Robust image watermarking based on multiband wavelets and empirical mode decomposition.

In this paper, we propose a blind image watermarking algorithm based on the multiband wavelet transformation and the empirical mode decomposition. Unlike the watermark algorithms based on the traditional two-band wavelet transform, where the watermark bits are embedded directly on the wavelet coefficients, in the proposed scheme, we embed the watermark bits in the mean trend of some middle-frequency subimages in the wavelet domain. We further select appropriate dilation factor and filters in the multiband wavelet transform to achieve better performance in terms of perceptually invisibility and the robustness of the watermark. The experimental results show that the proposed blind watermarking scheme is robust against JPEG compression, Gaussian noise, salt and pepper noise, median filtering, and ConvFilter attacks. The comparison analysis demonstrate that our scheme has better performance than the watermarking schemes reported recently.     

基于自嵌入鲁棒双水印的图像认证算法

通过构造鲁棒零水印并鲁棒的嵌入到图像自身来实现完全盲检测的鲁棒水印方案,从而完成数字图像的全盲版权认证。首先利用整数小波变换构造鲁棒零水印:将原始图像进行三级整数小波变换,并将变换后获取的第三级低频子带(LL3)系数二值化来构造鲁棒零水印。然后利用一种基于奇异值分解(SVD,singular value decomposition)的鲁棒水印方案,将构造的鲁棒零水印嵌入到图像小波变换域低频子带(LL1)的分块奇异值分解的U矩阵的系数中。利用超混沌系统设计了随机置乱和加密方案。在鲁棒嵌入之前,先将二值零水印进行置乱分散并加密,增强了方案的鲁棒性和构造水印安的全性。实验结果证明了所提出的方案的有效性。     

Genetic Watermarking for Zerotree-Based Applications

An optimized scheme for watermarking based on zerotrees is proposed in this paper. Digital watermarking is an effective means for protecting copyrights with three of the most fundamental requirements: watermark imperceptibility, watermark robustness, and watermark capacity. Conventional techniques in the literature mainly perform watermark embedding and extraction processes in the transform domain, including the discrete Fourier transform, discrete cosine transform, and discrete wavelet transform domains. The three watermarking requirements above are in conflict with each other; therefore, finding a way to obtain a trade-off among them is the major purpose of this paper. We first perform watermarking in the wavelet domain. Next, we properly select zerotrees in a wavelet transform with the genetic algorithm. Our simulation results not only demonstrate better performances of the watermarked images after optimization, but also reveal the robustness of the extracted watermarks under common attacks.     

一种新的混沌序列扩频水印算法

提出了一种新的混沌序列扩频水印算法。该算法将混沌序列应用于水印嵌入算法的三个不同环节：水印密文的产生、子图像的选取以及DS-CDMA伪随机码的产生，使得混沌序列适用于噪声调制的统计特性得到充分应用。水印的提取利用了相关性检测。实验结果表明，该算法对于常用的信号处理攻击和几何变形攻击具有较高的鲁棒性。     

基于支持向量回归的Contourlet域盲水印算法

为进一步提高基于支持向量机(SVM,support vector machine)水印算法的性能,提出了基于支持向量回归(SVR,support vector regression)的Contourlet域盲水印算法。首先对宿主图像进行Contourlet分解,然后利用SVM建立图像尺度内的局部相关性模型,根据模型的预测结果自适应地嵌入水印。实验结果表明,所提出的算法不仅具有较好的不可感知性,而且对叠加噪声、JPEG压缩、锐化、平滑滤波和对比度增强等常规图像信号处理以及旋转、剪切等几何攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性,其性能明显优于基于SVM的空间域和小波域的水印算法。     

基于DWT-QDFT的硬拷贝彩色图像全息水印

提出了一种基于离散小波变换(DWT)及四元数傅里 叶变换(QDFT)的鲁棒性全息水印算法。首先对RGB彩色图像的三个色彩分量分 别做DWT,取变换后的3个低频部分组成纯四元数矩阵;随后对其进行QDFT ,将全息水印通过替代QDFT的实部的中频系数进行嵌入,再经过逆QDFT及小波重构得到含有 水印的彩 色图像。攻击测试结果表明,本文算法对于常规的信号处理有很好的鲁棒性;打印扫描实验 证明,本文算法具有抵 抗硬拷贝攻击的能力。四元数傅立叶变换的引入,实现了小波低频系数的嵌入保证了算法的 鲁棒性,同时 又结合了四元数在处理彩色图像中的优势,双变换域的采用与全息方法的结合实现了算法应 用于硬拷贝彩 色图像中鲁棒性及不可见性之间的平衡。本文全息水印方案可以应用于印品水印防伪领域。     

一种新的图像水印方案

目标区域是图像中视觉上最重要的部分。针对现有的水印算法很少考虑图像中确定的目标区域这一问题，提出了一种基于目标区域的水印方案(WIOR)。方案首先利用小波变换分析图像的目标特征，并依据图像的小波高频系数特征对其进行聚类，获得水印的嵌入域，在此嵌入域中，选择小波系数并对其进行量化调制来嵌入二值扩谱水印；同时，通过只在图像的局部区域内嵌入较少的水印信息来改善水印的隐蔽性。实验结果表明，该方案对于一类具有突出目标特征的图像具有较好的效果。嵌入的水印主要优势在于真正把水印嵌入图像的视觉重要部分，从而能有效地抵御剪切攻击，而且可以实现盲检测。     

Digital watermarking robust to geometric distortions.

