的研究

在实验室采用控轧控冷工艺轧制X100管线钢,并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等研究了其力学性能、显微组织、EBSD及析出物,实验结果表明,采用控轧控冷两阶段轧制工艺,在终轧温度为806 ℃,终冷温度在415 ℃,冷却速度为18.6 ℃/s时,实验钢综合性能较终冷温度为491 ℃时良好。经EBSD分析该实验钢大角度晶界百分比含量达78.8%,透射电镜下观察该实验钢析出物随尺寸增大形状规则化,且随尺寸增大,Nb/Ti降低。     

二次冷却对帘线钢方坯液芯长度与等轴晶率影响的模拟研究

为解决帘线钢连铸方坯中心碳偏析问题,展开二次冷却对凝固过程液芯长度与等轴晶率影响的模拟研究。利用CAFE法构建模型,并利用射钉试验、表面温度与凝固组织构成进行验证;分别研究了比水量、二冷一区与二冷二区对液芯长度与等轴晶率的影响。对液芯长度与等轴晶率而言,二冷一区比二冷二区的影响能力强。     

连铸工艺参数对SWRH82B钢160 mm×160 mm坯中心碳偏析的影响

试验研究了结晶器电磁搅拌频率、拉速、过热度及二冷强度对SWRH82B连铸小方坯中心碳偏析的影响。研究结果表明,结晶器搅拌电流为300 A时,低电磁搅拌频率下铸坯中心碳偏析情况较好;拉速为1.8 m/min时,提高二冷比水量有利于改善中心碳偏析,但二冷比水量过高会加剧偏析;拉速为1.8 m/min时,二冷比水量为0.75 L/kg较为合适,拉速为1.9 m/min时,二冷比水量为0.8 L/kg是比较合适的;当过热度在20～30℃时,过热度对铸坯中心碳偏析的影响不大。     

连铸工艺参数对SWRH82B钢160 mm x 160 mm坯中心碳偏析的影响

试验研究了结晶器电磁搅拌频率、拉速、过热度及二冷强度对SWRH82B连铸小方坯中心碳偏析的影响。研究结果表明,结晶器搅拌电流为300 A时,低电磁搅拌频率下铸坯中心碳偏析情况较好;拉速为1.8 m/min时,提高二冷比水量有利于改善中心碳偏析,但二冷比水量过高会加剧偏析;拉速为1.8 m/min时,二冷比水量为0.75 L/kg较为合适,拉速为1.9 m/min时,二冷比水量为0.8 L/kg是比较合适的;当过热度在20～30℃时,过热度对铸坯中心碳偏析的影响不大。     

凝固模型在方坯连铸二冷改造中的应用

根据连铸坯凝固传热的特点，在电炉厂小方坯的连铸机二冷改造过程中，建立了二维的传热模型。对改造前后的系统进行分析，为二冷系统的改造提供了理论依据，进而实现二冷三段和四段汽雾改造。     

方坯连铸高效化的二次冷却技术

建立了方坯高效连铸二冷数学模型,提出了喷嘴有效喷淋系数和二冷有效比水量的概念.依据二冷均匀冷却的思想,重新设计并优化了二冷喷淋结构和喷嘴的布置,增加了一个二冷喷淋段.提出了新的二冷水模型,即Qi=α+bv+cv2+d(△T-30)+F;二冷各段的喷水量与拉速、浇铸温度、钢水成分和二冷水温相关.实践证明,经优化后的二冷结构和二冷水模型合理,拉速大幅度提高,150mm×150mm断面的最高拉速达3.8～4.0m/min;铸坯质量明显改善;产量显著提高;经济效益非常显著.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.