一种基于提升方案小波和小波块的图像水印算法

数字水印技术是多媒体信息安全领域的一个重要研究课题。文章提出一种基于提升方案小波和小波块的图象水印算法。首先，利用提升方案小波对宿主图像和水印图像进行分解，同时利用小波系数的树结构，将宿主图像的小波系数块按纹理密度分成两类，并根据嵌入位置所隶属的小波块的纹理强弱，嵌入不同强度的水印信息，这在一定程度上保证了所嵌入水印在不可见性前提下的极大鲁棒性。实验结果验证了所提出算法的有效性。     

A robust blind watermarking method using quantization of distance between wavelet coefficients

In this paper, we propose a robust blind watermarking algorithm based on quantization of distance among wavelet coefficients for copyright protection. We divide wavelet coefficients into some blocks and obtain the first, second, and third maximum coefficients in each block. Then, we quantize the first and second maximum coefficients according to binary watermark bits. Using the block-based watermarking, we can extract the watermark without using the original image or watermark. The algorithm as a watermarking system has appropriate performance due to imperceptibility. In addition, experimental results also show that the proposed method is quite robust under either non-geometry or geometry attacks.     

基于DCT的大容量二值水印嵌入新算法

传统的基于DCT变换的二值水印嵌入算法通常是在分块系数矩阵中选择一对中频系数实现1bit水印信息的嵌入,水印嵌入容量有限,为提高载体图像的安全性,提出了一种新的基于DCT的大容量二值水印嵌入算法.本算法首先对二值水印图像进行Arnold置乱加密处理,其次对所选取的载体图像进行分块DCT变换,然后选择4个中频系数进行排序,充分利用两两之间的3个差值关系实现水印的嵌入.若待嵌入水印位为0,通过改变系数值使得差值大于或等于阈值A,若待嵌入水印位为1,通过改变系数值使得差值等于阈值B,最终使得每块选择4个系数值实现了3bit二值水印信息的嵌入,水印嵌入容量大大优于传统方法.仿真实验表明,本算法实现了大容量水印的嵌入与提取且抵抗图像裁剪、图像加噪、JPEG压缩等攻击效果较好.     

基于自嵌入鲁棒双水印的图像认证算法

通过构造鲁棒零水印并鲁棒的嵌入到图像自身来实现完全盲检测的鲁棒水印方案,从而完成数字图像的全盲版权认证。首先利用整数小波变换构造鲁棒零水印:将原始图像进行三级整数小波变换,并将变换后获取的第三级低频子带(LL3)系数二值化来构造鲁棒零水印。然后利用一种基于奇异值分解(SVD,singular value decomposition)的鲁棒水印方案,将构造的鲁棒零水印嵌入到图像小波变换域低频子带(LL1)的分块奇异值分解的U矩阵的系数中。利用超混沌系统设计了随机置乱和加密方案。在鲁棒嵌入之前,先将二值零水印进行置乱分散并加密,增强了方案的鲁棒性和构造水印安的全性。实验结果证明了所提出的方案的有效性。     

Watermarking scheme of colour image based on chaotic sequences

The proposed perceptual mask is based on the singularity of cover image and matches very well with the properties of the human visual system. The cover colour image is decomposed into several subbands by the wavelet transform. The watermark composed of chaotic sequence and the covert image is embedded into the subband with the largest energy. The chaos system plays an important role in the security invisibility and robustness of the proposed scheme. The parameter and initial state of chaos system can directly influence the generation of watermark information as a key. Moreover, the watermark information has the property of spread spectrum signal by chaotic sequence to improve the invisibility and security of watermarked image. Experimental results and comparisons with other watermarking techniques prove that the proposed algorithm is effective and feasible, and improves the security, invisibility and robustness of watermarking information.     

