LF精炼渣成分对帘线钢中铝含量的影响

 根据冶金熔体的共存理论,计算了CaO-MgO-MnO-FeO-SiO2-Al2O3六元渣系各组元的作用浓度。结合生产实际数据,建立了LF精炼过程中精炼渣成分和w［Al］之间氧化还原反应的数学模型,计算了精炼渣成分对w［Al］的影响。结果表明,LF精炼过程中w［Al］受w［Si］、w(FeO)联合控制。低碱度、低Al2O3含量的精炼渣对控制w［Al］有利,如果精炼渣碱度控制在0. 9,Al2O3含量(质量分数,下同)控制在3%以下,则可以将w［Al］控制在6×10-6以下。适当提高FeO含量有利于降低w［Al］。     

X52MS管线钢纯净度的控制

文章介绍了采用铁水脱硫预处理、复吹转炉、LF和RH双联精炼、板坯连铸工艺试制开发X52MS管线钢的过程。LF使用Ca O-Al2O3-Ca F2-Si O2-Mg O渣系,平均渣量控制在10kg/t,平均脱硫率达到82.4%,最高脱硫率为89.6%,熔炼成品钢水终点硫质量分数小于15×10-6,[C]≤0.055%,[N]≤0.0040%,T[O]≤20×10-6,[H]≤1.5×10-6,提高钢水纯净度的同时缩短了LF精炼时间。     

ER70S-6焊丝钢LF脱氧与夹杂物控制

通过热力学计算和工厂试验研究了ER70S-6钢LF精炼过程中钢水脱氧和夹杂物的控制。用扫描电镜和能谱仪(SEM/EDS)分析了钢水中夹杂物的形貌、成分和尺寸。计算结果表明:Si-Mn合金脱氧后,钢水中的溶解氧质量分数在40×10-6以上;通过控制钢包渣的成分可将钢水中的溶解氧质量分数降到10×10-6以下。试验结果表明:在精炼过程中钢水中大于20μm的夹杂物比例从22.3%降到6.1%;精炼结束后钢水中的夹杂物主要为球形的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MnO-Ti2O3夹杂物,89.8%的夹杂物熔点都小于1 600℃。生产数据显示:成品中w(T.O)平均为24.5×10-6,满足下游客户的要求。     

LF精炼渣碱度变化对304不锈钢夹杂物成分的影响

采用氧氮分析仪、扫描电镜、金相显微镜等分析手段,系统研究LF精炼渣系对304系不锈钢全氧质量分数wT[O]、夹杂物数量、尺寸及成分的影响。研究结果表明,当LF精炼渣碱度由1.5升高至2.6时,LF出站溶解氧质量分数w[O]由11.6×10~(-6)降低至4.8×10~(-6),铸坯wT[O]由47×10~(-6)降低至24×10~(-6),铸坯夹杂物总数量降低,但当量直径不大于10μm的夹杂物所占比率由77.7%增加至95.1%。热力学计算结果表明:在钢液中各元素达到平衡状态时,渣系碱度越高,低熔点夹杂物2MgO·2Al_2O_3·5SiO_2生成区域越小,MgO·Al_2O_3尖晶石类夹杂物生成区域越大,与生产试验结果一致。随着LF炉渣碱度升高,铸坯夹杂物成分中MgO和Al_2O_3的质量分数分别升高了14.4%和9.1%,当碱度不大于1.9时,铸坯中不会存在镁铝尖晶石。     

低碳冷镦钢LF精炼渣的优化

通过工业试验对低碳冷镦钢的LF精炼渣成分进行了优化。试验结果表明:适合于冶炼低碳冷镦钢的精炼渣成分为w(CaO)=50%～55%、w(Al2O3)=30%～35%、w(CaF2)=5%～10%、w(SiO2)<5%、w(MgO)<5%、w(FeO)<1%;LF精炼过程可将钢水中w(S)从389×10-6降到50×10-6,w(T.O)从54.0×10-6降到21.1×10-6。当钢水中w(S)<50×10-6,钙处理后夹杂物中平均w(S)<1.9%。将优化后的工艺应用于低碳冷镦钢的批量生产后,精炼渣料消耗降低了6.5 kg/t,吨钢成本降低了10元以上。     

