乳状液膜法从赤泥浸出液中提取钪

研究了Cyanex272为载体的乳状液膜从赤泥浸出液中提取钪的工艺,考察了内相酸度、外相酸度、油内比、乳水比等因素对钪提取率的影响,结果表明:在确定的工艺条件下,一次间歇式提取后,钪提取率达90%。     

用乳状液膜从氯化钠型浸出液中浓缩稀土

考察了用乳状液膜从氯化钠型浸出液中浓缩稀土过程中工艺因素的影响：油内比、膜相中煤油和液体石蜡的比例、表面活性剂用量、内相酸度、料液中稀土浓度、水乳比、Ｐ５０７ 和Ｐ２０４ 的比较以及搅拌时间等。通过实验， 获得了乳状液膜浓缩稀土的适宜配方以及较佳的操作条件，乳状液膜浓缩稀土的浓度可达１０６ｇ／Ｌ，稀土提取率可达９４ ％ 。     

用乳状液膜从氯化钠型浸出液中浓缩稀土

对乳状液膜从氯化钠型浸出液中浓缩稀土的工艺影响因素进行了考察。这些因素包括油肉比（Ｒｏｉ）、膜相中煤油和液体石蜡的比例、表面活性剂用量、内相酸度、料液中稀土浓度、水乳比（ＲＷｅ），Ｐ５０７和Ｐ２０４的比较以及搅拌时间。通过实验，获得了乳状液膜浓缩稀土的适宜配方是Ｎ２０５－Ｐ５０７－煤油－液体石蜡－ＨＣｌ以及较佳的操作条件，乳状液膜浓缩土稀土的浓度可达１００ｇ／Ｌ。稀土提取率可达９４％。     

硫酸钠复盐法分离Ce（Ⅳ）和RE（Ⅲ）过程中影响分离效果的因素的研究

在硫酸稀土溶液中，用Ｎａ２ＳＯ４复盐法分离Ｃｅ（Ⅳ）和ＲＥ（Ⅲ）时，研究了溶液中Ｆ－浓度、Ｎａ２ＳＯ４加入量、反应时间、温度和溶液的酸度对Ｃｅ（Ⅳ）提取率的影响，以及复盐沉淀洗涤情况对Ｃｅ（Ⅳ）和ＲＥ（Ⅲ）分离效果的影响。确立了在稀土溶液中用Ｎａ２ＳＯ４复盐法提取铈和少铈稀土的合理工艺条件。     

乳状液型液膜法提取稀土

本文研究了乳状液型液膜法提取稀土的工艺条件。连续逆流试验的结果证明该方法特别适合于从稀溶液中提取稀土。对1g/l的稀土溶液,提取率大于97%,回收液中稀土的浓度大于84g/l。萃余液中碳氢化合物的含量小于7.5ppm,符合国家规定的排放标准。高压静电凝聚法是有效的破乳技术。介电常数高、表面自由能低的材料是良好的电极绝缘材料。破乳后的液膜相可以长期复用。经济分析表明本方法比草酸盐沉淀法和溶剂萃取法经济。     

静电式准液膜法从稀土矿浸出液中提取与浓缩稀土的探讨

本文研究了采用静电式准液膜法从稀土矿浸出液中提取与浓缩稀土的工艺操作条件。研究结果表明:对于含RE~(3+)lg/l左右的稀土浸出液.稀土提取率为98%以上;浓缩液RE~(3+)含量可达95.2g/l;该方法工艺过程十分简单。     

从冶锌工业废渣中提取镓和铟

以P204和TBP作萃取剂,建立了从冶锌废渣中同时提取镓和铟的新工艺。在大于1mol/L酸度条件下,用P204-煤油作萃取剂实现了镓和铟萃取分离。经三级萃取后,铟的提取率达到99%以上,镓的萃取率小于1%。在大于4mol/L酸度条件下,用TBP-煤油作萃取剂可使镓的提取率接近100%,TBP有机相用1.5mol/L氯化铵溶液反萃,镓的反萃率可达99%以上。该提取工艺操作简单,可实现同时提取工业废渣中的镓和铟。     

从冶锌工业废渣中提取镓和铟

以P204和TBP作萃取剂,建立了从冶锌废渣中同时提取镓和铟的新工艺。在大于1mol/L酸度条件下,用P204-煤油作萃取剂实现了镓和铟萃取分离。经三级萃取后,铟的提取率达到99%以上,镓的萃取率小于1%。在大于4mol/L酸度条件下,用TBP-煤油作萃取剂可使镓的提取率接近100%,TBP有机相用1.5mol/L氯化铵溶液反萃,镓的反萃率可达99%以上。该提取工艺操作简单,可实现同时提取工业废渣中的镓和铟。     

