用3D-FDTD法分析用于近场光存储的光纤探针电磁波传输特性

提高近场光存储的存储信息密度的关键主要在于掌握近场存储光纤探针的透光率、近场光斑直径尺寸以及场梯度等近场物理量。采用三维时域有限差分 (3D FDTD)法分析了可用于近场光存储的光纤探针尖的光学性质 ,对不同类型光纤的近场光场分布进行了数值计算 ,给出结果并进行比较 ,从光学性质的角度对其在近场光存储中的应用加以讨论。完全镀膜光纤尖在极近场处的光斑可获得 10nm的尺寸 ,远小于传统光纤光学聚焦的光斑尺寸大小。     

天线极化特性的近场测量技术

针对天线极化特性如何在近场测量系统进行测试的问题,文中从实际工程应用出发,结合电磁场理论,基于椭圆极化波的分解理论,提出了利用线极化探头测量椭圆极化天线特性参数的方法。通过线极化探头进行两次正交的测量即可得到圆极化天线的方向图、轴比、倾角、增益等特性信息,也得到了线极化天线的交叉极化特性。     

基于电场探头的雷达强脉冲场时域快速测量

雷达强脉冲场的准确测量对研究电磁环境特征和装备电磁安全性具有重要意义。雷达强脉冲场常用频域测量方法耗时,且测量结果与分辨率带宽设置相关,设置不当会造成错误结果。为此文章在分析脉冲信号的时频域特征,并结合时域测量法和场强探头法测量原理研究的基础上,提出了基于示波器和场强探头的强脉冲场峰值和平均值场强快速测量方法,解决了大功率雷达脉冲近场分布快速测量的难题,同时给出了组合测量方法中场强探头的适用边界条件,实验验证结果表明场强探头与示波器组合法测量误差小于1 dB,且可相互验证。     

伸杆对星载电场探测仪的影响研究

通过一定长度的伸杆使电场探头与卫星本体保持一定的距离,可以减小卫星本体鞘层对电场测量的影响。但卫星在运行时伸杆与电场探头之间可能存在电位差,从而为电场测量引入误差。该文利用卫星与等离子体相互作用模拟软件(SPIS)并结合法国DEMETER卫星的伸杆和电场探头模型,模拟了伸杆与探头之间不同电位差对电场探头收集电子流的影响,模拟表明当伸杆电位低于探头电位时,对电场测量影响较小,当伸杆电位高于探头电位时,对电场测量影响较大,且电位差越大,影响越显著。当等离子体浓度增大即德拜长度减小时,伸杆电位形成的鞘层减小,因此伸杆对电场测量的影响比低浓度时有所减小。     

天线平面近场测量中一种近远场变换方法研究

本文研究了一种应用于天线平面近场测量中完成近远场变换的数值算法。利用此方法可以依据天线平面近场测试数据快速简便地求得天线远场方向图及其它特性,其精度较高;同时可以很方便地进行探头修正,并讨论天线平面近场测试中各关键参数对测试结果的影响。本文给出了理论依据和具体计算实例,与传统方法进行了比较,并得出了结论。     

The tolerance method for electromagnetic scattering

The original electromagnetic field will be disturbed when the parameter of a local region is changed. To find the distribution of the disturbed electromagnetic field a boundary value problem, which is different from the original one, must be solved. A method to find the disturbed electromagnetic field from the known original one with a minimum amount of computation would be very significant. In this paper, we present a method, tolerance method, which can save significant computer time in the computation of the disturbed electromagnetic field. This method can be used for many complicated boundary value problems as well as for optimum design in engineering. An example of the computation of an electromagnetic scattering problem is given in this paper     

Novel FDTD simulation method using multiple-analysis-space for electromagnetic far field

