双波长输出KTP光学参量振荡器

随着人眼安全激光器在军事上的广泛应用,光电对抗需要一种能够同时输出一定能量1.5x μm激光和1.06 μm激光的OPO装置.对OPO装置的工作物质、系统结构和各项参数进行设计,并研制出1.57μm激光和1.06 μm双波长非临界相位匹配KTP光学参量振荡器(OPO).使用Nd:YAG激光器1.06 μm激光泵浦,获得12 mJ/Pulse的1.57μm激光和57 mJ/Pulse的1.06μm激光,重复频率为1 Hz,单谐振效率达到15%,光束发散角约为3 mrad.     

中红外高能量输出复合腔抽运光参

报道了采用复合腔技术研究Nd∶YAG
激光抽运LiNbO3 晶体光参量振荡器(OPO)的实验研究结果.得到OPO输出单脉冲平均能量56.4mJ,闲频光(3097nm)脉冲平均能量
22.8mJ, 脉宽8ns,抽运光转换成参量光输出效率46%(重频1Hz～10Hz).测得角度调谐的波长范围是:信频光1479nm～1621nm,闲频光3097nm～3793nm.     

基于ZnGeP2光参量振荡器的长波红外双波段调谐实验研究

文中报道了一种基于ZnGeP₂ (ZGP) 的纳秒宽调谐长波红外光参量振荡器(optical parametric oscillation, OPO)。采用重复频率50 Hz、脉冲宽度小于10 ns的1064 nm基频光泵浦基于Ⅱ类相位匹配KTP的光参量振荡器产生2.1 μm激光,进而泵浦基于Ⅰ类相位匹配的ZGP光参量振荡器产生7~11 μm长波红外输出。通过对ZGP的角度调谐获得了2.815~2.963 μm连续可调谐信号光,对应闲频光波长连续可调谐范围为7.82~9.08 μm。通过泵浦波长调谐的方式,当采用2107.13~2153.95 nm范围内的激光泵浦ZGP-OPO,获得了信号光波长范围为2.624~2.662 μm和2.745~2.956 μm的连续可调谐输出,对应闲频光范围为7.94~9.07 μm和10.20~10.82 μm。闲频光波长为8.03 μm、能量为0.8 mJ时,ZGP-OPO的泵浦光至闲频光转换效率9.4%。     

中红外高能量输出复合腔抽运光参量振荡器

报道了采用复合腔技术研究Nd:YAG激光抽运LiNbO₃晶体光参量振荡器(OPO)的实验研究结果。得到OPO输出单脉冲平均能量56.4mJ,闲频光(3097nm)脉冲平均能量22.8mJ,脉宽8ns,抽运光转换成参量光输出效率46%(重频1Hz～10Hz)。测得角度调谐的波长范围是:信频光1479nm～1621nm,闲频光3097nm～3793nm。     

高转换效率的中红外BaGa_(4)Se_(7)光参量振荡器(特邀)EI北大核心CSCD

为抑制光参量振荡器(Optical Parametric Oscillator,OPO)振荡过程中信号光和闲频光向泵浦光的逆转换,首次采用在L型OPO腔的支路中插入信号光倍频晶体LiB_(3)O_(5)的(简称LBO)的方式,实现了BaGa_(4)Se_(7)(BGSe)OPO闲频光的高转换效率输出,当泵浦激光(1.06μm)能量为115 mJ时,闲频光(3.5μm)能量为16.18 mJ,光光转换效率为14.06%,斜效率为18.4%,这是目前已知1.06μm激光泵浦BGSe OPO最高的转换效率。模拟了不同泵浦能量下L型腔中有无LBO晶体时BGSe OPO腔内的三波波形,并给出了闲频光在实验中的输出波形。与传统OPO腔相比,所提出的L型OPO腔(含倍频晶体)在大能量泵浦条件下抑制了逆转换,可获得更高的闲频光转换效率。     

外腔式KTP光学参量振荡器的实验研究

利用脉冲氙灯抽运的Nd：YAG被动调Q激光器输出的1．06μm激光脉冲泵浦KTP光学参量振荡器,获得脉宽3ns、单脉冲能量30mJ、中心波长1568nm的信号光输出。信号光脉冲宽度（3ns）比抽运光脉冲宽度（12ns）4,得多。实验表明,随着OPO腔长的增加单脉冲输出能量减小,随着抽运光能晕的增加单脉冲输出．能晕增大,...     