冕宁氟碳铈矿除氟萃取铈(Ⅳ)工艺研究

本文研究了冕宁氟碳铈精矿加分解助剂进行焙烧时的温度、时间及分解助剂用量对稀土提取率的影响。研究了对焙烧矿进行水洗除氟过程中水温、洗涤次数、ＡｌＣｌ３加入对除氟效果的影响以及硫酸浸取除氟矿时硫酸浓度、酸浸时间对稀土提取率的影响。讨论了Ｐ２０４皂化度、浓度、料液中Ｃｅ（Ⅳ）的浓度、酸度对Ｃｅ（Ⅳ）萃取分配比的影响以及萃取络合物形式、萃取平衡时间等。     

用乳状液膜从浸出液中提取混合稀土

本文探索了用乳状液膜从实际浸出液中提取混合稀土的可能性,考察了流动载体种类、原料液类型、无机盐、表面活性剂种类、水乳比、NaAc缓冲剂以及膜回用等因素的影响规律。结果表明,该技术是可行的,稀土提取率达85％～97％。富集液中的稀土浓度达40～90g/L。稀土氧化物的纯度达99％以上。但破乳仍存在较大的问题。     

环烷酸体系萃取分离稀土和铝的实验研究

在不改变料液酸度的条件下,研究了不同皂化值、相比和萃取级数对稀土和铝在环烷酸体系中的分配比和分离系数的影响.实验结果表明,环烷酸萃取体系分离稀土和铝的较优工艺参数为：皂化值0.25 mol/L、相比O/A=1.5,在此条件下,分配比DAl=4.035,DRE=0.111,分离系数βAl/RE=36.35,此外,随着萃取级数的增加,除铝率也会增加,当萃取级数大于2时,除铝率可达95%以上.     

Formation mechanism of micro emulsion on aluminum and lanthanum extraction in P507-HCl system

P507 solvent extraction is the main method to separate and purify the rare earth products. The emulsification may be caused by the impurities in process of extracting rare earths, and these result in huge economic loss and decrease the quality of rare earth products. In recent researches, the extractant was prone to emulsification, and aluminum content of rare earth products also increased, while aluminum concentration of feed was higher. Pointing to this problem, the structural change of saponification P507 extracting aluminum and lanthanum was investigated by infrared spectroscopy, and the results showed that Al ions exchanged with H of P-O-H to become P-O-Al. Because aluminum held the characteristic of hydrophilic after extracted in the form of hydroxyl polymer ions and this provided conditions for the formation of micro emulsion. The organic phase and aqueous phase were investigated by polarizing microscope after aluminum was extracted. The results showed that the organic phase was clear when the extraction capacity of Al was less than 5 g/L. If the extraction capacity of Al exceeded 5 g/L, it formed W/O of ME (micro emulsion), leading to form emulsion of the organic phase. When Al concentration of feed was less than 1 g/L, the aqueous phase would form O/W of ME. If aluminum was extracted by saponification P507 firstly, then the the organic phase loading aluminum extracted rare earth continually, the organic and aqueous phase formed emulsification easily.     

Formation mechanism of micro emulsion on aluminum and lanthanum extraction in P507-HCl system

P507 solvent extraction is the main method to separate and purify the rare earth products.The emulsification may be caused by the impurities in process of extracting rare earths,and these result in huge economic loss and decrease the quality of rare earth products.In recent researches,the extractant was prone to emulsification,and aluminum content of rare earth products also increased,while aluminum concentration of feed was higher.Pointing to this problem,the structural change of saponification P507 extracting aluminum and lanthanum was investigated by infrared spectroscopy,and the results showed that Al ions exchanged with H of P-O-H to become P-O-Al.Because aluminum held the characteristic of hydrophilic after extracted in the form of hydroxyl polymer ions and this provided conditions for the formation of micro emulsion.The organic phase and aqueous phase were investigated by polarizing microscope after aluminum was extracted.The results showed that the organic phase was clear when the extraction capacity of Al was less than 5 g/L.If the extraction capacity of Al exceeded 5 g/L,it formed W/O of ME(micro emulsion),leading to form emulsion of the organic phase.When Al concentration of feed was less than 1 g/L,the aqueous phase would form O/W of ME.If aluminum was extracted by saponification P507 firstly,then the the organic phase loading aluminum extracted rare earth continually,the organic and aqueous phase formed emulsification easily.     

碱熔预处理对废旧稀土荧光粉中稀土提取的影响

针对废旧稀土荧光粉特性,采用高温碱熔与酸浸相结合的方法处理废旧稀土荧光粉,考察碱熔温度、氢氧化钠用量、碱熔时间对稀土浸出率和铝回收率的影响,并对碱熔过程中的物相及形貌变化进行分析.结果表明,在碱熔温度为1050℃、氢氧化钠与废粉质量比为2.5∶1、碱熔时间为2 h 条件下,其稀土浸出率可达98%以上,铝回收率可达98%.通过对碱熔产物物相和形貌分析表明,废粉晶体结构被有效破坏,其中稀土以稀土氧化物形式存在,碱熔产物变成无定型云絮状.     