Hiding digital watermarks using multiresolution wavelet transform

In this paper, an image accreditation technique by embedding digital watermarks in images is proposed. The proposed method for the digital watermarking is based on the wavelet transform. This is unlike most previous work, which used a random number of a sequence of bits as a watermark and where the watermark can only be detected by comparing an experimental threshold value to determine whether a sequence of random signals is the watermark. The proposed approach embeds a watermark with visual recognizable patterns, such as binary, gray, or color image in images by modifying the frequency part of the images. In the proposed approach, an original image is decomposed into wavelet coefficients. Then, multi-energy watermarking scheme based on the qualified significant wavelet tree (QSWT) is used to achieve the robustness of the watermarking. Unlike other watermarking techniques that use a single casting energy, QSWT adopts adaptive casting energy in different resolutions. The performance of the proposed watermarking is robust to a variety of signal distortions, such as JPEG, image cropping, sharpening, median filtering, and incorporating attacks     

基于图像内容的脊波变换域数字水印模型和算法研究

在研究人类视觉(HVS)特性的基础上提出了一种在脊波变换域基于图像内容的数字水印模型。在此模型中,嵌入数字水印的强度归结于数字图像脊波系数的视觉掩盖效应,文中建立了脊波变换域人眼临界可见误差模型。图像的水印检测被归结为Neymann-PeaLrson准则下的统计模型,该模型被用来估算水印检测的最优阈值。作为算例,将临界可见误差模型结合扩展谱技术,提出了一种新颖的图像自适应水印算法,并给出了相应的实验结果。实验表明算法性能大幅度提高。     

一种嵌入可读水印的自适应盲水印算法

本文提出了一种基于DWT的嵌入可读水印的自适应盲水印算法,通过分析图像经离散小波变换后细节子带系数的特性,把细节子带系数的均值和方差作为水印信息的一部分来自适应地修改图像小波分解后某些细节子带的系数值,在满足水印不可感知性的条件下自适应地嵌入水印信息,实现了水印不可感知性和鲁棒性之间的折衷.同时,水印的提取无须求助于原图像,很好的实现了水印的盲检测.这里的水印是一幅有实际意义的二值图像.实验结果和攻击测试表明,本文提出的算法对JPEG/JPEG2000压缩、添加噪声、剪切、像素移位等多种攻击有较强的鲁棒性,同时对直方图均衡化、对比度调整和高斯滤波等图像处理操作也具有一定的抵抗能力.     

小波域半盲数字水印算法

提出一种新的小波域半盲数字水印算法:首先对图像进行小波分解,然后使用尺度交互式特征检测模型(Scale interaction model for feature detection)提取逼近子图的特征点,并由特征点构造相应的小波域特征树,最后在特征树的所有节点中嵌入二值水印信息。根据特征点的位置信息可以有效地提取水印序列。由于水印信息被嵌入到图像的特征之中,故对JPEG,JPEG2000以及高斯白噪音等多种处理具有较强的鲁棒性,是一种新型的第二代水印算法。     

基于混沌序列的DWT域图像水印算法

数字媒体版权保护已经变得十分迫切和必要,有效的盗版确认方法是实现版权保护的前提。本文提出一种基于混沌序列加密的频率域数字图像水印算法,先将二值图像水印信号采用混沌序列加密,然后再通过另外一个混沌序列控制水印嵌入在小波变换域系数中位置,实现小波系数中隐藏不可见水印的技术。实验结果表明,该项技术具有非常好的安全性;水印提取在DWT域中进行,不需要原始图像;该方法嵌入的水印不可见性好,对JPEG-2000压缩、图像剪切和图像加噪声攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

