Strategy for the development of the Russian coal industry

The distribution of coal reserves in the Russian Federation is considered, in terms of active or reserve status, their end use, open-pit versus underground mining, and suitability for extraction. Coal production over the next twenty years is predicted, and the corresponding stages in the development of open-pit and underground mining technologies are formulated. Academy of Mining, Moscow, Russia. Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 1, pp. 67–77, January–February, 2000.     

Social background of up-dating the underground iron-ore mining technology in Siberia

The author analyzes industrial injuries and diseases in terms of iron-ore mining enterprises in Siberia. It is shown that the harm to health is conditioned by the technology chosen for underground mining. To improve the safety of mining operations, it is recommended to select the sublevel caving method with areal-frontal ore drawing and mobile mining machinery for thick steep deposits. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie ProblemyRazrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 5, pp. 98–104, September–October, 2008.     

Classification of methods for ore mining at a large depth

The authors analyzed various criteria that are used in different classifications of mining methods and systems. It is shown that today’s complex geomechanical situation of mining at large depths and wide application of mobile machinery to mineral exploitation has brought to nothing the erstwhile practical importance of many geotechnologies. The modern trend-based classification of the underground ore mining methods is proposed. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 6, pp. 47–57, November–December, 2008.     

Implementation of the calculation method for stress state in rock mass with backfill

The author presents a method for calculating stress-strain state of host rocks and filling masses with allowance for the sequence of underground mining, and determines the stress filed redistribution in the course of extraction of flat-dipping ore bodies and of the reserves under open pit bottom. The mining variants most preferred from the geomechanical viewpoint are substantiated. __________ Translated from Fiz.-Tekh. Probl. Razrab. Polezn. Iskop., No. 5, pp. 14–26, September–October, 2008.     

Feasibility study of a geotechnology for underground mining at Udachnaya kimberlite pipe under the opencast bottom

The authors offer the optional versions of mining methods and technological schemes for mining at Udachnaya pipe reserves under the opencast bottom. The rational chamber-and-pillar method has been substantiated, considering the complicated mining-geological and geomechanical condition at the deposit. The economical feasibility of the proposed underground mining variants has been evaluated. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 3, pp. 55–67, May–June, 2008.     

Deformation of a rock mass during excavation of a flat sheet-like hard mineral deposit

The analytical dependences to describe the shape of a subsidence trough of the earth’s surface under the action of underground mining of a flat sheet-like deposit are constructed by the numerical modeling data. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 4, pp. 3–24, July–August, 2007.     

On a disastrous rock pressure criterion for stratified deposit exploitation

The paper offers a criterion to estimate geodynamic hazard of underground or surface stratified mineral mining based on the variation of energy stored due to mining. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 2, pp. 26–37, March–April, 2009.     

Concept of developing technology in underground mines of siberia and the far east

Features of the condition of underground mines are presented and basic principles for developing ore mining technology are formulated. It is noted that the main direction for improving mining operations in nonferrous metal deposits is development of mining systems with stowing by solidifying mixtures with waste utilization from mining and metallurgical industries based on the complexes of self-propelled machinery. In order to extract lowvaluable ores under conditions of great depths new variants of breast chamber mining systems, and sublevel caving systems with leaving rock intercalations in the bowels are considered. For ferrous metallurgy mines of the region the expediency is demonstrated for radical reconstruction of technology with development of mining system by sublevel caving with end ore drawing and comprehensive use of self-propelled equipment. Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk. Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 3, pp. 85–96, May–June, 1999.     

Estimate of the rock mass stress state in the course of mining the reserves subjacent the open pit bottom at the “Udachnaya” pipe

Using the mathematical modeling approach, the rock mass stress state is analyzed in the case of the open pit and underground mining of ore reserves of the “Udachnaya” pipe, the stability of the open pit walls and possible failure of the host rocks in the area of second working are estimated. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 4, pp. 25–35, July–August, 2007.     

Radon measurements as a monitoring possibility for mining subsidence occurrence

Using the former Luxembourg mining basin as a test site, the current research has been carried out to check whether or not subsurface radon concentrations can be related to mining and mining subsidence voids in order to allow the creation of a subsidence risk map. The location of enhanced radon concentrations may point to a local increased subsidence risk, consecutive to a fractioning of the underground. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 5, pp. 120–124, September–October, 2006.     

A study of mining-induced seismicity in Czech mines with longwall coal exploitation

A review is performed for the data of local and regional seismographical networks installed in mines of the Ostrava-Karviná Coal Basin (Czech Republic), where underground anthracite mining is carried out and dynamic events occur in the form of rockbursts. The seismological and seismoacoustic observations data obtained in panels that are in limiting state are analyzed. This aggregate information is a basic for determining hazardous zones and assigning rockburst prevention measures. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 1, pp. 37–44, January–February, 2007.     

Underground mining technique selection by multicriterion optimization methods

The authors propose a number of modified versions of well-known multicriterion optimization methods and discuss their application to select an optimal underground chromite mining technique. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No.4, pp. 78–89, July–August, 2008.     

