0.18um NMOS的重离子单粒子瞬态脉冲的仿真模拟

摘要：为了详细的了解纳米MOS电路中单粒子瞬变电荷收集机理,利用ISETCAD软件仿真二维模拟0.18um NMOS的单粒子瞬态脉冲。通过进行三种不同的电路连接方式和不同的粒子注入位置的仿真,得到了一系列单粒子瞬态电流脉冲（SET）与时间的关系曲线。分析了不同电路连接方式和注入位置对SET的峰值和脉宽的影响。为下一步建立SET的精确模型进行SET效应的模拟做基础的研究。     

0.18μm NMOS的重离子单粒子瞬态脉冲的仿真模拟

为了详细地了解纳米MOS电路中单粒子瞬变电荷收集机理,利用ISETCAD软件仿真二维模拟0.18μm NMOS的单粒子瞬态脉冲。通过进行三种不同的电路连接方式和不同的粒子注入位置的仿真,得到了一系列单粒子瞬态电流脉冲(SET)与时间的关系曲线。分析了不同电路连接方式和注入位置对SET的峰值和脉宽的影响。为下一步建立SET的精确模型进行SET效应的模拟做基础的研究。     

晶体管栅形状对单粒子瞬态脉冲特性的影响研究

通过三维器件模拟仿真,研究了基于CMOS 0.18μm工艺下标准条形栅和环形栅结构MOS晶体管的单粒子瞬态响应.研究结果表明,单粒子轰击条形栅器件与环形栅器件产生的单粒子瞬态脉冲特性具有非常大的区别.分析了栅形状对单粒子瞬态的影响在PMOS和NMOS器件中的不同机理,对单粒子瞬态加固设计具有指导性意义.     

基于入射距离的一维瞬态电流源注入模型研究

在深亚微米工艺下,单粒子效应引入的瞬态电流与粒子入射位置有关。基于粒子入射距离,提出了一种针对电路级仿真的一维瞬态电流源注入模型。结果显示,电流源模型与三维TCAD仿真得到的瞬态电流形状拟合更好,NMOS和PMOS器件收集电荷量的计算误差分别下降了66.9%和65.0%。提出的电流源模型能够精确地反映粒子入射位置改变时6T SRAM电路的翻转情况,能更好地用于大规模集成电路的单粒子效应电路级模拟分析。     

65 nm体硅工艺NMOS中单粒子多瞬态效应的研究

针对NMOS场效应晶体管由重离子辐射诱导发生的单粒子多瞬态现象,参考65 nm体硅CMOS的单粒子瞬态效应的试验数据,采用TCAD仿真手段,搭建了65 nm体硅NMOS晶体管的TCAD模型,并进一步对无加固结构、保护环结构、保护漏结构以及保护环加保护漏结构的抗单粒子瞬态效应的机理和能力进行仿真分析。结果表明,NMOS器件的源结和保护环结构的抗单粒子多瞬态效应的效果更加明显。     

基于封闭形栅NMOS晶体管的研究

封闭形栅的NMOS晶体管广泛应用于总剂量辐射效应加固的电路中。为了定量比较不同的封闭形栅晶体管的性能以及设计代价,在0.35μm 商业CMOS工艺上设计制造了标准条栅和两种封闭形栅（包括环栅和半环栅）的NMOS晶体管。通过对比这三种器件的最小宽长比、晶体管面积,得出环栅与半环栅的版图形式带来的面积牺牲与设计的晶体管宽长比密切相关。并通过对这三种器件的输出特性和转移特性的对比测试,分析了常见的封闭形栅的有效宽长比提取方法,结果表明对于环栅NMOS,“中线近似”可能带来10%的误差,而商业工艺线提供的宽长比提取方法由于是针对条形栅,在设计中需要经过修正才能适用于封闭形栅的晶体管设计。对于半环栅NMOS,我们提出了一种简略的宽长比估算方法, 实验结果显示其误差小于8%。     

N阱掺杂对PMOS管的SET效应影响研究

基于Synopsys公司的3D-TCAD器件仿真软件,在65 nm体硅CMOS工艺下研究了场效应晶体管(FET)抗辐射性能与工艺参数的关系,分析了N阱掺杂对单管PMOS单粒子瞬态脉冲(SET)效应的影响。针对PMOS管SET电流的各组分进行了分析,讨论了粒子轰击后器件各端口电流的变化情况。研究结果表明,增大N阱掺杂浓度能有效降低衬底空穴收集量,提升N阱电势,抑制寄生双极放大效应,减少SET脉冲宽度。该研究结果对从工艺角度提升PMOS器件的抗辐射性能有指导意义。     

小尺寸NMOS和PMOS SEU敏感性对比分析

使用软件模拟的方法对NMOS和PMOS的单粒子翻转(SEU)特性进行份真,通过在阱内外碰撞的两种情况下对小尺寸NMOS和PMOS的SEU敏感性进行对比可知,对于深亚微米阶段相同工艺的器件,在阱外碰撞时,NMOS一定比PMOS对SEU敏感;但对于阱内碰撞,NMOS和PMOS对SEU的敏感性要视具体情况而定.     