高效率宽调谐扇形MgO:PPLN中红外光参量振荡器

3～5μm的中红外激光位于大气窗口，在环境监测、军事、医疗、遥感等诸多领域有着重要的应用。利用纳秒量级的1 064 nm调Q激光器泵浦扇形掺氧化镁周期极化铌酸锂(MgO:PPLN)，设计了一种高效率、宽调谐纳秒中红外激光输出光学参量振荡器(Optical parametric oscillator, OPO)。通过降低泵浦光的重频，有效地减小了OPO的振荡阈值，在10 kHz的泵浦重频下，OPO阈值为0.4 W。在泵浦功率为4.68 W，晶体极化周期为30.47μm的条件下，获得了0.833 W的3.4μm中红外激光输出，对应的光光转换效率为17.8%。实验研究了不同极化周期下的输出波长，实验结果与理论模拟值较为吻合。通过横向移动MgO:PPLN晶体改变其极化周期，在31.05～28.8μm的调节范围内获得了1 440.7～1607.0 nm的信号光及3 171.1～4 088.1 nm的闲频光输出，其中信号光的脉宽约为8.1 ns。     

高重频1.57 μm内腔光学参量振荡器

理论分析了被动调Q固体激光泵浦的光参量振荡器。利用激光二极管泵浦，Cr4+:YAG被动调Q Nd:YAG激光泵浦的内腔光学参量振荡器，磷酸氧钛钾(KTP)晶体作为非线性晶体，获得了高重复频率，高峰值功率的人眼安全激光输出，改变Cr4+:YAG被动调Q晶体的参数，可获得不同重频不同脉宽的调Q激光脉冲；当Cr4+:YAG晶体初始透过率为 T0=80%时，获得了平均功率大于3.8 W，重频约80 kHz的1.572 μm波长信号光输出，脉宽30 ns，脉冲峰值功率达到1.58 kW。     

高重频声光调Q Nd:YVO4激光器2.1μm光参量振荡器

采用LD端面抽运Nd:YVO4激光器,在声光Q开关重复频率为50 kHz、LD最大泵浦功率50 W时,获得输出功率26.37 W、脉冲宽度26.28 ns的1 064 nm激光输出。通过该系统抽运键合KTP外腔式光参量振荡器(OPO),当LD泵浦电流24 A、对应1 064 nm泵浦功率7.36 W时,实现了重频50 kHz的2.174 m脉冲激光输出,激光平均输出功率为324 mW,激光脉宽为17.8 ns。同时,通过实验分析了不同输出镜透过率和声光调Q激光重频对1.064 m和2.1 m激光输出功率、脉宽的影响。最后通过理论值与实验测量值的对比得出,两组数据基本吻合,且2.1 m输出功率未出现饱和。     

高能量LD泵浦Nd∶YAG板条激光器

为了获得高能量532 nm激光输出,利用电光调Q晶体LN,通过调Q同步驱动技术和LD侧面泵浦板条技术,获得高能量窄脉宽1.06 μm激光输出,泵浦非线性晶体KTP进行频率变换,实现高能量532 nm激光输出。在电源输入电流120 A、调Q驱动频率10 Hz的条件下,获得264 mJ的1.06 μm激光。利用该1.06 μm激光泵浦KTP获得最高能量为185 mJ的532 nm 绿光激光输出,1.06 μm到532 nm的转化效率为70%。实验结果表明:通过电光调Q技术和LD侧面泵浦技术,可以实现高能量窄脉宽1.06 μm激光输出,泵浦KTP可获得高能量绿光激光输出。     

聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑发光及其器件制备

采用光谱技术,研究了聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑(PBO)溶液的光敏发光特性,并用相对法估算出溶液发光效率在50%范围.结合光谱技术、半导体电学和电化学等研究手段,具体研究了以PBO为发光层的单层电致发光器件,研究结果显示,电致发光与薄膜的光致发光有具有相同的发光中心,峰值位于510 nm左右.同时发现,由于存制备过程中不同处理条件使得不同厚度薄膜残留的掺杂物质浓度不同,从而引起薄膜的导电性的不同.使得器件的阈值场强随PBO厚度的减小而逐渐增加.     

系统级封装新型埋入式电源滤波结构的研究

在高密度小尺寸的系统级封装(SiP)中,对供电系统的完整性要求越来越高,多芯片共用一个电源网路所产生的电压抖动除了会影响到芯片的正常工作,还会通过供电网路干扰到临近电路和其他敏感电路,导致芯片误动作,以及信号完整性和其他电磁干扰问题.这种电压抖动所占频带相当宽,几百MHz到几个GHz的中频电源噪声普通方法很难去除.结合埋入式电容和电源分割方法的特点,提出一种新型高性能埋入式电源低通滤波结构直接替代电源/地平面.研究表明,在0.65～4GHz的频带内隔离深度可达-40～75 dB,电源阻抗均在0.25ohm以下,实现了宽频高隔离度的高性能滤波作用.分别用电磁场和广义传输线两种仿真器模拟,高频等效电路模型分析这种低通滤波器的工作原理以及结构对隔离性能的影响,并进行了实验验证.     

