低轨卫星信号捕获与跟踪技术综述

低轨(Low Earth Orbit, LEO)卫星互联网相较于地面网络有更大的网络覆盖范围与更强的网络稳定性,有利于实现全球立体无缝网络覆盖,是未来6G网络重要的发展趋势。低轨卫星相较于中高轨卫星具有更高的运行速度,因此,低轨卫星信号具有更大的多普勒频移和动态特性,而低轨卫星信号的高精度捕获与跟踪是低轨卫星通信的基础。随着相控阵天线在低轨卫星和卫星终端上的推广应用,多波束和跳波束技术也为信号的捕获与跟踪带来挑战。从低轨卫星信号互联网的信号特点出发,提出了信号捕获与跟踪过程中的技术挑战,重点阐述了现有捕获与跟踪方法的基本原理与适用范围,探讨了低轨卫星网络中信号捕获与跟踪技术的未来发展方向。     

低轨道卫星CDMA传输系统的射频和中频设计

本文在分析了低轨道卫星传输信道特性的基础上，分析了系统性能指标的要求以及CDMA方式下链路传输方程，提出了一种适合于CDMA低轨卫星传输系统的射频和中频模块的实现方案，并给出了接收机关键参数和有关模块的设计和实现方法。     

《电路与系统学报》2003年(第8卷)总目录

基于分解协调的人工鱼群优化算法研究┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅李晓磊,钱积新1(1)采用基于互补序列分组编码的OFDM系统性能分析与仿真┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅丁敏华,刘元安1(7)基于小波变换的数字信号符号率估计┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅纪勇,徐佩霞 1(12)二维RAKE接收机中一种新的信道矢量估计算法┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅王建明,赵春明 1(16) 低轨卫星CDMA突发通信的信号检测与捕获分析以及基于FPGA的实现┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ ┅┅┅┅┅…     

扩频体制低轨卫星通信信号捕获与跟踪系统设计

针对扩频体制下低轨卫星信号的捕获及跟踪等系统设计实现问题,根据卫星信号模型进行了捕获及跟踪算法设计,重点对基于快速傅里叶变换的快速捕获算法、锁频环、锁相环和码跟踪环路进行了设计,并进行了工程系统实现。试验验证表明,该系统可以实现码分多址体制低轨卫星信号捕获、跟踪处理,工作性能参数满足系统需求。     

低轨星DSSS信号快速捕获技术研究

本文介绍了一种基于非相干的低轨星直接扩频信号快速捕获技术。低轨星高速运动所带来的大多普勒频偏成为制约传统捕获方法的主要因素，导致捕获性能严重恶化，同时低轨星快速的过境时间要求加快信号捕获速度。部分匹配滤波器可在时域快速完成码相位搜索，快速傅里叶变换可在频域完成多普勒频移搜索。相比传统捕获方法，部分匹配滤波器结合快速傅里叶变换的捕获方法可快速完成大范围多普勒频偏搜索，为低轨卫星直扩导航信号的接收提供支撑。     

导航发射信道对双频复用信号质量的影响

在新一代全球导航卫星系统建设中,双频联合恒包络复用技术得到了广泛的应用。由于信号在星上传输过程中会产生失真,所以需要分析不同双频复用信号通过发射信道后的信号质量。首先建立了一个基于实际发射信道的模型,然后主要分析了AltBOC(Alternate Binary Offset Carrier)、TD-AltBOC(Time Division Alternate Binary Offset Carrier)、ACE-BOC(Asymmetric Constant Envelope Binary Offset Carrier)等不同双频复用方案通过发射信道后的功率谱、星座图、鉴相曲线过零点偏差、相关损失。对三种调制方式进行对比,结果表明在考虑捕获灵敏度的情况下,应优先考虑ACE-BOC调制方式。     

基于5G技术的低轨卫星物联网技术

基于5G技术的低轨卫星物联网融合了地面5G技术灵活有效与低轨卫星网络广域覆盖的优势,是实现全球海量物联终端广域连续性泛在接入的必然选择。针对地面5G技术与低轨卫星物联网的融合,对低轨卫星物联网的组成和演进进行了全面概述,论述了技术体制的发展方向;针对低轨卫星物联网信道特性,对多普勒频移补偿技术、低轨卫星长时延信道补偿、卫星物联网随机接入等保证传输时效性和可靠性必须要解决的关键技术进行了适应性分析和设计,为未来低轨卫星物联网的发展提供支撑。     

