Er3 /Yb3 共掺锗碲酸盐玻璃荧光特性及OH-的影响

制备了Er^3 ／Yb^3 共掺的70TeO2-5LiO2(25-x)B2O3-xGeO2(x=0，5，10，15，20％(mol))系列锗碲酸盐玻璃，测试了其荧光光谱、红外吸收谱以及Er^3 的I13/2能级寿命，并根据McCumber理论计算了E^3 能级中^4I13/2→^4I15/2跃迁的受激发射截面。讨论了OH对此系列玻璃荧光特性的影响。结果表明：此系列玻璃作为掺Er^3 光纤放大器(EDFA)的基质材料具有较好的带宽特性，随着GeO2含量的增加及B2O3含量的减少，Er^3 的荧光强度和^4I13/2能级寿命逐渐提高，OH^-的存在使得Er^3 的荧光强度降低，荧光寿命减小。     

新型掺铒碲酸盐玻璃光谱性质和热稳定性研究

采用高温熔融法制备了掺Er3 :TeO2-B2O3-SiO2-Na2O系列玻璃样品.对样品吸收光谱、发射光谱、差热曲线和Er3 :4I13/2能级的荧光寿命进行了测试和分析.计算得到Er3 的J-O强度参数Ωλ(λ=2,4,6),讨论了SiO2的含量对Er3 在该系列玻璃样品中发光性能的影响.结果表明,SiO2的引入有效提高了玻璃材料的有效发射带宽和热稳定性,有效抑制了材料的荧光上转换效应.同时,计算得到Er3 :4I13/2→4I15/2能级的量子效率为ηmax＝63%.     

铒掺杂钠铝硅玻璃成分对其光谱性质的影响

研究了Na2O含量对Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2(NAS)玻璃的光谱性质的影响。利用Judd-Ofelt(J-O)理论和吸收光谱计算了Er^3 掺杂的铝硅酸盐玻璃的Ωt参数、自发辐射几率和自发辐射寿命，分析了Ωt参数与Na2O含量的关系以及与吸收截面，Er^3 离子^4I13 2能级的自发辐射几率和荧光半峰全宽(FWHM)等性质的关系。随Na2O含量的增加．J-O参数Ωt(t=2，4，6)减小，Er^3 离子1533nm的吸收截面和荧光半峰全宽．Er^3 离子^4I13 2能级的自发辐射几率也减小，而Er^3 离子的荧光寿命增大。     

Er3 掺杂的碲硼酸盐玻璃的上转换光谱性质

研究了70TeO2-（15-x）ZnO-15Na2O-xB2O3-1wt％Er2O3（x=0、4、8、12和mol％）玻璃系统中B2O3的含量对Er^3＋上转换光谱性质的影响。结果表明：随B2O3含量的增加，Fr^31的^4 I11/2能级寿命减小；^4 I11/2→I13/2无辐射跃迁几率增加；Er^3＋的上转换绿光（^4S3/2、^2H11／2→I15/2）和红光（^4F9/2→4I15/2）减弱。基于Er^3＋在975nm波长激发下的上转换机理，建立了^4F7/2、^H11/2（^4S3/2）、^4H9/2、^4 I11/2和^4I13/2。这5个激发态能级的速率方程，结果表明，上转换绿光和红光强度跟^4 I11/2能级的粒子数的平方存在着正比关系。     

掺Er3+碲锌铋酸盐玻璃光谱特性研究

制备了掺铒碲锌铋酸盐玻璃样品84.5TeO2-(15-x)ZnO-xBi2O3-0.5mol% Er2O3(TZB x=0,2,4,6,8,10mol%).测试和分析了玻璃样品的吸收光谱、荧光光谱和4I13/2能级寿命等参数.根据McCumber理论,计算了Er3 受激发射截面(σpeake=(6.31～8.57)×10-21cm2)、并测量了Er3 荧光半高度(FWHM=65～70nm).结果表明:适量Bi2O3(～6mol%)的引入,能较好地改善玻璃样品FWHM,σpeake,4I13/2能级寿命和量子效率等光谱参数.     