高级别管线钢超低硫控制研究

 利用光学碱度计算了1873 K时CaO SiO2 Al2O3 MgO(10%)四元精炼渣系的硫容量,从理论上分析了精炼高级别管线钢超低硫控制的工艺条件,绘制出精炼渣硫容量、渣中硫、钢中溶解氧与钢中硫的关系图。分析了某钢厂LF VD高级别管线钢生产工艺,LF1（LF炉精炼初期）、LF2（LF炉精炼末期）和VD精炼渣的氧化能力w（（MnO+FeO））分别为11.92%、2.00%和1.1０%,精炼渣碱度分别为3.195、6.250和7.600,精炼渣的曼内斯曼指数M（R/w(Al2O3）)分别为0.09、0.17和0.18,精炼渣硫容量CS′分别为0.010、0.022和0.023。钢中硫的质量分数从LF1的80×10-6,降低到LF2的（20～30）×10-6 ,并稳定在VD末期的20×10-6以下,与理论计算相符。     

80t BOF-LF-VD-CC流程生产GCr15轴承钢控氧的工艺实践

分析了BOF终点[C]对终点[O]的影响,LF精炼渣（FeO+MnO）和[Als]对钢水[O]和钢材T[O]的影响。通过控制BOF终点[C]0.12%~0.15%,下渣量＜0.10%,LF精炼控制[Als]0.015%~0.025%,采用高碱度中间包覆盖剂和专用GCr15钢连铸保护渣等工艺措施,在稳定工艺控制的条件下,可使钢中T[O]≤10×10^-6,平均T[O]为6.62×10^-6。     

铝脱氧曲轴钢中镁含量的计算分析

采用热力学软件FactSage计算分析了精炼渣成分、Als含量、精炼温度对钢水中镁含量的影响,并通过试验对计算结果进行验证。结果表明:在1 600℃,随着精炼渣碱度的升高以及渣中Al2O3、FeO含量的降低,钢水中Mg含量增加;随着渣中MgO含量的升高,钢水中Mg含量先升高后降低,当渣中w(MgO)为8%时,钢水中w(Mg)达到最大值11.9×10-6;而w(Al2O3)为30%,碱度为15时,钢水中w(Mg)达到最大值11.9×10-6。     

20CrMnTiH齿轮钢可浇性研究与实践

在分析堵塞物的基础上,结合20CrMnTiH生产实际,重点研究了LF精炼渣系及钢水中Ca质量分数对水 口堵塞的影响。结果表明,通过优化调整精炼渣中Al ₂ O ₃ 和 MgO组分、控制钢水Ca质量分数为15×10 -6 ～25× 10 -6 ,可以有效避免水口堵塞,提高了钢水可浇性。     

DC06 IF钢精炼渣成分优化及钢-渣中氧的控制

无间隙原子钢(IF钢)对含铝夹杂物要求极为严格。为冶炼洁净IF钢,采用热力学软件FactSage 7.0对IF钢精炼渣系做了优化计算,并采取6组工业实验做验证,根据结果提出改进措施。实验中采取氧传感器、碳硫分析仪及ICP-AES对钢和渣成分进行检测,并通过ASPEX自动扫描电子显微镜检测钢中夹杂物成分与数量。热力学计算及实验研究发现,转炉脱碳结束时钢液中碳质量分数宜控制在0.04%,转炉渣中FeO质量分数控制在14.9%以内,降低钢中[O]质量分数到470×10~(-6)。精炼时控制补吹氧炉次比在64%以下,补吹量在17 m~3内,精炼渣中SiO_2、MgO及TFe质量分数分别控制在6%～8%、6%和5%～10%,钙铝比控制在1.4～1.6时,钢中[O]质量分数可控制在10×10~(-6),且该精炼渣系对Al_2O_3有较好的吸附性。在确保精炼脱氧的同时,降低钢液二次氧化,达到IF钢洁净冶炼目的。     