某离子型稀土矿浸出试验

以中国南方地区某离子型稀土矿为研究对象,采用搅拌浸出和柱浸的方式,研究不同条件下矿样中稀土及杂质元素的浸出情况,为离子型稀土矿产资源的绿色高效开采提供参考。结果表明,浸出液固比对离子相稀土浸出率影响较大,浸出时间影响较小,离子相稀土浸出过程时间短,反应迅速;柱浸过程中离子相稀土流出速率最快,达到平衡时间短,杂质元素前期浸出浓度高,后续拖尾严重;离子相稀土浸出率随着样品深度的增加不断降低,符合南方离子型稀土成矿规律;硫酸铵浸出过程中铵根离子损失量较大,最低损失率超过11.31%,硫酸根不参与金属离子的交换反应过程,回收率最高可达99.22%。     

中钇富镧稀土物料处理流程的选择

将一摩尔物质穿过液—液界面所需的能量对各种金属来说大体上是一个常数。选择设计的流程做到了萃取过程在相间传递的物质摩尔数尽可能减少。对中钇（含Ｙ２Ｏ３２０～４０％）富镧（含Ｌａ２Ｏ３２０～４０％）稀土物料，采用环烷酸进行镧钇和其它稀土的切割分离，再用Ｐ＿（５０７）分离镧钇，其它稀土用Ｐ＿（５０７）分组，后续的单一稀土分离流程可以方便地衔接。不仅流程简捷，技术先进，经济上也最为节省。     

Analysis of Response Surface in the Study of RE(NO_3)_3-HNO_3-P507-Kerosene Extraction System

RE(NO_3)_3-HNO_3-P507-kerosene extraction system(RE=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Y)was studied by the response surface technique.14 models for extracting single rare earth ele-ment in a broad range of acidity and initial rare earth concentration were obtained by using the stepwiseregression method.Three-dimensional display of the response surface of the model of extracting Er~(3 )wasshowed as an example,which reveals clearly the dependence of distribution ratio upon both initial acidity and ini-tial rare earth concentration.     

氧化铝赤泥盐酸浸出稀土元素研究

在用盐酸浸出氧化铝赤泥提取氧化钪的过程中,稀土元素镧,铈,钕也一同浸出,进入到浸出液中。研究了拜耳法赤泥盐酸浸出稀土元素镧,铈,钕的过程。研究了浸出温度、酸度、液固比和浸出时间对稀土元素浸出率的影响。研究结果表明,影响稀土浸出率的因素依次是浸出温度,盐酸浓度,配料液固比,和浸出时间。当接近沸点109℃浸出时,镧、铈、钕浸出率提高最快。盐酸酸度在4～5 mol.L-1时,浸出率升高较快,5～7 mol.L-1时,缓慢提高,当超过7 mol.L-1时,镧、铈、钕的浸出率基本不变化。当液固比为4.0时,镧、铈、钕元素的浸出率较低,仅为60%～75%之间,当液固比提高到5.0时,稀土元素的浸出率升高较快。随着浸出时间的延长,氧化稀土的浸出率从60～180 min时,缓慢提高,在180 min时达到最大值,超过180 min后,变化不大。在温度为沸点(109℃),液固比6.0,时间180 min。盐酸浓度7 mol.L-1的条件下浸出,赤泥中La,Ce,Nd的浸出率能达到95%以上。     

超重力强化金属铋提取废旧钕铁硼中稀土元素

钕铁硼是应用最广泛的永磁材料,每年会产生大量达到使用年限的废旧钕铁硼。这些废料中含有20%~30%稀土元素,是宝贵的二次资源。文中以金属铋为提取剂,通过火法熔炼回收废旧钕铁硼中的稀土元素,并利用高温超重力技术将过量的铋分离,用于循环使用。考察了熔炼过程中铋废质量比对稀土提取效率的影响,以及超重力离心过程中温度和重力系数对铋的回收率的影响。结果表明,在铋废质量比大于1∶1时,铋相与铁相分层效果较好,废旧钕铁硼中的稀土元素几乎全部进入铋相中;在较优分离条件:T=500 ℃、G=1 000下,稀土回收率达99.8%,铋的回收率达72.7%。该工艺的成功开发为废旧钕铁硼中稀土元素回收利用开辟了一条新途径。      

P204-P350萃取体系萃取稀土铈的研究

用P204和P350组成的二元协同萃取体系萃取氯化铈稀土料液,研究萃取体系的震荡时间、相比及稀土离子浓度对萃取率的影响,结果表明,当P204与P350体系的振荡时间9 min、相比1:1、稀土离子浓度为0.1 mol/L时,协同萃取体系具有最佳萃取效果,此时萃取率为71％;红外表征中萃取相出现的特征峰,可定性说明萃取反...