驱动能力对SOI SRAM单元单粒子效应的影响仿真

采用silvaco软件对抗辐射不同沟道宽度的PD SOI NMOS器件单元进行了三维SEU仿真,将瞬态电流代入电路模拟软件HSPICE中进行SRAM存储单元单粒子翻转效应的电路模拟。通过这种电路模拟的方法,可以得到SRAM存储单元的LET阈值。通过对比LET阈值的实际测量值,验证了这种方法的实用性,并对不同驱动能力的SRAM单元进行了翻转效应的对比。在NMOS和PMOS驱动比相同的情况下,沟道宽度越大,SRAM的翻转LET阈值反而越高。     

负偏置温度不稳定性导致单粒子瞬态脉冲的压缩与展宽

摘要：本文基于3D TCAD 器件模拟,研究了130nm体硅工艺下,负偏置温度不稳定性（NBTI）对单粒子瞬态（SET）脉冲的影响。研究结果表明：当粒子轰击高输入反相器的PMOS管时,NBTI能够导致所产生的SET脉冲的宽度和幅度随时间不断压缩,当粒子轰击低输入反相器的NMOS管时,NBTI能够导致所产生的SET脉冲的宽度和幅度随时间不断展宽。基于研究结果,本文首次提出：NBTI对粒子轰击NMOS管所产生的SET脉冲的影响已经十分严重,在进行抗辐照加固设计时必须考虑NBTI所造成的影响。     

Effect of charge sharing on the single event transient response of CMOS logic gates

This paper presents three new types of pulse quenching mechanism(NMOS-to-PMOS,PMOS-to-NMOS and NMOS-to-NMOS) and verifies them using 3-D TCAD mixed mode simulations at the 90 nm node. The three major contributions of this paper are:(1) with the exception of PMOS-to-PMOS,pulse quenching is also prominent for PMOS-to-NMOS and NMOS-to-NMOS in a 90 nm process.(2) Pulse quenching in general correlates weakly with ion LET,but strongly with incident angle and layout style(i.e.spacing between transistors and n-well contact area).(3) Compact layout and cascaded inverting stages can be utilized to promote SET pulse quenching in combinatorial circuits.     

The impact of Miller and coupling effects on single event transient in logical circuits

With feature size scaling down, Miller feedback effects of gate-to-drain capacitance for transistors and coupling effects between interconnects will dramatically affect single event transient (SET) generation and propagation in combinational logic circuits. Two ways of ICs are arranged: linear and “S” types. For pulse width and delay time, SET propagations in two layouts of digital circuits are compared under considering the coupling effects between interconnects. An analytical model is used to describe the impact of Miller and coupling effects on SET propagation. A criterion for SET occurrence in digital circuits with effects of coupling and Miller feedback is presented. The influence of temperature and technology node on SET generation and propagation is analyzed. The results indicate that (1) the existence of these effects will improve the critical charge for SET generation and also reduce the estimated SER, and (2) the way of “S” type is more immune to SET than the scheme of linear.     

基于保护门的纳米CMOS电路抗单粒子瞬态加固技术研究

随着器件特征尺寸的缩减,单粒子瞬态效应(SET)成为空间辐射环境中先进集成电路可靠性的主要威胁之一。基于保护门,提出了一种抗SET的加固单元。该加固单元不仅可以过滤组合逻辑电路传播的SET脉冲,而且因逻辑门的电气遮掩效应和电气隔离,可对SET脉冲产生衰减作用,进而减弱到达时序电路的SET脉冲。在45 nm工艺节点下,开展了电路的随机SET故障注入仿真分析。结果表明,与其他加固单元相比,所提出的加固单元的功耗时延积(PDP)尽管平均增加了17.42%,但容忍SET的最大脉冲宽度平均提高了113.65%,且时延平均降低了38.24%。     

