星载SAR实时成像处理器的FPGA实现

本文提出了一种用FPGA实现星载合成孔径雷达实时成像处理器的方法,用来实现星载SAR的CS算法(或RMA算法).该实时成像处理器由7片Xilinx公司的商业FPGA实现,其中4片作为并行的处理单元;一片为CS因子的生成单元;一片为SDRAM控制单元;一片为系统的控制单元.该系统将流水处理和并行处理相结合,从而极大的减少了处理时间.同时根据算法各运算对数据的精度要求不同,将浮点运算和定点运算结合在一块,减少了硬件开销.该系统工作在100MHz时,33秒左右能完成16k*16k星载样本点的成像,并对加拿大Radarsat的雷达原始信号进行成像处理,成像质量能达到要求.     

高效机载SAR实时成像处理系统设计

针对实际中机载SAR成像的运动误差问题,提出基于子孔径分割的高效机载SAR运动补偿算法,其中成像采用线频调变标(Chirp Scaling,CS)算法。同时设计基于FPGA+DSP的实时信号处理系统,并通过合理的数据流控制,运算资源分配和任务分配,将实时成像算法高效可靠地映射到实时信号处理器内。仿真和外场成像实验都验证了该SAR实时成像处理算法和系统的有效性及可靠性。     

分块自适应量化算法的仿真和实现

介绍了分块自适应量化(BAQ)算法的基本原理,结合机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)原始数据,对其分布特性、均值、量化信噪比等进行了分析,给出了3bitBAQ的压缩仿真和解码成像,并对原始数据、3bitBAQ压缩结果进行了成像比较。研究了该算法在FPGA内的实现方法。     

机载高分辨聚束式SAR实时成像处理系统的FPGA实现

该文设计并实现了一个基于FPGA的机载高分辨聚束式SAR实时成像系统。该系统基于经典极坐标算法,在2维波束域完成运动误差估计及补偿,获得了良好聚焦的图像。文中详细阐述了将算法映射到FPGA实现的设计过程,给出了硬件系统平台的构成,并对系统资源、运算速度和成像结果进行了分析。在对实测机载聚束式SAR数据进行实时处理的实验中,FPGA工作在100 MHz时,该系统11 s内可完成1638432768点8位数据的成像处理。良好的实时成像结果验证了该系统的有效性和可靠性。     

按频率抽取的基4FFT算法在FPGA中实现

雷达成像的数据处理运算量非常巨大，要达到准实时甚至全实时的成像处理速度，就需要高性能的处理设备。结合自己的工程实践，介绍了按频率抽取的基4 FFT算法在FPGA器件中的实现。基于高速FPGA的SAR实时信号处理机是该系统的核心部分，这方面的研究国内才刚刚起步，该文的工作对SAR雷达系统的硬件实现具有重要意义，为SAR实时成像处理提供了一条有效途径，具有良好的应用前景，此技术的实现在实时信号处理领域也具有重要意义。     

基于DDR2 SDRAM的SAR成像转置存储器的FPGA实现

转置存储器(CTM)是合成孔径雷达(SAR)实时处理器的一个重要组成部分,本文提出了在基于FPGA和DDR2 SDRAM的实时成像系统中CTM的设计方法,详述了其功能和设计思想,并使用ALTERA的EP2S60F1020C5 FPGA和SAMSUNG的M378T6553CZ3 DDR2 SDRAM进行了实现和验证,同时给出了设计与实现中应注意的若干问题.     

扫描SAR成像中SPECAN算法的FPGA实现

为满足扫描成像合成孔径雷达( SAR)系统小型化和低功耗的迫切需求,给出一种频谱分析( SPECAN)算法的现场可编程逻辑门阵列( FPGA)实现,整个成像流程被划分为多个时分的阶段并分配到可复用的运算单元和控制逻辑中,并且提出一种基于FPGA的优化处理结构,将所有的信号处理功能集成在单片FPGA中。在实验与验证部分,通过FPGA处理结果与MATLAB运算结果的对比,以及实际成像试验结果表明了设计正确性和结构的工程实用性,适用于机场跑道、汽车高速公路的检测和定位。     

微型SAR成像量化显示的FPGA实现

针对微型合成孔径雷达(SAR)实时成像处理机高性能、小体积、低功耗的特点和要求,提出了一种基于FPGA实现微型SAR成像灰度量化、显示驱动的设计方案.采用StratixⅡ EP2S180开发板为设计平台,并自行设计了SDRAM和VGA软核控制器.硬件实现了SAR成像压缩后的16bit数据量化为8bit灰度值,成功驱动VGA接口实时显示SAR灰度图像.     

基于降斑处理的SAR图像实时压缩系统

为了对SAR图像进行实时压缩和本地存储,基于FPGA和ADV212芯片,利用空域增强Lee滤波算法,设计实现了SAR图像实时降斑压缩系统。测试结果表明,在降斑处理基础上,系统能对大数据量SAR图像进行压缩,产生JPEG2000格式码流,满足实时性、压缩模式和压缩比可选的要求,可支撑目标探测、区域监控等任务应用。     

星载SAR实时成像处理器预处理器的FPGA实现

讨论了合成孔径雷达(SAR)实时成像处理器预处理的算法,提出了一种基于FPGA的星载SAR成像处理器预处理器实现方案,并给出了详细的硬件实现。该方案将距离向预处理和方位向预处理集成在一片XQR2V1000芯片内实现,有效地减小了系统的体积和重量,增加了可靠性,同时考虑到星上环境对器件选择的限制。该方案是星载SAR实时成像处理器预处理器的一种可行的实现途径。     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.