基于星间激光测距的高轨卫星定位技术研究

针对传统的高轨卫星定位技术存在定位精度低的问题,提出了基于基于星间激光测距的高轨卫星定位技术。在高轨卫星飞行器上安装低噪声激光探测器,借助激光探测器、发射机以及接收器构建星间通信链路,分析接收天线的接收功率与发射天线的发射功率之间的关系,通过激光脉冲传输空间测距与高轨卫星信号捕获接收功率和发射功率获得定位初始数据;再分析星间相对运动和修正电离层误差,得到定位数据的精确解算融合结果。选取精度因子DOP作为评判高轨卫星定位技术的参数,通过仿真实验发现高轨卫星定位技术比传统定位技术的平均DOP值高2.89,由此证明所提定位技术的定位精度更高。     

基于CDMA的小卫星编队组网仿真

使用卫星工具开发包STK5.0(Satellite Tool Kit)和网络仿真软件OPNET Modeler10.0作为开发环境,对在STK设计好的局部小卫星组网进行了仿真,运用码分多址(CDMA)随机接入技术仿真实现了一个低轨小卫星(LEO)编队网络星间链路数据传输模型,并收集和分析了仿真结果.仿真结果验证了CDMA是卫星编队飞行中最优的信道复用技术.     

低轨卫星通信信号捕获方法与实现

低轨卫星通信信号特征码较短,在复杂星地信道条件下捕获难度大,而对低轨卫星通信信号的符号捕获同步是实现可靠通信的必要关键技术.基于此,研究了低轨移动通信卫星信号的捕获方法,并在滑动相关搜索技术的基础上进一步优化算法,增加了延迟共轭和基于快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)的峰均比搜索两种...     

Design study for a CDMA-based LEO satellite network: downlinksystem level parameters

The performance analysis of a new concept of a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) based low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite network for mobile satellite communications is presented and discussed. The starting point was to analyze the feasibility of implementing multisatellite and multipath diversity reception in a CDMA network for LEO satellites. The results are used to specify the design parameters for a system experimental test bed. Due to the extremely high Doppler, which is characteristic of LEO satellites, code acquisition is significantly simplified by using a continuous wave (CW) pilot carrier for Doppler estimation and compensation. The basic elements for the analysis presented are: the channel model, the pilot carrier frequency estimation for Doppler compensation, and multipath and multisatellite diversity combining     

GMSK信号的多普勒频移快捕和跟踪

GMSK信号具有良好的频谱和功率特性,特别适用于功率受限和信道存在非线性、衰落以及多普勒频移的数字卫星移动突发通信系统。本文提出了一种GMSK信号的多普勒频移快捕和跟踪方法。该方法根据突发通信时帧结构的特点,采用独特码和FFT并行处理信号能量检测、帧同步检测和多普勒频移快捕,并采用判决反馈PLL环跟踪多普勒频移的变化。仿真结果表明,多普勒频移在-Rb／2～Rb/2范围内变化时,与理论值相比,采用该方法的准相干解调器误比特率Pb 性能恶化仅为0．3dB。在信息速率Rb=9．6kbps时,多普勒频移速率可达4000Hz／s。     

A Multicarrier CDMA System for Joint Time-Frequency Diversity Using Divided Spreading Sequence

One of the principal disadvantages of multicarrier modulation technique is the sensitivity to the frequency offset introduced by Doppler shift. This frequency offset introduces inter-carrier interference (ICI) among the multiplicity of carriers in the multicarrier modulated signal. However, Doppler spread induced by temporal channel variations can provides another means for diversity. In this paper, we propose a modified multicarrier code division multiple access (CDMA) system to exploit Doppler diversity as well as multipath diversity. The key work of our framework is a canonical time-frequency-based decomposition of the mobile wireless channel into series of independent fading channel. The decomposition naturally leads to a time-frequency generalization of the Rake receiver that exploits both multipath and Doppler diversity.     