纳米晶ZnO:Er3+的光致发光特性

为了探讨稀土Er^3＋与纳米ZnO基质之间的能量传递，利用化学沉淀法制备了纳米ZnO：Er^3＋粉体材料，测量了样品的X射线衍射谱（XRD）、光致发光谱（PL）和激发谱（PLE）。X射线衍射结果表明；ZnO：Er^3＋具有六角纤锌矿晶体结构。室温下，在365nm激发下，在纳米ZnO宽的可见发射背景上，观测到了Er^3＋的激发态^4S3／2（549nm）、^2H11／2（522nm）和^4F5／2（456nm）的特征发射，ZnO：Er^3＋的紫外近带边发射与未掺杂的纳米晶ZnO的近带边发射比较，强度明显减弱，绿光深能级发射略有增强。分析丁稀土Er^3＋的^4S3／2、^2H11／2和^4F5／2激发态发射，证实了纳米ZnO基质与稀土Er^3＋离子之间存在能量传递。     

掺Er~(3+)碲硼酸盐玻璃1.53μm波段荧光强度提高研究

用高温熔融法制备了系列70TeO2-(25-x)B2O3-xGeO2-5Na2O(x=5,10,15和20 mol%)掺Er3+碲硼酸盐玻璃。为提高1.53μm波段的荧光发射强度,测试了玻璃样品的吸收光谱、红外透射谱、1.53μm波段荧光谱及4I13/2能级Er3+荧光寿命,结合Judd-Ofelt(J-O)理论分析了Er3+光谱特性随玻璃组分含量的变化,进而研究了玻璃中OH基对1.53μm波段荧光强度的影响。结果表明,碲硼酸盐玻璃具有较好的宽带荧光谱特性,其有效带宽大于72 nm;随着玻璃中GeO2逐步替代B2O3,1.53μm波段荧光强度相应提高。同时,通过O2鼓泡除水处理,能减少玻璃中OH基含量并减弱4I13/2能级上Er3+到OH基的无辐射能量传递,从而进一步提高了Er3+荧光寿命和1.53μm波段荧光强度。     

Er^3＋掺杂玻璃的1．5μm发射光谱及其带宽

用高温熔融法制备了Er^3 掺杂的氧化物玻璃，研究了Er^3 在11～300K温度范围内对应于^4I13/2→^4I15/2跃迁的1．5μm发射光谱，将^4I13/2多重态中的高能态和最低能态向基态跃迁发射的光谱成分从测量的发射光谱中分离开来，讨论了光谱成分对1．5μm发射带宽的影响。提出了等效四能级模型，并用此模型解释了Er^3 ^4I13/2→^4I15/2辐射跃迁的线形及其变温特性。分析表明，提高^4I13/2多重态中高能态的辐射跃迁几率是获得室温下宽带1．5μm发射的关键。最后，根据Mc Cumber理论，利用吸收光谱变换得到了与测量一致的发射光谱形状及相应的受激发射截面。     

980 nm激发下YLiF4:Er3+,Tm3+,Yb3+中的能量传递过程

利用水热法合成了YLiF4：Er^3＋，Tm^3＋．Yb^3＋，其中Er^3＋、Yb^3-和Tm^3＋的摩尔分数分别为2％、1．5％和2％。在这种共掺杂体系中，在980nm光的激发下，材料的上转换发光为白光，发光峰不仅分别位于665nm（651nm）、552nm（543）、484nm和450nm处，并在648nm处还观察到了一个发光峰，其中最强的发射为红光。蓝光主要来源于Tm^3＋的激发态^1G4到基态^3H6的跃迁，绿光来源于Er^3＋的^4S3/2和^2H11/2到基态^4I15／2的跃迁，红光既来源于Tm^3＋的^1G4→^3F4的跃迁，也来源于Er^3＋的^4F9/2→I15/2的跃迁。不同发射对应的激发光谱略有不同，当用不同波长光激发时，得到的发光不同，由此证明了Tm^3＋和Er^3＋之间存在能量传递，并且这种能量传递增强了红光的发射，降低了绿光的发射。     

Er3+掺杂Bi2O3-B2O3-Ga2O3玻璃光谱性质及热稳定性研究

用高温熔融法制备了Er3 掺杂50Bi2O3-(50-x)B2O3-xGa2O3(x=0,4,8,12,15 mol%)系列玻璃,测试了上述玻璃样品的吸收光谱、荧光光谱、荧光寿命及热稳定性.分别应用Judd-Ofelt理论和McCumber理论计算了Er3 强度参数和受激发射截面.研究发现,当Ga2O3含量在mol 8%时,荧光半高宽(FWHM)、峰值发射截面(σpeak e)和4I13/2能级荧光寿命(τm)均达到了峰值,其FWHM和σpeake分别为81 nm和1.03×10-20cm2.热稳定性则随着Ga2O3含量的增加而改善,析晶开始温度(Tx)和玻璃转变温度(Tg)之间的差值(△T)最高达到了261℃.研究表明,含适当重金属Ga2O3的铋硼酸盐玻璃具有较好的光学性能和热稳定性,适合于作为高增益、低噪声的宽带掺铒光纤放大器的基质材料.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.