Emerging interconnects: a state-of-the-art review and emerging solutions

Aluminium was a primary material for interconnection in integrated circuits (ICs) since their inception. Later, copper was introduced as interconnect material which has better metallic conductivity and resistance to electromigration. As the aggressive technology scaling continues, the copper resistivity increased because of size effects, which causes increase in delay, power dissipation and electromigration. The need to reduce the resistor-capacitor??????? delay, dynamic power utilisation and the crosstalk commotion is as of now the fundamental main impetus behind the presentation of new materials. The purpose of this paper is to do a survey of interconnect material used in IC from introduction of ICs to till date. This paper studies and reviews new materials available for interconnect application which are optical interconnects, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and silicon nanowires which are alternatives to copper. While doing a survey of interconnect material, it is found that multiwalled CNTs, multilayer GNR and mixed CNT bundles are promising candidates and are ultimate choice that can strongly address the problems faced by copper but on integration basis copper would last for coming years.     

Arsenic deposition as a precursor layer on silicon (211) and (311) surfaces

We investigate the properties of arsenic (As) covered Si(211) and Si(311) surfaces by analyzing data from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) images. We then create a model using total surface energy calculations. It was found that both Si(211) and Si(311) had 0.68±0.08 surface As coverage. Si(211) had 0.28±0.04 Te coverage and Si(311) had 0.24±0.04 Te coverage. The Si(211) surface replaces the terrace and trench Si atoms with As for a lower surface energy, while the Si edge atoms form dimers. The Si(311) surface replaces all terrace atoms and adsorbs an As dimer every other edge site. These configurations imply an improvement in the mean migration path from the bare silicon surface by allowing the impinging atoms for the next epitaxial layer, tellurium (Te), to bind at every other pair of edge atoms, and not the step terrace sites. This would ensure a nonpolar, B-face growth.     

光子晶体微腔发光二极管

光子晶体微腔因其具有增强自发辐射、定向输出和单模工作的能力而受到广泛关注。介绍了光子晶体微腔发光二极管的基本原理、设计、特性、制作及其典型器件。     

用于单光子TOF测量的时间-幅度变换器

基于新型共源共栅电流源的积分方法,设计了一种用于单光子飞行时间(TOF)测量的时间-幅度变换器(TAC)。该方法有效简化了TAC电路结构,减小了TAC占用面积,显著提高了TOF的满量程范围(FSR)。采用0.18 μm标准CMOS工艺设计。集成TAC的单光子探测器像素单元的填充因子可达到26.8%。后仿真结果表明,该TAC在120 ns的FSR内具有230 ps的定时分辨率,微分非线性(DNL)低于0.05 LSB,积分非线性(INL)低于1.1 LSB。蒙特卡洛仿真表明,512个TAC像素间的不均匀性低于0.5 %。该TAC非常适用于高密度时间相关的单光子计数(TCSPC)探测器阵列。     

Comparative study of maximum power point tracking techniques for hybrid renewable energy system

The power generation demand is increasing day-by-day throughout the world, therefore, the use of hybrid systems becomes a significant solution. The hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is used for delivering power in various regions in order to overcome intermittence of wind and solar resources. Because of increasing environmental problems, for example, greenhouse gas emission and energy cost have interested novel research into substitute methods in favour of electrical power generation. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control method is a vast deal of novel research used for enhancing the efficiency of HRES. The authors have revealed that the hybrid techniques i.e. Global MPPT, fuzzy-neuro systems, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Perturbed and Observe (P&O) + Adaptive Neural Network (ANN) etc. can provide best results as compared to other MPPT control methods. This paper offering a state of art review of MPPT control techniques for HRES.     

Joint estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB system using a successive propagator method

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging and positioning require accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA). With receiver of two antennas, both of the TOA and DOA parameters can be estimated via two-dimensional (2D) propagator method (PM), in which the 2D spectral peak searching, however, renders much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive PM algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak searching. The proposed algorithm firstly gets the initial TOA estimates in the two antennas from the propagation matrix, then utilises successively one-dimensional (1D) local searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas, and finally obtains the DOA estimates via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm, which only requires 1D local searches, can avoid the high computational cost in 2D-PM algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired parameters and has better joint TOA and DOA estimation performance than conventional PM algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and matrix pencil algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close parameter estimation to that of 2D-PM algorithm. We have also derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in this paper. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

一种基于分段CRC的LDPC译码的改进算法

级联多个循环冗余校验(CRC)的LDPC译码算法有效地改善了译码的收敛特性。然而在其译码算法中,当CRC检测的整体漏检概率不够低时,出现误码平台。因此,该文提出了改进算法,通过减少在译码算法中CRC检测的次数,降低整体漏检概率,提高了误码性能。仿真表明改进的算法提高了误码性能,译码复杂度也增加不大。     

多孔硅发光机制的分析

从量子力学的基本理论出发讨论了量子限制效应，推导出多孔硅有效禁带宽度增量并用量子限制效应和表面态及其物质在发光中作用的理论解释了ＰＳ光致发光的实验现象。