Rationale on composition of slags in oxygen steelmaking processes

Abstract

A study of plant analytical data on slags for the BOS and OBM processes revealed consistent interrelations between the concentrations of FeO, CaO, and SiO₂ in the slag at the end of the oxygen blow. Over a wide composition range, the amounts of CaO and SiO₂ decrease with increasing FeO, slag basicity increases with increasing FeO, and the amount of MgO decreases with increasing slag basicity. At all levels of lime and silica contents, the amount of FeO in the slag varies by 5–6% between the low and high contents. Consequently, the slag/ metal distribution ratios (%P)/[%P] and (%S)/[%S] as functions of basic and/or acidic oxide contents are within a composition range bordered by the equilibrium curves for the low and high FeO contents.     

高级别管线钢超低磷控制研究

对高级别管线钢超低磷生产工艺进行热力学计算,研究了转炉脱磷并控制增硫和LF脱硫并控制回磷的条件。当100 t转炉终点氧为0.055%时,在炉渣碱度大于4.5、(FeO)≤20%,渣中的硫、磷分别≤0.036 5%、1.18%情况下可控制转炉终点钢中硫磷≤0.004%。得到0.004%和0.006%钢中磷的精炼工艺条件为:精炼渣碱度5.5～6、(Al₂O₃)分别小于18.8%和21.0%、(FeO)分别大于1.72%和1.28%、(P₂O₅) ≤0.012%。     

超低碳钢150 t转炉冶炼过程超低硫的控制和工艺实践

结合转炉超低硫钢研发试验及生产实际,分析了转炉原材料中硫含量分布,得出铁水及带渣量、废钢、石灰占转炉入炉原料总硫质量分数的70%以上;研究了150 t顶底复吹转炉碳氧积对终渣（FeO）的影响,吹炼时间（0~15 min）、炉渣综合碱度R（2~4）和（FeO）(15%~25%)以及转炉钢水终点温度（1640~1700℃）对渣-钢硫分配比L_S=（S）/[S]的影响。20炉无取向硅钢AGW600生产结果表明,当转炉终点碳氧积控制在0.002 8以内,二元碱度3.2~3.7、转炉钢水终点温度1675~1710℃、渣中（FeO）不超过20%,渣-钢硫分配比L_S达7.0,钢水终点[C]为0.025%~0.048%,[S]为0.0024%~0.005 7%,钢材的[C]为0.0012%~0.0029%,[S]为0.0022%~0.0047%。     

The effect of carbon content on the rate of reduction of FeO in slag relevant to iron smelting

In the iron smelting, or bath smelting, process the tapped metal contains high amounts of sulfur and the slag contains high amounts of FeO, relative to blast furnace slag. After tapping, the FeO can be further reduced by carbon in the metal, which will also lead to better desulfurization. Although there have been many studies of the reaction of carbon in iron with FeO in slag, discrepancies exist with regards to the effect of carbon in iron on the rate of FeO reduction in slag, which is the subject of this study. Experiments were conducted at 1723 K, using a slag with basicity close to one with an FeO mass content of 5 %. The rate of reduction was measured using a pressure increase technique. For moderate and high sulfur contents, as in the case of iron smelting, the rate is primarily controlled by the dissociation of CO₂ on the surface of the molten iron. Furthermore, if the effect of carbon on sulfur is taken into account, for the range of carbon mass contents of 2 to 4.5 %, there is no effect of the carbon level on the rate of FeO reduction. At low sulfur contents it was found that there is considerable slag foaming, which inhibits mass transfer of FeO in the slag, and significantly reduces the rate. Even when there is no slag foaming at low sulfur contents, mass transfer of FeO in the slag can influence the rate of FeO reduction.     

