基于互Wigner-Ville分布的到达角估计

研究了对线性调频信号的到达角估计;提出了基于互Wigner-Ville分布(XWVD)估计信号到达角的方法.通过时频分布,在时频面上进行信号预分选;根据XWVD时频脊点上的相位获得信号时延,从而获得信号到达角.该算法可实现多信号分辨,也可实现对时变频率信号的到达角估计.计算机仿真结果证实了该算法的有效性.     

基于信号循环平稳性的多径时延估计

本文提出了一种基于信号循环平稳性的多径时延估计算法将高分辨的已知信号多径时延估计方法一WRELAX算法,改造应用于观测信号的循环相关输出.一方面通过循环相关实现对噪声和干扰有效抑制,另一方面又使算法具备对多径时延的处理处理.仿真实验结果及分析证实了算法的有效性.     

基于Wi-Fi的室内实时角度定位算法

针对现有商用Wi-Fi接入点(Access Point,AP)天线的个数限制了基于多天线到达角(Angle of Arrival,AoA)高精度定位的问题,本文提出了一种基于Wi-Fi的室内实时角度定位算法.提出了基于Wi-Fi系统的角度估计算法,能够在天线数量以及快拍数少的情况下快速地估计直视(Line of Sight,LoS)路径的到达角,保证定位的实时性;利用IEEE 802.11 Saleh-Valenzuela(S-V)信道模型分析了多径信号对直达信号能量谱峰的影响;为了提高定位精度提出了基于天线选择的多AP联合定位算法;为了验证系统的有效性搭建了实时定位演示系统.本文通过实际测试验证了所提算法可以达到67％1.2m的定位精度,定位时延在0.5s以内.     

一种新颖的时延与到达角联合估计算法

本文提出了一种新颖,有效的时延与到达角联合估计算法.算法在频域空间建立了关于到达角向量和时延向量的可分维数据结构.利用PRO-ESPRIT算法获得了到达角的精确估计,同时借助子阵矩阵束的广义特征向量实现了不同时延向量的分离快速估计,并提出了基于ESPRIT的时延快速估计方法.仿真实验显示了本文算法计算量小,性能优良.     

动目标多径回波的时延、到达角和多普勒频率联合估计

动目标回波的时延、到达角与多普勒频率等参数,都是定位与跟踪目标所需的重要参数。本文针对动目标多径回波的参数估计问题,利用照射信号的周期重复性建立了具有旋转不变结构的阵列接收信号模型,并将PRO-ESPRIT算法应用于该信号模型,从而利用模型中的旋转不变因子及其对应的特征向量估计得到各多普勒频率、时延和到达角参数。这一方法对阵列形式没有特殊要求;与已有的联合估计方法相比,多参数联合估计时无需高维搜索或迭代,估得的对应相同回波的信号参数自动配对;在照射信号未知及存在相同多普勒频率参数的条件下,仍具适用性。计算机仿真结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

TDD CDMA通信系统中二维角度、时延和极化参数的可分离估计方法

在研究一维角度、时延和极化联合估计(JADPE)方法基础上,提出一种多径信道下的二维角度、时延和极化参数联合估计方法.该方法将极化敏感阵列天线和TDD CDMA系统结合起来,研究了TDD CDMA系统多用户、多径情况下联合参数估计问题,有效实现了TDD CDMA系统二维角度/时延/极化参数的高分辨联合估计.该方法通过引...     

频率、二维到达角和极化联合估计

在宽频段内多信号多参量联合估计已成为许多研究课题,例如,。未知辐射源识别,有效对消等等的重要研究内容,信号频率与二维到达角、二维到达角与极化的联合估计已开展研究,但信号频率二维到达角和极化联合估计的研究尚未见报导,本文提出了利用交叉偶极子平面阵和ＥＳＰＲＩＴ算法实现频率、二维到达角和极化联合估计的新方法,分析了算法结构,计算机模拟结果证实了算法的有效性。     

