一种广义分布式多小区架构--群小区

为了更好地适应如空时码、联合发送、多入多出等未来移动通信系统核心技术的应用，满足第三代移动通信系统（3G）的多媒体业务对通信链路质量越来越高的要求。需要探讨全新的移动通信小区与网络拓扑结构。广义分布式多小区架构可以适应先进的多天线技术，并有效地解决由于载频提高导致的频繁切换问题。基于该架构的新型切换策略——群切换可以消除小区边缘效应，而进一步将群切换思想应用于3G系统的快速小区组选择方案可以大幅度地提高小区边缘用户的数据速率。     

分布式虚拟群小区中的接入控制

分布式多天线结构的虚拟群小区系统成为未来无线系统的一种解决方案。该系统具有灵活的组织结构,在增加频谱效率、提高通信质量上具有巨大潜力,并且能为各种新技术的采用提供广阔的发展空间。该文采用Markov链逼近的方法分析多天线情况下虚拟群小区系统的系统性能,对于基于干扰的接入控制策略下的系统阻塞率,切换失败率等给出了数值结果。研究结果表明分布式多天线系统有效地提高了上行系统性能。     

广义蜂窝网络结构及切换模式-群小区及群切换

当前研制开发新一代移动通信系统已经被提上议事日程，如超三代(Beyond 3G)或被称之为第四代移动通信系统(4G)概念的提出及相关技术的研究现已成为国际性的研究热点．多输入多输出(MIMO)系统由于在增加频谱效率、提高通信质量上的巨大潜力及其组织结构的灵活性，并且能为各种新技术的采用提供广阔的发展空间，而成为未来移动通信系统设计中广被看好的架构．基于该架构，针对蜂窝组网结构在小区面积减小时会导致的频繁切换问题．本文提出一种全新的组网策略——群小区(group cell)，以及基于该组网结构的新型切换策略——群切换(group handover)．本文详细地介绍了群小区和群切换基本原理．并用较大的篇幅指出了它所面临的问题和研究方向．     

分布式无线移动通信系统中远端天线单元动态选择方法研究

分布式无线移动通信系统是由多个远端天线单元(RAU)通过有线或无线传输方式连接到基站组成的系统,其远端天线单元的选择方案将影响移动通信系统的性能。该文在分析移动通信系统容量、信号传输可靠性和系统传输业务质量(QoS)保障的基础上,研究动态选择RAU的基本准则,探讨分布式无线移动通信系统中RAU的动态选择方法,并在蜂窝小区场景和曼哈顿场景中对一种面向系统容量优化的动态选择RAU方法的系统容量分布和RAU数量的选择结果进行仿真, 仿真结果表明,采用此动态选择方法的系统具有较高的系统容量和平稳的小区容量分布。     

移动通信中的智能天线技术

文章首先介绍了智能天线技术中的基本概念及其在移动通信系统中的发展和应用,然后说明了在移动通信系统中,应用智能天线技术可以提高系统的性能和容量,并可以简化系统控制。在此基础上,文章分别介绍了切换智能天线中预置波束的设计方法和自适应天线阵列中的经典自适应算法,并简介了目前智能天线技术的发展现状。     

分布式多天线技术研究

在基于多输入多输出-正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)技术的下一代宽频无线通信系统中,为了提高频谱利用率,一般采用同频组网,这就在小区边缘引入了同频干扰,影响了系统覆盖范围、容量以及边缘用户的切换体验。分布式多天线系统可以有效地解决上述问题,它通过拉远天线的距离,充分利用多输入多输出(MIMO)技术的空间分集和宏分集优势,通过集中式的预编码、用户调度、功率控制等策略较好地控制基站内不同小区间的干扰,尤其适合于增强数据热点地区的覆盖,减少用户的切换次数,提升小区边缘用户的服务质量。     

基于分布式天线系统的虚拟小区研究

在无线用户增多,而无线通信小区不能再微小化的情况下,提出了在分布式天线系统中构建虚拟小区,介绍了虚拟小区重组与切换过程及功率控制下的无线接入与信道分配策略。最后仿真了虚拟小区的系统性能,结果表明虚拟小区有较高的通信速率,虚拟小区网络可以服务更多用户,适用于密集用户的无线局域网通信。     

分布式无线电和蜂窝移动通信网络结构

研究了分布式无线电在蜂窝移动通信网络中的应用，在分析蜂窝移动通信系统和相关技术发展趋势的基础上，针对未来蜂窝移动通信系统将使用多人多出天线(MIMO)、多载波传输技术、光纤无线电技术、移动IP协议和2GHz以上的工作频点进行网络构架等需求，探讨一种新型的广义小区式蜂窝移动通信网络结构、无线资源管理模型和切换算法，     

分布式虚拟小区网络及其反向链路容量分析

本文提出了一种新的无线系统结构:基于分布式天线的分布式虚拟小区网络.在新型无线系统结构里,虚拟小区可自主移动与改变面积,这有益于容量提高,给无线资源管理带来诸多方便;其次,在不考虑阴影效应和多径衰落的情况下,对虚拟小区的反向容量进行了理论计算分析,并与分布式天线系统进行了对比.理论分析证明,虚拟小区可以降低用户发射功率,从而减少多用户干扰,提高系统容量.     