大频偏卫星扩频信号的基带处理算法的FPGA实现

多普勒频偏一直是卫星通信中不可忽视的消极因素。针对多路混叠的卫星扩频信号下变频以后所产生的大多普勒频偏,在匹配滤波结构中采取改进的部分相关算法,在基于并行导频的信道估计中根据信道状况改变估计长度,实现了大频偏下卫星扩频信号的基带处理。     

Mobile satellite CDMA system robust to Doppler shift

This paper suggests a dual-channel PSK demodulator for LEO satellite DS/CDMA communications, whose performance is absolutely invariant to time-variant Doppler offset of a carrier and local oscillator instability. The demodulator does not require any preamble (pilot signal) for carrier recovery, differential encoder/decoder, and carrier recovery circuit such as PLL and Costas loop, thereby resulting in high transmission efficiency and system complexity reduction. In a CDMA channel with the demodulator, the transmitted CDMA signal is composed of two orthogonal linear polarized components, which are spread by different spreading codes, and only one of which is modulated by the data stream. At the receiver, one of the two components despread by the corresponding matched-filter is utilized as a pilot reference carrier for the demodulation. Thereby, the Doppler offset is completely eliminated from the received signal since both these components exhibit the same Doppler and local oscillator instability     

CDMA versus FDMA channel capacity in mobile satellite communication

At present a major effort is under way to define the most efficient modulation/multiple access system in mobile satellite communication. Where the emphasis is on digital voice modulation, the proposed multiple access methods almost always imply frequency division multiple access (FDMA). This analysis presents a comparison between FDMA and code division multiple access (CDMA), for the operation of both multiple access methods in the mobile satellite communication environment. The mobile satellites under consideration use multiple-beam or scan-beam antennas and employ frequency reuse of the allocated L-band frequency spectrum. As CDMA is better at absorbing Doppler and multipath effects, and permits higher rate coding, in general (practical considerations aside) it appears to be the more capable system.     

现代通信小卫星技术的发展与对策

本文比较全面地总结了国内外现代小卫星的发展情况,结合在通信小卫星工程项目中的经验与体会,讨论了现代小卫星发展的关键技术,重点研究了通信信道多谱勒频移等问题.最后,对通信小卫星技术在我国的发展应用与对策提出了自己的看法.     

DS-CDMA卫星通信系统线性多用户检测算法性能比较

CDMA是新一代移动通信系统的关键技术,现代卫星移动通信也采用CDMA技术。多址干扰(MAI)的存在严重影响了CDMA系统的性能,需要采用多用户检测技术进行抑制。本文分析了卫星移动通信系统的模型,将线性多用户检测算法用于卫星移动通信系统,并对传统检测器、解相关检测器、MMSE检测器等线性检测器进行了性能比较。计算机仿真结果表明采用线性多用户检测技术使卫星移动通信系统的性能得到了明显的改善。     

Code division multiple access versus frequency division multipleaccess channel capacity in mobile satellite communication

A comparison between frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) and code-division multiple access (CDMA) when both methods operate in the mobile satellite communication environment is presented. The mobile satellites under consideration use multiple beams or scan beam antennas and employ frequency reuse of the allocated L-band frequency spectrum. Because CDMA can better absorb Doppler and multipath effects and permits higher rate coding, it appears in general, with practical considerations set aside, to be the more capable system     

Network Synchronization of an Orthogonal CDMA Satellite Communication System

This paper provides the network synchronization of an orthogonal CDMA geostationary satellite system for fixed service communications. It includes the synchronization procedures, the system architecture and the performance evaluation. The main objective is to provide network wide synchronization of all uplink orthogonal CDMA transmissions. This is achieved in steps; first by providing coarse synchronization using the uplink random access channel and then fine sync using innovative tracking control mechanisms. The uplink access channel receiver utilize a parallel/serial search method for rapid code acquisition, while the code tracking of the uplink orthogonal CDMA traffic channel is based on a delay feedback early-late gate in which the sych control resides in the receiver. The proposed system is designed to minimize the onboard complexity and satisfy the performance requirements. As shown in the performance section, the requirement that all uplink transmissions are synchronized to a reference time within 10% of the chip length can be achieved. In addition, the system analysis determines the design parameters values which optimize performance.