New underground mineral mining approaches

The authors offer new solutions for mineral mining. A key idea is the construction of artificial separating masses at the stage of preparing a deposit and its part for exploitation. In terms of the underground mines belonging to “Alrosa“ JSC, “GMK Norilsk Nickel“, it is shown that the implementation of the new approach will prevent mine workings from aggressive water ingress, secure from other negative factors, and will allow the application of highly productive chamber mining schemes. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 5, pp. 89–97, September–October, 2008.     

Promising Pneumatic Punchers for Borehole Drilling

The state of borehole drilling by downhole pneumatic punchers and their potential use in open and underground mining as well as in exploration for reliable samplign are analyzed. Performance specification is presented for the new-generation pneumatic punchers equipped with a pin tool, effectively operating at a compressed-air pressure of 0.5...0.7 MPa, and with an additional extended exhaust from the power stroke chamber during working cycle. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 2, pp. 74–78, March–April, 2005.     

Mine stability with application of sublevel caving schemes

The paper expounds results gained in mathematical modeling of stress state of a rock mass under mining by sublevel caving with areal-frontal and frontal ore drawing schemes. Stability of underground excavations in the course of applying the compared methods is evaluated in terms of the Sheregesh deposit. The authors recommend on supporting the openings at the ore drawing-off level. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 1, pp. 90–100, January–February, 2008.     

Sequence optimization in longwall coal mining

BHP Billiton’s Illawarra Coal operates several longwall coal extraction systems in the Bulli and Wongawilli coal seams in the Southern Coalfields of the Sydney Basin, Australia. IC has applied a proprietary mixed integer linear programming open pit strategic mine planning tool called Blasor to rapidly evaluate, for a number of longwall mining domains, the jointly optimal underground development strategy and mining sequences necessary. For each development scenario, the Blasor optimizer maximizes the discounted operating cash flow as the objective function, subject to mining, processing, and transportation capacity constraints and product blend constraints. When applied to the underground longwall domain sequence optimization problem, Blasor evaluates a set of carefully considered scenarios, each describing a feasible underground development and transport strategy. In this application, Blasor plays the role of a fair valuation tool for each major scenario, by determining the most valuable extraction schedule for each development scenario. This establishes a basis for comparing the economic merits of competing scenarios that are structurally different.     

Coal quality control in the context of international standards ISO 9000 - 2000

The paper sets forth scientific foundations and organizational-technical environment offered by ISO 9000 standards that are oriented to product quality management and, thus, product quality planning. The authors describe the results of coal product quality planning with using the QFD methodology, present a model of coal quality control through the coal product life cycle and mining technologies. It is proposed to evaluate the quality management efficiency by the coefficient of concordance between the product quality and consumer’s demands. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 6, pp. 67–85, November–December, 2008.     

On information-provided monitoring of geodynamic processes in the Kuznetsk Coal Basin in the conditions of highly intensive sub-soil usage

It is shown that formation of hollows in bowels of the Kuznetsk Coal Basin (Kuzbass), induced by opencut and underground mining has reached an intensity of 1.3–1.5 million m³/day. In the conditions of high concentration of mines and open-cuts in small areas, a regional monitoring network is required in view of a generated geomechanical space, hazardous in geodynamic manifestations. A developed information support of this netwoprk is presented, including information models of a geological environment and database obtained from instrumental observations on geomechanical processes. The equations of connection between structural and strength characteristics of rocks, their metamorphization grade and occurrence depth are given for five geological-tectonic zones of the Kuzbass as a way of prediction of their properties. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 5, pp. 40–66, September–October, 2006.     

地下矿用车辆无人驾驶目标路径规划方法研究

针对井下巷道复杂多变的路面条件,将地下矿用车辆无人驾驶目标路径划分为主目标路径和局部避障目标路径,在主目标路径规划时不必考虑局部避障问题,在主目标路径规划完成后,再进行局部避障目标路径规划。建立车辆轨迹跟踪偏差控制模型及动力转向控制模型,通过对模型的仿真计算,可对地下矿用车辆无人驾驶目标路径进行规划及优化。该目标路径规划方法具有简单方便和灵活可靠的优点。     

基于改进混合A*算法的地下无人铲运机智能路径规划

矿山无人铲运机自主定位导航是井下采矿装备智能化程度评价的重要指标，其中路径规划是铲运机自主行走的重要组成部分。而目前井下铲运机的规划路径多以巷道中心线为基础或难以执行，本文提出了一种适用于地下矿采场无人铲运机的混合A*算法进行出矿点到卸矿点的全局路径规划。首先分析了井下铲运机的运动模型，确定其路径规划参考点及车辆本身的数学结构关系，简化路径规划问题复杂度；其次针对铲运机作为非完整约束机器人，从栅格地图中当前点到目标点启发式函数构建以及子节点扩展方法两个方面设计了混合A*算法进行全局路径规划方法；最终采用地下矿采场中常见的五种巷道交岔口场景进行了路径规划试验分析，证明了以Dubins曲线、ReedsShepps曲线以及A*算法的启发式函数值中最大值作为该节点启发式函数的值进行混合A*算法搜索更新较为合理，能得到可以行驶的优化路径。为进一步推进井下铲运机无人化提供了理论基础，保证了规划路径的可执行性。