智能天线技术及其对TD-SCDMA系统网络规划的影响

文章在介绍智能天线技术基本原理、主要形式及其在第三代移动通信TD-SCDMA系统中的应用的基础上，主要从网络规划的角度，分覆盖距离和系统容量两个方面讨论了智能天线技术给TD-SCDMA系统带来的影响。分析计算和仿真结果表明，在相同条件下，采用智能天线技术可以显著的增加TD-SCDMA系统的小区覆盖面积，大幅度的提高系统容量。     

In cellular telephone, complexity works

The composition and operation of cellular telephone systems are described. The problems experienced by mobile, automobile-based receivers are discussed. Frequency reuse, which is what provides the high capacity of cellular systems, is examined. A unique feature of the cellular system, the handoff concept, whereby the system can take an ongoing call on one channel and hand it off to another channel when the mobile unit leaves a cell and enters a new one, is discussed. The factors that determine cell size are explained. Requirements for receiving with portable units are considered     

Wideband DS-CDMA for next-generation mobile communications systems

Wideband wireless access based on direct sequence code division multiple access aimed at third-generation mobile communications systems is reviewed. W-CDMA is designed to flexibly offer wideband services which cannot be provided by present cellular systems, with various data rates as high as 2 Mb/s. The important concept of W-CDMA is the introduction of intercell asynchronous operation and the pilot channel associated with individual data channels. Intercell asynchronous operation facilitates continuous system deployment from outdoors to indoors. Other technical features of W-CDMA include fast cell search under intercell asynchronous operation, fast transmit power control, coherent spreading code tracking, a coherent RAKE receiver, orthogonal multispreading factor forward link, and variable-rate transmission with blind rate detection. The introduction of the data-channel-associated pilot channel allows W-CDMA to support interference cancellation and adaptive antenna array techniques that can significantly increase the link capacity and coverage. This article presents the radio link performance evaluated by computer simulation. Field experiment radio link performance results are also presented     

Dynamic Self-Optimization of the Antenna Tilt for Best Trade-off Between Coverage and Capacity in Mobile Networks

One major factor influencing the coverage and capacity in mobile networks is related to the configuration of the antennas and especially the antenna tilt angle. By utilizing antenna tilt, signal reception within a cell can be improved and interference radiation towards other cells can be effectively reduced, which leads to a higher signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio received by the users and increased sum data rate in the network. In this work, a method for capacity and coverage optimization using base station antenna electrical tilt in mobile networks is proposed. It has the potential to improve network performance while reducing operational costs and complexity, and to offer better quality of experience for the mobile users. Our solution is based on the application of reinforcement learning and the simulation results show that the algorithm improves significantly the overall data rate of the network, as compared to no antenna tilt optimization. The analysis in this paper focuses on the downlink of the cellular system. For the simulation experiments a multicellular and sectorized mobile network in an urban environment and randomly distributed user terminals are considered. The main contribution in this work is related to the development of a learning algorithm for automated antenna tilting.     

移动通信小区覆盖技术的发展

从如何提高频率利用率和改善无线覆盖效果角度出发。对现有典型小区覆盖方式以及相关技术进行了回顾,并就这些技术在频率利用率,改善无线覆盖等方面的效果及基局限性进行了分析,基于分析结果及未来移动通信发展要求,提出 未来小区智能化发展趋势和对有关技术相应的要求。     

An expert system approach for cellular CDMA

The demand for cordless communication has forced suppliers to exploit digital technology to satisfy the increasing demand for service. This demand has led to severe capacity limitations in many areas and spread spectrum techniques are being considered as one means to support these services. It is generally accepted that system control in the future will make use of intelligent processors. In this study we delineate an expert system to be used as an intelligent controller for a cell site working in a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) mobile cellular telecommunications system. An existing AI shell is used for program development and simulation and the results are discussed in terms of the benefits obtained by using an expert system approach in the highly dynamic environment of cellular mobile communications     

