烧绿石结构A_2B_2O_7热障涂层材料热物理性能综述

烧绿石结构材料由于具有良好的高温相结构稳定性,低热导率等优点,是最为广泛研究且最具有应用前景的新型热障涂层材料系列之一。本文从烧绿石结构材料高温相稳定性、热导率、热膨胀系数、断裂韧性、抗烧结性、与Al2O3化学相容性等几个方面进行了综述,并将成分和掺杂对各性能的影响规律进行了归纳和总结,对新型烧绿石结构热障涂层材料的成分设计、性能研究等具有重要意义。     

Al2O3 含量对 YSZ 热障涂层性能的影响

Al_2O_3等氧化物对YSZ热障涂层的高温使用性能有一定的影响。本文用HVOF喷涂Ni Co Cr Al Y合金粘结层,APS喷涂YSZ陶瓷面层,制备了Al_2O_3含量为0.01~0.64wt%的YSZ涂层。比较了不同Al_2O_3含量的YSZ涂层在1100℃下的热震性能和抗烧结性能,并探讨Al_2O_3对涂层的影响机理。结果表明相较于高纯YSZ涂层,随着涂层中Al_2O_3含量升高,涂层的抗热震性能降低,且Al_2O_3促进YSZ涂层的烧结。Al_2O_3含量在小于0.01wt%-0.12wt%区间内时,对涂层抗热震和抗烧结性能有显著影响,含量继续增加至0.64%时,对性能影响减缓。显微组织观察与EDS检测结果表明涂层中Al_2O_3并未在熔融颗粒界面处偏聚,但在颗粒内部有局部偏析。由此推测,含Al_2O_3的YSZ涂层热震失效的原因可能是Al_2O_3在YSZ颗粒内部偏析,并影响涂层的烧结性能,导致裂纹容易萌生和扩展。     

氧化钆改性铈酸镧热障涂层材料设计 及涂层抗热震性能研究

La2Ce2O7(LC) 由于具有比 YSZ 更低的热导率、 更高的热膨胀系数和良好的高温相稳定性, 是一种极具前 景的热障涂层陶瓷材料。 但该材料热膨胀系数在 200~400℃温度区间存在异常下降现象, 从而引起涂层过早失效 的问题。 目前, 通过掺杂 Gd2O3 可有效解决 LC 低温段热膨胀系数下降的问题, 但是, Gd2O3 改性 La2Ce2O7 热障 涂层最优掺杂浓度及涂层性能还未见报道。 本文采用化学共沉淀法制备了三种不同浓度 Gd2O3 改性 La2Ce2O7 材 料 ((LaxGd1-x)2Ce2O7(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)), 研究了掺杂浓度对其热物理性能及相稳定性的影响, 采用等离子喷涂工艺 制备了(La0.8Gd0.2)2Ce2O7 (LGC)涂层, 研究了涂层的抗热震性能和涂层的失效机理。 研究结果表明： (La0.8Gd0.2)2Ce2O7 (LGC) 材料具有较低的热导率, 室温到 1400℃无相变, 并且经 1400℃长时间热处理无相变; 其制备的双陶瓷结 构 LGC/YSZ 热障涂层 1100℃热震次数可达到 109 次, 较未改性 LC/YSZ 热障涂层提升了大约 60%; 两种涂层的 失效模式相似, 均为陶瓷顶层烧结引起的片状剥落失效。     

等离子喷涂Sc_2O_3-Y_2O_3-ZrO_2热障涂层组织结构和性能研究

采用化学共沉淀—煅烧法制备了7.1mol%Sc_2O_3~1.5mol%Y_2O_3-ZrO_2(ScYSZ)设计成分复合陶瓷原粉,将该原粉经团聚造粒和高温烧结处理,使粉末流动性及松装密度满足等离子喷涂工艺要求。经大气等离子喷涂制备了超高温热障涂层。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射对粉末组织结构、形貌进行了测试,并进行了涂层组织结构、高温相稳定性、隔热性能、热冲击性能及抗氧化性能进行了测试分析。结果表明所制备的ScYSZ团聚粉末在1200℃烧结处理2h后,粉末呈球形、流动性好,满足等离子喷涂工艺要求。ScYSZ粉末及其涂层室温均呈单一四方结构,1500℃热处理300h后,ScYSZ涂层无单斜相出现,具有非常优秀的高温相稳定性。在900℃~1500℃温度测量范围内,等离子喷涂ScYSZ涂层的热导率为0.93~1.19W/m·K,明显低于目前广泛应用的等离子喷涂Y_2O_3-ZrO_2涂层的热导率(1.2~1.5W/m·K)。Sc_2O_3的加入在提高了热障涂层的高温相稳定性的同时,也显著提高了涂层的隔热性能及抗热冲击性能,Sc_2O_3-Y_2O_3-ZrO_2很有希望成为1500℃使用的超高温热障涂层材料。     

