Effect of the mining sequence on the internal dump capacity in an open pit

The formation regularities of mined-out space in an open pit have been established, and assessment of the mined-out space utilization has been performed for flat-dipping and inclined bedded deposits mined by blocks. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 5, pp. 62–69, September–October, 2007.     

Substantiation of the sequence for opencast mining of a series of flat and inclined strata using the mined-out space for internal dumps

The possibilities of using the mined-out space of opencasts for placing the overburden in internal dumps are studied. It is established that on completion of mining flat and inclined strata there are free capacities in the mined-out space consisting of 40–70% of its volume which are a resource for placing the overburden from other opencasts with substantiation of the sequence of mining large deposits. A complex criterion is suggested that takes account of energy expenditures for mining a deposit and the energy damage caused to the environment. A procedure is given for solving the problem and results are presented of calculations for the Taldinsk and the Tomusinsk deposits. Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk. Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 3, pp. 97–106, May–June, 1999.     

Nature-oriented open coal mining technologies using mined-out space in an open-pit. Part II: A method for selecting rational sequence of mining flat dipping stratified deposits

A method is proposed for selecting a rational mining sequence with internal dumping for flat stratified deposits, using new principles of the open-pit process-space formation and development. The main criteria for substantiating the mining sequence are geometrical form and development direction of the open-pit space, structure of the working wall and transportation network, internal dumping capacities and mining earthworks volumes. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 1, pp. 64–74, January–February, 2007.     

Influence of mining and geological factors on the application range of the blast-free technology during open pit mining

The relationships between the structural weakening coefficient of rocks and the geological, mining and technical factors have been obtained from the statistical analysis of actual data. The provisions for wider application range of the blast-free technology in open pit mining are revealed. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 4, pp. 86–89, July–August, 2007.     

Classification of methods for ore mining at a large depth

The authors analyzed various criteria that are used in different classifications of mining methods and systems. It is shown that today’s complex geomechanical situation of mining at large depths and wide application of mobile machinery to mineral exploitation has brought to nothing the erstwhile practical importance of many geotechnologies. The modern trend-based classification of the underground ore mining methods is proposed. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 6, pp. 47–57, November–December, 2008.     

三维矿业软件在采矿方法优选中的应用

以实际矿山的中段采矿方法优选为例,应用三维矿业软件为基础技术平台,在提出的三种采矿方法中,从安全性、资源利用率、经济效益各个方面对每种采矿方法进行分析。最后根据矿床的赋存特点和空区分布情况,提出了在中部、西部和东部采用不同的采矿方法进行优选组合,使采矿方法在中段开采中优化布置,为矿山安全、高效开采和提高资源利用率奠定了设计依据。     

大面积巷式采空区覆岩破坏机理及上行开采可行性分析

为揭示大面积巷式采空区上覆岩层破坏失稳机理,建立了均布荷载下连续深梁力学结构模型,得出了巷式开采下顶板岩层应力分布规律。立足于顶板岩层结构的力学特性,提出了大面积巷式采空区上方煤层上行开采可行性判定理论及方法,理论计算得出虎龙沟煤矿8号煤层大面积巷式采空区影响高度为8.8 m。利用FLAC2D软件对5号煤层实施上行开采的可行性作进一步论证,研究结果表明：随着开挖条带个数的增多,应力弱化系数等值线的高度不断增加,然而当开挖条带个数大于4个时,应力弱化系数不再增高,得出虎龙沟煤矿8号煤层采空区影响高度为10 m。理论计算和数值模拟均表明8号煤层采空区影响高度小于煤层层间距25~30 m,因此,虎龙沟煤矿大面积巷式采空区上方煤层上行开采是可行的,对类似煤层进行上行开采具有一定的参考价值。     

Underground mining technique selection by multicriterion optimization methods

The authors propose a number of modified versions of well-known multicriterion optimization methods and discuss their application to select an optimal underground chromite mining technique. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No.4, pp. 78–89, July–August, 2008.     

Problems of planning theory for developing bowels with underground mining of ore deposits

A set of problems is considered for planning underground mining of ore deposits. Achievements are noted in domestic mining science in the field of improving planning methods and design parameters for underground mines. Principles in the development of planning theory for mining enterprises at the contemporary level are formulated. Institute of Problems of Complex Development of Bowels, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 3, pp. 80–84, May–June, 1999.     

Modeling of initial stresses and weakening surfaces by finite-element method

Solutions of geomechanical problems in terms of full and additional displacements are compared for the example of the creation of the mined-out space filled with stowing and the construction of a subway tunnel. An approach to modeling the contact interaction of a block massif is proposed. Data on the stress-strain state of rock mass in forming the mined-out spaces close to extended geological disturbances are presented. Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk. Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnichskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 2, pp. 49–59, March–April, 1999.     

Feasibility study of a geotechnology for underground mining at Udachnaya kimberlite pipe under the opencast bottom

The authors offer the optional versions of mining methods and technological schemes for mining at Udachnaya pipe reserves under the opencast bottom. The rational chamber-and-pillar method has been substantiated, considering the complicated mining-geological and geomechanical condition at the deposit. The economical feasibility of the proposed underground mining variants has been evaluated. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 3, pp. 55–67, May–June, 2008.     

