塔城地区铜矿地质土地利用/土地覆被及空间分析

研究区内土地肥沃,广阔丰饶,自然条件得天独厚。是一个我国少有的草种齐全的广阔自然大草场。在遥感与GIS技术指导下,利用2000年TM和2014年OLI遥感影像数据对本区铜矿地质土地利用/覆被变化进行遥感解译并进行空间分析。根据国家统一标准《地质勘查资质管理条例》((国务院令第520号)将本区铜矿地质土地利用/土地覆被共分7个一级类、19个二级类。结果表明:2000-2014年间变化显著,草地新增面积338.33km~2,占调查区总面积的3.71%;其他土地大幅减少,尤其是裸地面积,减少面积723.21km~2,占调查区面积的7.93%;沙地减少1680.03 km~2;湿地植被覆盖面积减少250 km~2。通过两期土地覆被类型与生态环境解译工作可知,塔城耕地面积有明显增加,但整体生态环境趋于恶化,湿地面积减少,沙化与盐渍化土地面积增大。     

重庆市主城区土地利用变化空间分异研究

本文选取重庆市主城区1988---2007年3个时期(1988、2001、2007年)的TM、中巴遥感影像资料,将研究区划分为11个区,从土地利用变化和土地利用综合程度变化等方面分析了研究区土地利用空间分异特征,并对土地利用变化驱动因子进行剖析.结果表明:1988-2007年土地利用结构变化总趋势为建设用地、林地面积增加,耕地面积减少;耕地、林地年变化速度较快,建设用地年变化速度最快,灌丛、水域相对居中;其中耕地主要转入绿地和建筑用地,林地经过了"减-增"的变化过程,灌丛面积持续增长;研究时期内,1988年土地利用综合程度指数为279.38,2001年增长为282.01,2007年土地利用综合指数增长最高为282.13.研究提示耕地转为建设用地对土地利用综合指数贡献最大.     

基于多视角的土地利用变化研究——以山东省惠民县为例

根据1996～2005年统计资料和土地利用变更调查数据,从多个视角探讨了山东省惠民县10年来土地利用结构变化,揭示了土地利用变化的时空演变规律.结果表明,10年间惠民县土地利用出现了"五增三减"的现象,其中交通运输用地增加幅度最大,园地减少幅度最大;土地利用综合程度及集约化水平明显提高;不同地类之间转移频繁,转换面积较大;园地是促使耕地面积减少的主导因素,其次是建设用地.     

毕节石灰岩地区土地利用动态变化分析

以毕节石灰岩地区为研究对象,采用1992、2000、2036年的遥感影像和1:5万地形图提取不同年份的土地利用信息.在宏观方面以土地利用类型面积变化率方法揭示了不同时期各类型面积变化状况,数据显示各类型变化率逐渐减少,说明土地利用结构趋于稳定;在缀观方面以土地利用动态变化和内部转移矩阵表现土地利用变化程度和方向,各类型动态变化的比例整体上趋于减少,说明土地利用类型内部流转性降低,整体上趋于平衡.     

胶州市土地利用变化及其驱动力分析

以胶州市为研究对象,根据1998和2008年土地利用现状数据,运用数理统计和GIS空间叠加方法,分析了胶州市10年来土地利用类型动态变化情况,并从人口、交通、政策和经济4个方面对胶州市土地利用变化的驱动力因素进行了分析.结果表明,10年间胶州市耕地、园地呈减少趋势,城镇工矿用地、交通水利及其他用地呈增加趋势,其中耕地的减少和城镇工矿用地的增加十分显著;主要转移方向包括耕地转化为建设用地,未利用地转化为耕地、其他农用地等;土地利用变化主要受人口、交通、政策和经济等人为驱动力因素的影响.     

基于ANN-CA模型的滨海新区土地利用预测

利用遥感和地理信息系统技术获取 1993～2008 年滨海新区城市土地利用现状数据,基于 Matlab 2008a,耦合地理信息系统、人工神经网络和地理元胞自动机,在黎夏等提出的 ANN-CA 模型基础上进行调整,模拟了滨海新区的土地利用变化趋势.该模型综合考虑了影响城市土地利用变化的社会、经济和自然 3 个层面的 10 个空间变量,并加入了不同的随机扰动项,进行模型训练和未来预测.研究表明,未来 15 年滨海新区仍将经历城市扩张的过程,大量的耕地、盐田等非城市用地将会转化为新兴的城市化地区,但扩张速度有所放缓,土地利用变化从规模型向效益型转变.     

基于马尔柯夫模型的福建长汀土壤侵蚀动态预测

根据南方红壤侵蚀典型区域--福建省长汀县1988、2000、2007年3个年份的遥感影像解译的土壤侵蚀数据,确定土壤侵蚀的初始状态矩阵和转移概率,应用马尔柯夫模型进行土壤侵蚀强度变化预测,结果与实际的误差通过了检验,模型在研究区的土壤侵蚀预测可靠.预测结果表明:研究区土壤侵蚀总面积2010年为40 031.76 hm2, 2050年仍有30 693.56 hm2,说明现有土壤侵蚀的治理水平有待提高.预测1988～2000年和2000～2007年2个初始状态下的土壤侵蚀强度变化说明了社会经济发展及人为调控对土壤侵蚀有很大的影响,研究区土壤侵蚀治理需要技术、物力持续强度的投入,同时控制不合理利用土地是治理的关键.     

淮安市土地利用景观格局研究

笔者选取了淮安市楚州区、洪泽县进行土地利用的景观格局研究,采用了景观格局指数法分析了2区域2000年相关景观格局指数.研究表明:①2区域土地利用结构区别较大,其中洪泽县受人类干扰较少的景观类型占52.52%,而楚州区仅为14.24%,这也受客观因素制约.②2区域土地利用类型按平均斑块面积由大到小排序,楚州区为耕地>建设用地>水域>未利用地>林地;洪泽县为水域>耕地>建设用地>未利用地>林地.③2区域景观要素类型的结构特征表明楚州区较洪译县耕地破碎度、空间导质性更大;2区域斑块数量均较多,但洪译县斑块密度更小,且其建设用地景观形状更趋于规则;两区域的水域景观差别显著;两区域林地、未利用土地景观面积所占比例相差不大,其景观形状指数差别也不大.④2区域总体景观特征表明,洪泽县景观多样性指数,丰富度指数相对较高,优势度指数、破碎化指数相对较低.该研究总体反映了在研究区域的人类活动处于过度状态.     

包头市土地利用动态变化及其环境效应研究

利用1996～2006年包头市土地利用现状年度变更调查数据,采用土地利用变化速率和土地利用动态度等模型,对包头市土地利用10年间变化的特征进行了分析,并在此基础上对包头市生态系统服务价值进行了全面研究.     

基于土地协调性分析的地质公园规划研究——以云台山世界地质公园为例

以云台山世界地质公园为例,结合该地区的土地利用现状,人工解译遥感影像,MAPGIS软件系统分析,对该地区的土地利用与公园建设之间的协调性关系进行了讨论,结合分析结果和出现的问题,建议对原有的土地结构作出适当调整,控制建设用地,保护和扩大生态用地、地质遗迹和景观用地.综合协调有效控制各种土地利用方式,注重风景区土地利用规划的协调作用,并结合二次调查成果数据优化新一轮的规划编制,突出体现景区特有的土地价值,从而使该地区新增的人类活动与生态环境之间形成新的良性循环,为园区的可持续发展提供新的思路和方法.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.