A robust spread spectrum based image watermarking in ridgelet domain

A new robust method of spread spectrum based image watermarking is proposed in this article. Spread spectrum technique and scrambling are used for increasing robustness and invisibility of the algorithm. Our suggested method is carried out using ridgelet transform as an efficient transform for representing images with line singularities. In embedding part, the host image is partitioned into non-overlapping blocks and ridgelet transform is applied to each single block. In this way, a curved edge is divided into some straight edges so that ridgelet transform shows optimal performance even for complicated images with curve edges. To embed the watermark bits, the best directions of ridgelet coefficients are selected with respect to their variance intensity. In extraction part, a computationally efficient detection method is used for detecting watermark logo blindly from distorted watermarked image. To achieve more robust algorithm firstly, we find the best place to insert the watermark bits and secondly, we encode the scrambled watermark bits by pseudo random sequences with an authentication key. Robustness of our proposed method is tested against different kinds of attacks. According to the experimental results, proposed method shows much improved performance in comparison to other published works.     

基于Contourlet-DCT混合变换的零水印算法

为提高水印图像的安全性,并解决水印嵌入时鲁棒性与不可见性之间的矛盾,提出了一种基于Contourlet-DCT混合变换的零水印算法.首先,利用二值水印图像自身不同的像素值对两个混沌序列进行调制加密,并将调制后的结果作为加密的水印图像.接下来对载体图像依次进行Contourlet与DCT变换从中提取能量特征,再对提取的特征进行奇异值分解,选取其中最大的奇异值重组特征矩阵,最后把特征矩阵与加密后的水印图像结合生成注册水印.为验证算法的有效性,将该算法与传统的小波域零水印算法进行了比较,结果表明,混合域零水印算法在多项攻击测试中的鲁棒性均优于后者.     

Robust and secure fractional wavelet image watermarking

This paper presents an efficient fractional wavelet transform (FWT) image watermarking technique based on combining the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT). In the proposed technique, the host image is wavelet transformed with two resolution levels, and then, the middle frequency sub-bands are FRFT transformed. The watermark is hidden by altering the selected FRFT coefficients of the middle frequency sub-bands of the 2-level DWT-transformed host image. Two pseudo-random noise (PN) sequences are used to modulate the selected FRFT coefficients with the watermark pixels, and inverse transforms are finally applied to get the watermarked image. In watermark extraction, we just need the same two PN sequences used in the embedding process and the watermark size. The correlation factor is used to determine whether the extracted pixel is one or zero. The proposed fractional wavelet transform (FWT) image watermarking method is tested with different image processing attacks and under composite attacks to verify its robustness. Experimental results demonstrated improved robustness and security.     

一种基于迭代映射和图像内容的自适应水印算法

提出了一种新颖的基于迭代映射和图像内容的自适应水印算法。该算法将图像分割为互不重叠的图像块,利用分形维数分析图像块内容,选出反映图像自身特征的边缘和纹理区域。再根据图像块内部以及相邻图像块之间的方差特性将所选的特征区域细分为边缘、弱纹理和强纹理。对选取的特征块进行离散余弦变换并将经过迭代映射置乱预处理的灰度数字水印以不同的强度自适应地嵌入到中频系数中。实验结果表明该算法透明性好,安全性高,对剪切、低通和高通滤波、添加噪声和纹理以及JPEG压缩等具有较强的顽健性。     

Robust image watermarking based on multiband wavelets and empirical mode decomposition.

In this paper, we propose a blind image watermarking algorithm based on the multiband wavelet transformation and the empirical mode decomposition. Unlike the watermark algorithms based on the traditional two-band wavelet transform, where the watermark bits are embedded directly on the wavelet coefficients, in the proposed scheme, we embed the watermark bits in the mean trend of some middle-frequency subimages in the wavelet domain. We further select appropriate dilation factor and filters in the multiband wavelet transform to achieve better performance in terms of perceptually invisibility and the robustness of the watermark. The experimental results show that the proposed blind watermarking scheme is robust against JPEG compression, Gaussian noise, salt and pepper noise, median filtering, and ConvFilter attacks. The comparison analysis demonstrate that our scheme has better performance than the watermarking schemes reported recently.     