Wide-band undesired electromagnetic noise near electronic systems, which includes small noise source like the printed circuit board (PCB), is a current problem in the field of electromagnetic interference. However, the estimation method for the electromagnetic noise near a system under test has not been established. This paper proposes a newly developed estimation method of the electromagnetic noise for a wide area, from near to far field, using the finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The proposed FDTD simulation method is an estimation technique for near to far field with multiple analysis spaces (MAS). The MAS has an internal analysis space (IAS) and an external analysis space (EAS). The analysis near a radiation source can be calculated in the IAS. The EAS is the outside space from IAS, which is for calculation of the far field. It is expected that the proposed FDTD method by MAS (FDTD-MAS) decrease in the calculation cost in terms of computational time and memory costs, especially for estimation of radiation from PCB. The principle procedure of the FDTD-MAS method is described in the first part of this paper. As example of advantages of the calculation and confirmation of the calculation accuracy, the electric field distributions radiated from a 1-GHz half-wavelength dipole antenna in an IAS of 0.3/spl times/0.3 m/sup 2/ area and an EAS of 7/spl times/7 m/sup 2/ area are used as examples. When the cell size ratio of IAS to EAS is changed from 6 to 20, the FDTD and theoretical values show good agreement. It is indicated that the FDTD-MAS simulation method is one of the most powerful tools for the estimation of electromagnetic noise from near field to far field from small and thin source.     

基于三相感应电机的小型化超低频发射天线研究

针对低频电磁传输中天线尺寸过大的问题，设计了一种基于三相感应电机的小型化超低频发射天线.电机工作时产生了时变低频电磁场，可作为超低频发射天线.为有效分析其电磁场分布，文章建立旋转磁偶极子数学模型以等效电机内部旋转时产生的磁场.首先，对电机内部磁场和旋转磁偶极子的关系进行阐述，利用麦克斯韦方程组，得到旋转磁偶极子的电磁场分布.其次，通过电磁仿真软件验证旋转磁偶极子的近场分布特性和远场辐射特性.最后，通过实验对电机近场的磁场分布进行验证.仿真和实测结果表明，三相感应电机具有超低频天线的辐射特性.     

弯曲通道长度及倾斜角度对雷电电磁场影响研究

为了得到弯曲通道雷电电磁脉冲场的分布特性,将电流微源偶极子进行水平分解和垂直分解,利用偶极子法对弯曲通道产生电磁场的表达式进行了推导.在此基础上就底部回击通道长度以及上部回击通道倾斜角度对地表电磁场的影响规律进行了相关研究.研究结果表明,弯曲通道的电磁场峰值主要取决于底部放电通道的长度,在中间场和远场区底部通道越长对应的电磁场幅值越小;而倾斜角度对近场区电磁场影响极小,在中间场和远场区电磁场幅值会随着倾斜角度的增加而降低,且距离越远倾斜角度对电磁场幅值的影响越明显.     

Field Distribution Within Coaxial Scanning Near‐Field Optical Microscope Tips

Since the development of the first scanning near‐field optical microscope great effort has been put into the development of near‐field optical probe tips that have both a good lateral resolution, in the range of several tens of nanometers, and a high power throughput. Several groups have proposed the use of scanning near‐field optical tips with a coaxial structure. From electromagnetic theory it is well known that such structures can attain power transmissions of close to one and they do not have a cut‐off frequency. In this paper we discuss some questions concerning the stimulation of optical coaxial modes and their propagation behavior.     

Suppression of reflections by directive probes in spherical near-field measurements

The influence of probe correction in spherical near-field measurements on signals from outside the test volume is investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is found that the suppression of reflections obtained by a directive probe is not disturbed by the probe correction. A geometric relation between the antenna "minimum sphere" and the probe pattern beamwidth is established, whose satisfaction guarantees the absence of numerical instabilities in the far-field computation. The condition is sufficient, but not necessary if the "minimum sphere" of the antenna is in the near field of the probe.     

低阻抗辐射源的数学模型

进行电磁环境预测要解决的关键问题之一是建立实用的电磁辐射源的数学模型，本文介绍几种基于贴近场测量技术的低阻抗辐射源模型，并进行了实验验证。可用于计算、预测各种仪器、设备机箱的电磁泄漏对远区场的影响。     

口径辐射场的时域分析

鉴于瞬态民磁脉冲辐射研究的重要性，天线的时域辐射特性是当前备受关注的重要问题，然而口径辐射场的完整时域解尚未有报道。本文采用时域法利用场等效原理分析电磁脉冲辐射场，得到时域中口径辐射场的解析解，得出的公式对近场，远场都适用。     