In this paper, we present two watermarking approaches that are robust to geometric distortions. The first approach is based on image normalization, in which both watermark embedding and extraction are carried out with respect to an image normalized to meet a set of predefined moment criteria. We propose a new normalization procedure, which is invariant to affine transform attacks. The resulting watermarking scheme is suitable for public watermarking applications, where the original image is not available for watermark extraction. The second approach is based on a watermark resynchronization scheme aimed to alleviate the effects of random bending attacks. In this scheme, a deformable mesh is used to correct the distortion caused by the attack. The watermark is then extracted from the corrected image. In contrast to the first scheme, the latter is suitable for private watermarking applications, where the original image is necessary for watermark detection. In both schemes, we employ a direct-sequence code division multiple access approach to embed a multibit watermark in the discrete cosine transform domain of the image. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed watermarking schemes are robust to a wide range of geometric attacks.     

Efficient hybrid watermarking schemes for robust and secure 3D‐MVC communication

Digital watermarking is a promising and efficient methodology for protecting the copyright of the transmitted multimedia data. Three‐dimensional videos (3DVs) are transmitted and stored in the form of compressed information. Thus, there is a great need for compressed 3DV watermarking. This paper presents 2 proposed hybrid watermarking schemes for securing the 3DV transmission. The first watermarking scheme is the homomorphic transform–based singular value decomposition in discrete wavelet transform domain. The second scheme is the 3‐level discrete stationary wavelet transform in discrete cosine transform domain. The objective of the 2 proposed hybrid watermarking schemes is to increase the immunity of the watermarked 3DV to attacks and achieve adequate perceptual quality. The performances of the 2 proposed hybrid watermarking schemes are compared with those of the state‐of‐the‐art watermarking schemes. The comparisons depend on both of the subjective visual results and the objective results; the peak signal‐to‐noise ratios of the watermarked frames and the normalized correlation of the extracted watermark frames. Extensive simulation results on standard 3DV sequences have been conducted in the presence of attacks. The obtained results confirm that the 2 suggested hybrid watermarking schemes are robust in the presence of attacks. They achieve not only very good perceptual quality with appreciated peak signal‐to‐noise ratio values but also high correlation coefficient values in the presence of attacks.     

自适应的混合域音频水印新算法

本文结合小波包变换和离散余弦变换，提出了一种基于听觉模型的混合域自适应音频盲水印算法，在不引入听觉失真的前提下，实现了自适应的水印嵌入。算法首先对音频信号进行小波包分解，使得分解后的子带更接近人耳临界频带。其次对每个子带的小波包系数进行离散余弦变换，计算出子带掩蔽阈值。根据子带掩蔽阈值自适应的选取噪声敏感度小的音频段作为水印嵌入段，选取功率值低于掩蔽阈值的频域系数作为水印嵌入位置，同时采用噪声掩蔽比调整水印嵌入强度。二值水印图像通过量化索引调制的方法嵌入到音频信号的中低频系数中，提取水印时不需要原始音频载体。本算法在水印容量、不可感知性和鲁棒性之间达到了很好的平衡，水印容量在576.7bps到689.5bps之间，算法对添加噪声、重新量化、重新采样、低通滤波和MP3压缩均具有很好的鲁棒性。      

基于压缩感知的鲁棒可分离的密文域水印算法

为了满足密文域水印嵌入的需要,该文基于压缩感知技术,提出一种鲁棒可分离的密文域水印算法。首先,内容拥有者将图像进行不重叠分块,利用边缘检测手段划分重要块和非重要块。重要块用传统加密方式进行加密,非重要块用压缩感知技术进行加密,同时为水印嵌入留出一定空间,然后根据嵌入密钥,实现二值水印的密文嵌入。在接收端获取图像内容和水印的方式是可分离的,同时根据含水印的密文图像块的像素分布特性可重新判断块的属性,避免了传输块属性信息。此外,水印信息重复4次嵌入在密文图像的不同区域,保证了水印的鲁棒性。实验结果显示所提方案在抵抗适度攻击时具有鲁棒性和安全性。     

A Novel Algorithm for Robust Audio Watermarking in Wavelet Domain

With the sharp blossoming of the Internet, itbecomes more and more important to protect theintelligent property rights (IPR). Watermarking is aneffective solution. It takes advantage of the redundancyof the human visual system (HVS) and auditory system(HAS) to identify the copyright by embedding somesecret information relevant to IPR holders. The invisible watermarking algorithm shouldsatisfy the demands on imperceptivity, low complexity,robustness, determinacy and safety. However,imperc…     