基于混沌与整数小波变换的脆弱盲水印

提出了一种新的脆弱盲水印生成算法用于图像完整性证明和内容篡改证明。首先将原始图像分块,对各分块进行一次整数小波变换;计算4个子带(LL,HL,LH,HH)小波系数绝对值的均值,分别映射为混沌初值,经过迭代、量化生成二值水印信息;最后将水印信息随机嵌入到4个子带中。实验结果表明,所提出的算法提高了篡改检测率,对图像的篡改具有高度敏感性和准确的篡改定位能力。水印提取为盲提取,篡改检测只用到了篡改后的水印图像。     

Contourlet-based image adaptive watermarking

In the contourlet transform (CT), the Laplacian pyramid (LP) decomposes an image into a low-frequency (LF) subband and a high-frequency (HF) subband. The LF subband is created by filtering the original image with 2-D low-pass filter. However, the HF subband is created by subtracting the synthesized LF subband from the original image but not by 2-D high-pass filtering the original image. In this paper, we propose a contourlet-based image adaptive watermarking (CIAW) scheme, in which the watermark is embedded into the contourlet coefficients of the largest detail subbands of the image. The transform structure of the LP makes the embedded watermark spread out into all subbands likely in which the LF subbands are included when we reconstruct the watermarked image based on the watermarked contourlet coefficients. Since both the LF subbands and the HF subbands contain watermarking components, our watermarking scheme is expected to be robust against both the LF image processing and the HF image processing attacks. The corresponding watermarking detection algorithm is proposed to decide whether the watermark is present or not by exploiting the unique transform structure of LP. With the new proposed concept of spread watermark, the watermark is detected by computing the correlation between the spread watermark and the watermarked image in all contourlet subbands fully. The proposed CIAW scheme is particularly superior to the conventional watermarking schemes when the watermarked image is attacked by some image processing methods, which destroy the HF subbands, thanks to the watermarking components preserved in the LF subbands. Experimental results show the validity of CIAW in terms of both the watermarking invisibility and the watermarking robustness. In addition, the comparison experiments prove the high-efficiency of CIAW again.     

一种基于提升方案小波和纹理块的图像鲁棒水印算法

数字水印技术是多媒体信息安全领域的一个重要的研究课题。文章在对宿主图像小波低频子带进行纹理块检测的基础上，提出一种基于提升方案小波和纹理块曲图像鲁棒水印算法。该算法可以自适应的确定出二值图像水印在中频子带的嵌入强度，从而保证了所嵌入的水印在不可见性的前提下对常见的一些图像处理操作具有很强的鲁棒性。试验结果验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

基于3D-DWT及混沌映射的加密医用体数据鲁棒检索算法研究

随着医疗数据的共享日益频繁,数据安全问题变得日益突出.安全起见,把医学图像加密后存储到服务器或云端.如何实现对加密医学图像检索成为一个亟待解决的问题.提出一种基于混沌和三维小波变换的加密医用体数据鲁棒检索算法.其主要步骤为:首先,通过三维小波变换和混沌映射对医用体数据进行加密;然后,对加密体数据进行小波分解,得到子带图像,再对子带图像进行DCT变换,提取DCT变换能量聚集的低频系数作为加密体数据的特征向量,建立加密图像的特征向量数据库;最后,通过计算加密图像的特征向量的相似度来检索目标图像,将检索到的加密图像返回,并解密所检索到的医用体数据.实验结果表明,该检索算法对加密体数据的常规攻击和几何攻击具有较强的鲁棒性,并提高了图像检索的安全性和准确性.     

一种基于DWT和HVS的数字水印算法

分析了基于离散小波变换的图像水印嵌入方法.运用人眼视觉掩蔽模型(HVS)增强了数字水印的安全性和隐蔽性,把水印嵌入到感觉重要的小波变换系数中,提高了水印的稳健性.实验结果表明,该算法复杂度低,实用性较强,对JPEG压缩、滤波、加噪等图像处理操作有较强的鲁棒性.