混合信源背景下的DOA估计分步改进算法

信号在传输过程中会产生多径和电磁干扰,到达天线阵列后会同时存在非相干和相干信源,针对这种情况,文中提出了一种分步估计到达角的改进算法。该算法首先利用MUSIC算法估计非相干信源的到达角,然后在信号协方差矩阵中分离出相干信源的协方差矩阵,只对相干信源进行空间平滑估计出相干信源到达角。相比传统空间平滑算法,该算法在保持良好到达角分辨力的同时,减小了对天线阵列数的要求,在低信噪比时拥有更精确的估计能力。     

基于循环平稳性的约束自适应多径时延估计

在有多径信号、多通道非平稳干扰信号以及平稳背景噪声的情况下,不考虑多径信号传输的时延估计方法不能准确地估计时延,甚至估计性能会恶化.为此,本文提出了基于循环平稳性的约束自适应多径时延估计算法,并对算法的收敛性能进行了分析.该算法可以有效地抑制干扰和噪声的影响,在低信噪比的情况下直接地、准确地进行自适应多径时延估计,特别对噪声是空间相关的情形也适用,克服了传统算法不能直接估计非整数倍采样间隔的时延和多径时延的缺点.计算机仿真试验验证了新方法的有效性.     

时频干涉仪到达角估计性能分析

传统干涉仪测向是对单个脉冲信号测向的，对于多信号没有分辨能力，对于线性调频等时变频率信号也不能直接应用。本文提出了一种时频干涉仪算法以实现对宽带线性调频信号的到达角（DOA）估计；同时该算法可实现多信号分辨；讨论了通道误差对算法性能的影响；分析表明，通道增益不一致不会造成DOA估计错误，而通道时延的不一致将造成DOA估计错误；给出了通道时延误差校正算法，通过校正可实现DOA的正确估计；计算机仿真结果证实了分析的正确性。     

Joint estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB system using a successive propagator method

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging and positioning require accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA). With receiver of two antennas, both of the TOA and DOA parameters can be estimated via two-dimensional (2D) propagator method (PM), in which the 2D spectral peak searching, however, renders much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive PM algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak searching. The proposed algorithm firstly gets the initial TOA estimates in the two antennas from the propagation matrix, then utilises successively one-dimensional (1D) local searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas, and finally obtains the DOA estimates via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm, which only requires 1D local searches, can avoid the high computational cost in 2D-PM algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired parameters and has better joint TOA and DOA estimation performance than conventional PM algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and matrix pencil algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close parameter estimation to that of 2D-PM algorithm. We have also derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in this paper. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

IR-UWB 系统中基于 root-MUSIC 算法的 TOA 和 DOA 联合估计简

针对二维多重信号分类算法可以估计出系统的到达时间(TOA, time-of-arrival)和波达方向(DOA, direction- of-arrival)参数,但需要复杂度非常高的二维谱峰搜索这一问题,提出了IR-UWB系统中基于求根MUSIC(root-MUSIC)的TOA和DOA联合估计算法,该算法对接收信号的频域形式建模,先估计出TOA,然后由TOA的差值计算出DOA,从而实现TOA和DOA的联合估计。该算法不需谱峰搜索,可直接给出估计参数的闭式解,还可实现参数配对。还推导了参数估计的误差方差。仿真结果表明,该算法的参数估计性能明显优于矩阵束算法、传播算子算法以及基于旋转不变技术估计信号参数算法,并且非常接近于2D-MUSIC算法,但该算法的复杂度却远远低于2D-MUSIC算法。     

基于TOA和DOA联合估计的UWB定位方法

对于UWB定位系统而言,利用时间参数估计信号源的位置需要多个参考节点,这样增加了系统的开销。如果参考节点既能估计目标源的时间参数又能估计角度参数,理论上一个参考节点就可以确定目标源的位置。该文提出一种UWB系统TOA(到达时间)和DOA(到达角度)参数联合估计的定位方法,该方法使用矩阵束算法估计出时间参数和角度参数,进而得到目标的相对坐标。该方法通过单个接收机就可以确定目标的位置,减少了定位系统负担。仿真实验证实了该方法估计时延和角度精度较高,而且定位精度能够达到厘米级,是一种简单可行的UWB系统定位方法。     