用菲涅耳变换和相位密码板实现盲数字水印

基于菲涅耳衍射变换和相位密码板,结合离散小波变换,设计了一种新的盲数字水印算法.通过提取相位母板的离散菲涅耳衍射变换的相角而获得相位密码板,原始水印图像经离散菲涅耳变换和相位密码板的共同作用形成水印密文,将水印密文嵌入到原始宿主图像的离散小波变换系数矩阵中,再对叠加水印信息的像素用其最邻近的像素均值来替换,从而获得一种新的盲数字水印提取法.数值计算结果表明:该水印算法对JPEG有损压缩、剪切、噪声污染和重采样等攻击具有较强的鲁棒性.由于该算法的密钥空间很大而密钥数据量却不高,所以采用本算法既能灵活选择加密密钥(相位密码母板、衍射距离等),又能确保高安全性,具有很高的实用价值.     

一种基于提升方案小波和小波块的图像水印算法

数字水印技术是多媒体信息安全领域的一个重要研究课题。文章提出一种基于提升方案小波和小波块的图象水印算法。首先，利用提升方案小波对宿主图像和水印图像进行分解，同时利用小波系数的树结构，将宿主图像的小波系数块按纹理密度分成两类，并根据嵌入位置所隶属的小波块的纹理强弱，嵌入不同强度的水印信息，这在一定程度上保证了所嵌入水印在不可见性前提下的极大鲁棒性。实验结果验证了所提出算法的有效性。     

基于离散余弦变换的图像半盲水印技术研究

结合Arnold变换置乱和频谱系数相关性检测方法,提出了一种基于离散余弦变换域频谱系数相关性检测的半盲水印方案。通过不同嵌入强度的仿真实验,结果表明在嵌入强度k为2.5时达到最大嵌入量,其含水印图的峰值信噪比为30.489 2 dB,相似度达到0.998 9。通过攻击测试表明提出的水印方案具有较好的稳健性。综合仿真实验和攻击测试结果,表明提出的水印方案较好的保证了水印的不可感知性、稳健性与水印容量之间的平衡。     

Multipurpose image watermarking algorithm based on multistage vector quantization.

The rapid growth of digital multimedia and Internet technologies has made copyright protection, copy protection, and integrity verification three important issues in the digital world. To solve these problems, the digital watermarking technique has been presented and widely researched. Traditional watermarking algorithms are mostly based on discrete transform domains, such as the discrete cosine transform, discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Most of these algorithms are good for only one purpose. Recently, some multipurpose digital watermarking methods have been presented, which can achieve the goal of content authentication and copyright protection simultaneously. However, they are based on DWT or DFT. Lately, several robust watermarking schemes based on vector quantization (VQ) have been presented, but they can only be used for copyright protection. In this paper, we present a novel multipurpose digital image watermarking method based on the multistage vector quantizer structure, which can be applied to image authentication and copyright protection. In the proposed method, the semi-fragile watermark and the robust watermark are embedded in different VQ stages using different techniques, and both of them can be extracted without the original image. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in terms of robustness and fragility.     

Robust digital watermarking algorithm based on continuous hyperchaotic system and discrete wavelet transform

Many digital watermarking methods have been pro-posedin the last fewyears[1 ,3].It is a tradeoff problemsince whenthe robustness of a watermarkincreases ,theperceptual quality of the contents will be degraded.Hence,the main goal of i mproving a watermarki…     

A Study of Steganographic Image Security

In this dissertation, sereral key problems in the field of steganographic image security are mainly studied and discussed: (1) A novel kind of image cryptosystem is studied. The encrypted information of secret image is embedded into an ordinary image, which can be transmitted publicly, and it will not cause attention of illegal eavesdropper. The following results are achieved: (a) The image hiding algorithm and its improved algorithm based on wavelet transform and vector quantization are propo…     

一种基于SVR的数字图像水印算法

以回归型支持向量机为基础,提出一种彩色数字图像水印算法。在小波域内选取特征向量并获得支持向量机训练模型,进而利用该训练模型嵌入和提取水印信息。该算法以保证不可感知性和鲁棒性的良好平衡为前提,实现了水印的盲检测。实验仿真表明,该算法不仅具有较好的不可感知性,而且对叠加噪声、JPEG压缩、锐化、平滑滤波、对比度增强、剪切等常规处理具有较好的鲁棒性,其整体性能优于一般基于支持向量机的图像水印方案。     

一种改进的基于小波域的图像盲水印算法

论文提出一种改进的基于小波域的图像盲水印算法。此算法根据人类视觉特性,提出在宿主图像小波域二级分解的子带LH2、HL2以及LL2的适当系数分别嵌入水印,以达到优势互补。水印的嵌入采用量化调制的方式,使水印实现盲提取。实验结果表明：此方案算法简单,量化间隔易调,具有良好的不可见性和鲁棒性。