Predictive Reservation for Handover Optimization in Two-Tier Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

The mobile network operators seek ways to increase their capacity and coverage in order to be able to deliver high quality services even under surging mobile broadband demand. The deployment of femtocells is the most efficient, economical and technically feasible approach to achieve this goal. However, a two-layered femtocell/macrocell heterogeneous networks where users can handover from a femtocell to the overlaid macrocell requires innovative traffic management techniques. While call handover from a femtocell to a macrocell can be easily implemented based on already known procedures, on the other hand, the handover towards a femtocell is more challenging. More specifically, due to the limited bandwidth available at each femtocell, it is not spectrally efficient to use a typical guard channel scheme in order to prioritize handover calls over new calls. Therefore, in this paper we introduce a dynamic pre-reservation scheme, which is based on the predictive channel reservation concept and adjusts dynamically the reserved resources. We show both analytically and by simulation that the proposed scheme can be efficiently applied to a two-layered femtocell/macrocell heterogeneous mobile network.     

The coverage-capacity tradeoff in multiservice WCDMA cellular systems with serial interference cancellation

The uplink coverage and capacity of CDMA cellular systems with the conventional single user detector receiver are interference limited. Particularly, during the roll-out phase, the coverage of a CDMA system is uplink limited. Hence, using serial interference cancellation (SIC) at the base station is a low cost option to improve the overall performance. Considering the typical quality of service requirements of mixed services, i.e. voice and data, a new hybrid receiver structure for interference cancellation is proposed. In order to perform system level analysis, the calculation of signal-to-interference ratios is extended to the case of multiple service classes with various SIC receiver structures. Given this tooling, the optimum powers of the mobile stations are derived as a function of various system and design parameters. This enables an accurate calculation of the intracell and intercell interference. Based on this, analytical expressions are derived for the coverage-capacity tradeoff. Results show significant performance gains in terms of user capacity and cell coverage by using SIC receivers including the proposed hybrid structure that meets the delay and complexity requirements of the different service classes.     

Integrated cellular and ad hoc relaying systems: iCAR

Integrated cellular and ad hoc relaying systems (iCAR) is a new wireless system architecture based on the integration of cellular and modern ad hoc relaying technologies. It addresses the congestion problem due to unbalanced traffic in a cellular system and provides interoperability for heterogeneous networks. The iCAR system can efficiently balance traffic loads between cells by using ad hoc relaying stations (ARS) to relay traffic from one cell to another dynamically. This not only increases the system's capacity cost effectively, but also reduces the transmission power for mobile hosts and extends system coverage. We compare the performance of the iCAR system with conventional cellular systems in terms of the call blocking/dropping probability, throughput, and signaling overhead via analysis and simulation. Our results show that with a limited number of ARSs and some increase in the signaling overhead (as well as hardware complexity), the call blocking/dropping probability in a congested cell and the overall system can be reduced     

Cellular communications using aerial platforms

This paper is devoted to the study of cellular communications using aerial platforms (APs). A set of key equations is derived that quantify the coverage area on the ground as a function of AP elevation, the operation of the adaptive multibeam antenna on the AP, and the formulation of contiguous terrestrial cells and their shapes. Specifically, we consider the deployment of an AP to provide terrestrial mobile radio communications using the universal mobile telecommunication system operating in its wide-band code-division multiple-access mode. Calculations are made of the number of users versus E_b/N₀ for different service rates. Multitiered cellular structures having cells of different size that are steerable with the offered teletraffic are examined. The array structure to achieve this is identified. The preliminary results shows that an AP at a height of 21 km covers an area of radius 517 km. Up to 21 users per cell with a service rate of 8 kb/s can be accommodated in the 3.2-GHz band. These services can be provided within an area of radius 70 km with transmitted powers of less than 1 W. High system capacity is proved to be possible by constructing cells of radius as small as 100 m using square planar arrays with dimensions of less than 12 m ×12 m. The AP system provides high capacity and Doppler frequency shifts that only originate from roving mobiles     

群小区架构规模大小的最优化选择

群小区的概念是基于多天线系统构架、针对蜂窝组网结构在小区面积减小时会导致的频繁切换问题而提出的。为了分析群小区架构的规模即所包括小区天线数目的最优化选择问题,首先以平均接收功率为标准建立了一个代价模型,通过求解分析给出了群小区规模大小的选择准则;然后分别以平均接收功率或平均接收信干比为衡量准则,并且增加了一个中断概率衡量指标,通过仿真分析给出了群小区规模大小的选择准则。最后根据分析结果,针对移动通信系统不同的性能指标要求,给出了群小区规模大小的最优化选择结果。