一种新型的双层结构热障涂层及其性能

本研究通过喷涂工艺试验确定了超音速火焰喷涂Ni Cr Al Y粘结层和等离子喷涂双层热障涂层的工艺参数。粘结层拉伸结合强度和显微硬度较高,涂层致密,且具有利于提高陶瓷层结合强度的粗糙表面。内层为8YSZ氧化锆层、外层为单相La2Ce2O7层的双层热障涂层体系具有较好的抗热震性能和弯曲性能。在室温到1200℃的温度范围内,DCL涂层的热导率均小于8YSZ热障涂层。两种热障涂层的热导率值均在室温下最大,随着温度的升高而降低,但到800℃以后则随温度增加而有小幅升高。     

Y3Al5O12 掺杂对 YSZ 热障涂层微观结构和高温相稳定性的影响

本文采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了不同Y_3Al_5O_(12)含量的YSZ@Y_3Al_5O_(12)/NiCrAlY热障涂层,研究了Y_3Al_5O_(12)对YSZ@Y_3Al_5O_(12)热障涂层的微观组织结构和高温相稳定性的影响。结果表明:等离子喷涂YSZ@Y_3Al_5O_(12)涂层呈典型的层状结构,Y_3Al_5O_(12)和YSZ交替沉积。随着Y_3Al_5O_(12)含量的升高,层与层之间的柱状晶结构逐渐消失。制备态的YSZ@Y_3Al_5O_(12)涂层主要含有c-ZrO_2晶相。1250℃下烧结50h后YSZ涂层发生了明显的相变,而1150℃和1250℃热处理后YSZ@Y_3Al_5O_(12)涂层含有相同的c-ZrO2和Y_3Al_5O_(12)两种晶相,表明Y_3Al_5O_(12)可以改善YSZ的高温相稳定性。     

柱状晶对等离子YSZ涂层性能的影响

本文选用微米级YSZ粉末和纳米级YSZ粉末喂料,采用等离子喷涂技术制备了两种YSZ涂层,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)对涂层的微观组织和结构进行了研究。结果表明:微米级YSZ粉末制备涂层内部柱状晶的尺寸较短,长度在1～3μm之间;纳米级YSZ粉末制备涂层内部柱状晶的尺寸较长,长度在8～12μm之间;这种组织结构特征的差异是导致YSZ涂层结合强度和热震性能不同的主要原因。     

Gd_2O_3-Yb_2O_3-Y_2O_3-ZrO_2热障涂层材料及涂层性能研究

使用化学共沉淀法合成了纳米Gd2O3-Yb2O3-Y2O3-ZrO（2GYYZO）粉末,并最终制备了超细晶团聚的多元稀土氧化物掺杂的GYYZO热喷涂粉末,系统的研究了材料及涂层的基本性能,重点研究了材料及涂层的高温稳定性,材料和涂层的高温相稳定性相对传统纳米8YSZ材料明显提高,对高温热处理过程中涂层孔隙收缩、晶粒长大...     

YSZ粉末致密度对涂层性能的影响

为了研究YSZ粉末特性对热障涂层性能的影响,选择三种通过造粒烧结工艺制备的商用YSZ粉末,测试对比了粉末颗粒的各项性能,发现三种粉末仅致密度存在显著差异。在两种不同功率条件下采用等离子喷涂工艺利用三种YSZ粉末制备了热障涂层,观察了涂层的金相组织和断口形貌,测试了涂层孔隙率和结合强度,并采用电弧风洞考核了涂层的服役性能。研究结果表明,粉末致密度对涂层性能有显著影响,致密度高的YSZ粉末喷涂过程中熔融状态更好,涂层的孔隙率更低,结合强度更高;针对致密度低的粉末,增大喷涂功率可改善粉末的熔融状态,从而改善涂层的性能。经工艺调控制备的孔隙率和结合强度相近的涂层具有相当的隔热防护效果。     

多元稀土掺杂ZrO_2粉末制备与涂层性能研究

稀土掺杂氧化锆热障涂层广泛应用于燃气轮机和航空发动机中以满足其对使用性能和服役寿命的更高要求。本文利用稀土氧化物粉末和氧化锆粉末为原料,采用固相合成法制备了La_2O_3-Gd_2O_3-Yb_2O_3-Y_2O_3-ZrO_2粉末,利用大气等离子喷涂制备LaGYYSZ涂层,利用场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射和激光拉曼光谱研究了粉末及涂层微观形貌、相结构。结果表明,所制备的La GYYZ粉末基本呈规则实心球,且球形度良好,粒径均匀,其分布范围为30~90μm,且流动性较好,具有良好的高温相稳定性,满足大气等离子喷涂工艺的要求。粉末和涂层均呈四方相/立方相结构,涂层孔隙率13%。在相同测试条件下,LaGYYSZ涂层的隔热性能更优异,较8YSZ涂层提高了18%。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.