Geomechanical estimate of mining conditions at the makmal gold deposit

The paper describes an estimate of the rock stress-strain state for the current mining conditions at the Makmal Gold Deposit. The rock stability in walls of open-mined chambers, in rock projections and in a dividing pillar is determined. The authors have made recommendations to backfill the mined-out space with overburden rocks and to recover pillars with the one-stage block caving technique.     

Substantiation of low-capacity equipment sets for open pit coal mining,considering land use efficiency

Under discussion is the equipment for open pit mining of scarce coal reserves. Methods of overburden dumping are systematized. A new dumping method is offered; it allows reducing land withdrawal by means of utilizing adjacent open pit. The author presents relations for area of internal dumping, considering coefficient of dumping in the adjacent open pit and the volume of the adjacent open pit. The feasibility of overburden placement in mined-out pits is analyzed.     

西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤实践进展

“保水采煤”是应鄂尔多斯盆地北部侏罗纪煤田独特的矿床地质条件而提出,经过多年研究和探索,在基础研究、工程实践等领域取得了大量成果。总结了不同阶段保水采煤研究的最新进展和存在的科学问题。基础研究阶段,查明了煤层与含（隔）水层空间关系、煤层覆岩结构类型,划分了保水采煤地质条件分区,编绘了基于地下水位保护的采煤方法规划图,提出了开采区域评价方法和采煤方法等实现“保水采煤”的途径。在工程实践阶段,以生态水位保护为原则,开展了基于含水层结构保护的充填开采、窄条带开采、限高（分层）开采、短壁机械化开采法、快速推进法等“因地制宜”的保水采煤工程实践,开展了基于岩溶承压含水层结构保护的底板注浆加固保水采煤工程实践;以水资源保护、利用为原则,开展了基于地下水转移储存、采空区储水的保水采煤工程实践。     

New underground mineral mining approaches

The authors offer new solutions for mineral mining. A key idea is the construction of artificial separating masses at the stage of preparing a deposit and its part for exploitation. In terms of the underground mines belonging to “Alrosa“ JSC, “GMK Norilsk Nickel“, it is shown that the implementation of the new approach will prevent mine workings from aggressive water ingress, secure from other negative factors, and will allow the application of highly productive chamber mining schemes. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 5, pp. 89–97, September–October, 2008.     

Geomechanical substantiation of access roads and stope faces in upward mining of the reserves subjacent the open pit bottom in terms of the mine “Aikhal”

Based on the numerical modeling results, the authors have revealed the features of stress state in the vicinity of development and stope workings in the course of the upward slice chamber-and-pillar mining under the open pit bottom in terms of the mine “Aikhal”. The optimal layout of access entries and their mining sequence in a layer are substantiated. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 2, pp. 47–55, March–April, 2008.     

拉么锌矿采空区稳定性及地表陡崖岩移观测的研究

本文简要介绍了拉么锌矿采空区稳定性及地表陡崖岩移观测研究的方法及特点,文中根据井上井下的空间关系和考虑各种影响因素,分析了采矿结构的稳定性;阐述了地下开采引起山体失稳的有效防治措施及监测系统;并提出了空区的处理方案。     

Pietra Serena mining in Fiesole. Part III: Structural-mechanical characterization and mining

The large and deeply exploitated quarry district of the Pietra Serena at Fiesole (Florence, Italy) was worked out through, centuries with no design or any preliminary investigation. In this paper, we characterize the Macigno stratigraphic succession outcropping in the Fiesole hills in terms of geostructural setting and geomechanical properties. We performed stability analysis to verify the safety of slopes of open pits and underground openings, as well as retrospective review of the methods to provide safe environment for Pietra Serena mining. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Polezuykh Iskopaemykh, No. 1, pp. 84–94, January–February, 2006.     

急倾斜煤层开采方案模拟与岩层运移分析

为了解复杂构造情况下开采急倾斜煤层对周围岩体的影响,使用基于颗粒流的PFC3D对开采过程进行了模拟。该煤层赋存于向斜左翼,同时岩体也有水平方向裂隙,且煤层倾角为87°。开采方案分11个周期,开采的模拟深度为240 m。分析了开挖过程中岩体破坏的特点,提出了可能的治理措施。模拟结果表明:40 m宽采空区右侧岩体最稳定;左侧岩体向左倾倒后向右弯曲。30 m宽采空区左侧岩体较稳定;右侧岩体破坏最严重。两采空区中部岩体向左倾倒,导致该部分地表明显沉降。可对30 m宽煤层开采前加固煤层右侧岩体,或对岩体施加水平约束;而40 m宽煤层右侧岩体可以不进行加固。     

Estimate of the rock mass stress state in the course of mining the reserves subjacent the open pit bottom at the “Udachnaya” pipe

Using the mathematical modeling approach, the rock mass stress state is analyzed in the case of the open pit and underground mining of ore reserves of the “Udachnaya” pipe, the stability of the open pit walls and possible failure of the host rocks in the area of second working are estimated. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 4, pp. 25–35, July–August, 2007.