基于XFDTD的箱变开孔金属外壳雷电电磁脉冲防护

为研究户外配电设备对雷电电磁脉冲(LEMP)的防护能力,利用基于时域有限差分法(XFDTD)的全波三维电磁场模拟仿真软件对近场LEMP与户外箱变金属开孔外壳的耦合情况进行仿真模拟,得到3种正面具有不同形状散热孔阵的箱变在距回击点30 m处,其内部距开孔位置5 cm,50 cm和100 cm处的耦合电场强度与电磁功率密度。研究表明,能量主要集中在低频段(2 MHz以下)的LEMP与正面有散热孔阵的变电站腔体发生耦合时,耦合进内部的电磁能量主要集中在开孔附近;对于相同排列方式的孔阵,腔内耦合电磁能量按照长方形、正方形和圆形顺序依次减小,具有圆形孔阵的变电站电磁屏蔽效能最佳;腔体内远离开孔处的电磁危害要小于开孔位置附近,耦合电磁能量可能会严重干扰变电站的正常工作,但不会损坏其内部电子元件。     

一种高频脉冲磁场测量装置的制作与应用

本文结合具体的高频脉冲磁场测量要求,设计制作了一种基于法拉第电磁感应原理的磁场测量装置,较为详细 地描述了设计思路和制作过程,并对一空芯脉冲变压器中频率为20k-30kHz,幅值约为0.01-0.02T 的磁场信号进行了测量, 给出了测量得到的变压器内部磁场时空分布的实验结果,测量结果与软件模拟结果基本一致,能够较为准确的反映待测 磁场的时空分布。     

平面近场测量的共轭梯度法分析

从被测天线(AUT)和探头的耦合方程出发，利用Nyquist定理，推导出了扫描面上近场和波谱函数之间的矩阵方程。用共轭梯度法(CG)求解这一矩阵方程，得到波谱函数，从而算出远场方向图。这种方法只需要知道测量点的位置就足够，并不要求测量点必须位于某些特定点上。计算结果表明，用此方法原理上可消除常规平面近场测量中位置误差的影响。     

Near field in the vicinity of wireless base-station antennas: anexposure compliance approach

Great social concern has risen about the potential health hazard of living near a cellular telephony base-station antenna, and certain technical questions have been posed on the appropriate way to measure exposure in its vicinity. In this paper, a standard spherical near-near field transformation is proposed to obtain the electromagnetic field close to the antenna in free space conditions. The field obtained in this way allows us to define an exclusion zone from the exposure compliance point of view, but also makes it possible to bound the error committed by standard field measurement procedures. Furthermore, the visualization of the electromagnetic field in the proximity of the antenna in free space conditions, allows us to define clearance templates that have to be met in the siting of the antenna in complex environments in order not to obstruct its main beam     

The interaction between ELF electric fields and RF survey meters: theory and experiment

An RF survey meter is often used to evaluate the safety of human exposure to RF electromagnetic fields. However, it has been noted that erroneous meter indications occur when the meters are used in strong, extremely low-frequency (ELF) electric fields, such as those found near electric power transmission and distribution facilities. In this paper, coupling between an ELF electromagnetic field and an RF survey meter has been studied theoretically and experimentally. It has been shown that coupling large enough to result in erroneous readings can be caused by unbalanced currents as small as 0.1% of the balanced currents on the transmission line that connects the probe to the readout unit. Unbalanced currents of this magnitude can be caused by capacitive coupling to the probe and readout unit.     

Probe compensated near-field measurements on a cylinder

A new method is developed for determining the farfield pattern of an antenna from probe compensated near-field measurements over the surface of a right circular cylinder enclosing the antenna. The method is derived by first expanding both the field radiated by the antenna and the field radiated by the measurement probe, when it is used as a transmitter, into cylindrical wave expansions. The Lorentz reciprocity theorem is then used to solve for the field radiated by the antenna from the probe output voltage. It is shown rigorously that the antenna pattern can be determined independently of the characteristics of the measurement probe provided that certain calibration data are known. A method for determining these data from the measured far field radiated by the probe is described. It is shown that the necessary numerical integration can be performed with the fast Fourier transform algorithm. Experimental results are presented to validate the theory and to demonstrate its practicality from a measurement and computational viewpoint.     

HEMP模拟器的改进及测量探头的设计

针对国际电工委员会发布的高空核电磁脉冲（HEMP）波形新标准,对有界波电磁脉冲模拟器进行了改进：研制了新型纳秒液体开关,设计、制作了D-dot型电场监测探头,构成了一套完整的快前沿HEMP抗扰度实验系统。试验结果表明,改进后的模拟器可产生前沿小于2.0 ns,半峰宽25 ns,峰值50 kV/m的双指数电磁脉冲;通过与瑞士Montena公司生产的SEG2G型电场探头试验测量结果的比较,表明本文研制的测量系统完全满足设计要求。