Study and analysis of DR-VCO for rad-hardness in type II third order CPLL

In this paper, suitability of differential ring VCO designed using 90 nm CMOS process for the SET environment is studied for number of delay stages ranging from three to eleven operating at 2.6 GHz frequency. Effect of increasing the number of VCO delay cell stages to suppress SET strike sensitivity of oscillator has been studied for Linear Energy Transfer (LET) values between 20 and 200 MeV-cm²/mg. To further validate the relation between the number of stages used in VCO architecture and SET tolerance level, the differential ring VCOs are tested within a type II 3rd order CPLL operating at the same frequency. Circuit simulations show that the PLL performance parameters: settling behaviour and error cycles of PLL are strongly correlated to the number of delay stages used in the VCO. The error cycles produced by CPLL with 11 stage VCO in response to SET hit with LET value of 200 MeV-cm²/mg achieves 53% improvement compared to CPLL with 3 stage VCO.     

Single event soft error in advanced integrated circuit

As technology feature sizes decrease, single event upset (SEU), and single event transient (SET) dominate the radiation response of microcircuits. Multiple bit upset (MBU) (or multi cell upset) effects, digital single event transient (DSET) and analogue single event transient (ASET) caused serious problems for advanced integrated circuits (ICs) applied in a radiation environment and have become a pressing issue. To face this challenge, a lot of work has been put into the single event soft error mechanism and mitigation schemes. This paper presents a review of SEU and SET, including: a brief historical overview, which summarizes the historical development of the SEU and SET study since their first observation in the 1970's; effects prominent in advanced technology, which reviews the effects such as MBU, MSET as well as SET broadening and quenching with the influence of temperature, device structure etc.; the present understanding of single event soft error mechanisms, which review the basic mechanism of single event generation including various component of charge collection; and a discussion of various SEU and SET mitigation schemes divided as circuit hardening and layout hardening that could help the designer meet his goals.     

基于四值脉冲参数模型的单粒子瞬态传播机理与软错误率分析方法

随着工艺尺寸的不断缩小,由单粒子瞬态(Single Event Transient, SET)效应引起的软错误已经成为影响宇航用深亚微米VLSI电路可靠性的主要威胁,而SET脉冲的产生和传播也成为电路软错误研究的热点问题。通过研究SET脉冲在逻辑链路中的传播发现:脉冲上升时间和下降时间的差异能够引起输出脉冲宽度的展宽或衰减;脉冲的宽度和幅度可决定其是否会被门的电气效应所屏蔽。该文提出一种四值脉冲参数模型可准确模拟SET脉冲形状,并采用结合查找表和经验公式的方法来模拟SET脉冲在电路中的传播过程。该文提出的四值脉冲参数模型可模拟SET脉冲在传播过程中的展宽和衰减效应,与单参数脉冲模型相比计算精度提高了2.4%。该文应用基于图的故障传播概率算法模拟SET脉冲传播过程中的逻辑屏蔽,可快速计算电路的软错误率。对ISCAS89及ISCAS85电路进行分析的实验结果表明:该方法与HSPICE仿真方法的平均偏差为4.12%,计算速度提升10000倍。该文方法可对大规模集成电路的软错误率进行快速分析。     

SET/CMOS hybrid process and multiband filtering circuits

We have developed an integration technology for the single electron transistor (SET)/CMOS hybrid systems. SET and CMOS transistors can be optimized without any possible degradation due to mixing dissimilar devices by adopting just one extra mask step for the separate gate oxidation (SGOX). We have confirmed that discrete devices show ideal characteristics required for the SET/CMOS hybrid systems. An SET shows obvious Coulomb oscillations with a 200-mV period and CMOS transistors show high voltage gain. Based on the hybrid process, new hybrid circuits, called periodic multiband filters, are proposed and successfully implemented. The new filter is designed to perform a filtering operation according to the periodic multiple blocking bands of which a period is originated from the SET. Such a novel function was implemented efficiently with a few transistors by making full use of the periodic nature of SET characteristics.     

Soft Error Rate Reduction Using Circuit Optimization and Transient Filter Insertion

This paper describes a tunable transient filter (TTF) design for soft error rate reduction in combinational logic circuits. TTFs can be inserted into combinational circuits to suppress propagated single-event transients (SETs) before they can be captured in latches or flip-flops. TTFs are tuned by adjusting the maximum width of the propagated SET that can be suppressed. A TTF requires 6–14 transistors, making it an attractive cost-effective option to reduce the soft error rate in combinational circuits. A global optimization approach based on geometric programming that integrates TTF insertion with dual-V _DD and gate sizing is described. Simulation results for the 65 nm process technology indicate that a 17–48× reduction in the soft error rate can be achieved with this approach.