转炉提钒终点钒的分配行为

运用共存理论建立了钒渣活度计算模型,分析了钒渣成分和温度对渣中FeO、V₂O₃活度及活度系数的影响;通过实验和理论计算,分析了转炉提钒终点钒渣成分和温度对钒在渣和半钢间分配行为的影响.结果表明,渣中FeO的活度和活度系数随MnO和FeO含量的增加而增加,随V₂O₃、SiO₂和TiO₂含量的增加而减小,其值分别在10-1和100的数量级上,而渣中V₂O₃的活度及活度系数在同样条件下的变化与FeO相反,其值分别在10-2和10-1的数量级上;半钢V的质量分数一般在0.02%~0.06%之间,随温度以及渣中V₂O₃、TiO₂和SiO₂含量升高而升高,随FeO含量降低而升高;V在渣金间的分配比为100~500,随温度和渣中TiO₂、SiO₂含量升高而降低,随FeO含量升高而升高;存在一个临界V₂O₃含量使得V在渣金间的分配比达到最大,该值的理论计算结果为23.77%,实验结果在15%~20%.      

100t转炉用含钛铁水冶炼高碳钢的留渣+单渣操作实践

针对100t转炉用含钛铁水冶炼高碳钢的前期成渣难于熔化、脱磷率低的问题,分析了含钛铁水转炉炼钢的成渣过程和炉渣的物理特性,开发了留渣+单渣工艺技术。循环利用终点炉渣,充分发挥渣中10%～13%FeO高（FeO）含量的特点,快速把含钛铁水冶炼前期的CaO-TiO₂-SiO₂三元渣系转变为CaO-TiO₂-SiO₂-FeO四元渣系,脱除钢中大部分磷。控制终渣碱度大于3.2、（TiO₂）含量小于5%,使转炉出钢[C]≥0.20%、[P]≤0.014%,转炉炼钢脱磷率达到88%～92%,石灰消耗下降到28 kg/t钢。     

Electroreduction Kinetics for Molten Oxide Slags

 The oxygen ion conductor, the reducing agent, and the molten oxide slag containing electroactive matter were used as constituent of a galvanic cell. Metal was directly electroreduced from molten slag using a short circuit galvanic cell. The following galvanic cell was assembled in the present experiment: graphite rod, [O]Fe C saturated｜ZrO2(MgO)｜Cu(l)+(FeO)(slag), and molybdenum wire. The FeO electroreduction reaction was studied through measuring short circuit current by controlling factors such as temperature, the FeO content in molten slags, and the external circuit resistance. An overall kinetics model was developed to describe the process of FeO electroreduction. It was found that the modeled curves were in good agreement with the experimental values. The new oxide reduction method in the metallurgy with controlled oxygen flow was proposed and the metallurgical theory with controlled oxygen flow was developed.     

Foaming and the Rate of the Carbon-Iron Oxide Reaction in Slag

Foaming in the electric arc furnace is achieved by injecting carbon into slag, where the resulting reaction of the carbon with FeO dissolved in the slag generates gas (CO) that causes the slag to foam. In this research, the rate of the reaction of FeO in slag with carbon and the resulting foam height were measured. In these experiments, the FeO content of the slag ranged from 15 to 45 mass pct, and several different types of carbon were used including graphite, coals, and chars. The rate of the slag-carbon reaction and the consequent CO generation increased with FeO content of the slag from 15 to 45 mass pct. However, the slag foam height reached a maximum at about 25 mass pct FeO and decreased at higher FeO contents. The decrease in foaming is apparently due to a decrease in the foam index or foamability caused by a decrease in viscosity and an increase in density of the slag with FeO content. The results of this work indicate that the foam height is influenced more significantly by the decrease in the foam index compared to the increase in the CO gas generation rate at higher FeO contents. The decrease in the foam index with FeO agrees with that predicted from the slag properties.     

Reoxidation of Al‐Killed Steel by Ca(OH)2 in the High Basicity Slag

In the present work, reoxidation of Al‐killed steel by Ca(OH)₂ in high basicity slag was investigated by using laboratory experiments at 1873 K in MgO crucibles with various amount of Ca(OH)₂ addition into slag. The CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO–Ca(OH)₂ slags were used to study the effect of Ca(OH)₂ on total oxygen content, aluminum loss, and FeO content in the slag. It was shown that total oxygen content decreased with the time when no Ca(OH)₂ was added into the slag, but it first increased and then decreased with the time when the addition of Ca(OH)₂ was made. Moreover, aluminum loss and FeO content in the slag increased with increasing Ca(OH)₂ content.