基于多维局部搜索的相干信号DOA估计算法

基于子空间类DOA估计算法具有很高的分辨率,但不适用于相干源测向,提出一种基于多维局部搜索的相干信号源DOA估计算法。首先,对协方差矩阵进行特征分解,获得叠加导向矢量空间。然后,对叠加导向矢量空间进行傅里叶变换,预估计信号方向和延迟系数。最后,以预估计结果为基点,通过多维局部搜索,精确估计相干信号入射方向。由于采用的是局部搜索方式,算法运算量非常小。仿真试验结果表明,提出的算法分辨率高,估计误差小。     

Joint Estimation of TOA and DOA in IR‐UWB System Using Sparse Representation Framework

This paper addresses the problem of joint time of arrival (TOA) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in impulse radio ultra‐wideband systems with a two‐antenna receiver and links the joint estimation of TOA and DOA to the sparse representation framework. Exploiting this link, an orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is used for TOA estimation in the two antennas, and then the DOA parameters are estimated via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm can work well with a single measurement vector and can pair TOA and DOA parameters. Furthermore, it has better parameter‐estimation performance than traditional propagator methods, such as, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithms matrix pencil algorithms, and other new joint‐estimation schemes, with one single snapshot. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

Joint Estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB System Using a Successive MUSIC Algorithm

Time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) are key parameters in the impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) positioning system with a two-antennas receiver. A two-dimensional (2D) multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, which requires the 2D spectral peak search, can be used to estimate the parameters, but it has much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive MUSIC algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak search. The proposed algorithm obtains the initial estimate of TOA corresponding to the first antenna via Root-MUSIC, and simplifies the 2D global search into successive one-dimensional searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas. It then estimates the DOA parameters via the difference of the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm can get the parameters paired automatically, and has a much lower complexity than 2D-MUSIC algorithm. In addition, we have derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer–Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in the paper. The simulation results show that the parameter estimation performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of Root-MUSIC, and is almost the same as that of 2D-MUSIC algorithm. Moreover, it has much better performance than matrix pencil algorithm, propagator method and estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm.     

Khatri-Rao积变换下的离格信号DOA估计

当存在离格信号时,基于稀疏表示的波达角(DOA)估计算法性能损失严重.为解决这个问题,在对接收数据协方差矩阵进行Khatri-Rao积变换的基础上,推导了离格信号网格偏离量与紧邻信号原子系数之间的关系,提出了一种单一离格信号DOA估计方法.为提高对邻近离格信号DOA的估计性能,利用矩阵的广义逆性质提出了基于多原子系数的联合估计方法.仿真实验表明,单一离格信号DOA估计方法在低信噪比下有较好的性能,联合估计方法在高信噪比条件下对邻近离格信号DOA有较高的估计精度,同时所提算法估计性能几乎不受网格划分间距的影响,可以通过增大网格间距降低算法运算量.相关研究对阵列天线DOA估计具有一定的参考价值.     

浅水多途环境下地震波传感器二维DOA估计

利用单个三轴地震波传感器可对水中目标进行被动探测和定位,为了提高地震波传感器的目标分辨能力,将MUSIC算法用于单地震波传感器的方位估计中。针对传统MUSIC方法在相干信号源条件中性能下降的问题,提出斜投影极化分离方法对水中多径传播信号进行分离,在不同的极化状态空间对目标的空间谱进行估计实现水中目标的高分辨方位估计。仿真结果表明,该方法依靠单个地震波传感器便可实现浅水多途环境下的高分辨方位估计。湖试数据的处理结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Joint Estimation of Time Delay and Clock Error in the Incoherent Reception Systems

The assumption that observed signals are ideally received is commonly used in the literature on time-delay estimation. However, for practical digital receivers, the received radio-frequency signals are usually downconverted to the baseband and digitized by analog-to-digital converters. Because inaccurate and unstable system clocks are used, frequency and phase offsets are usually induced by the frequency-mixing procedure, whereas a time stretch may ensue from the sampling procedure. The aforementioned problems are almost inevitable for incoherent reception systems. Therefore, the neglect of imperfect reception for incoherent systems may reduce the performance of conventional time-delay estimation methods. In this paper, employing refined signal models developed specifically for incoherent time-delay estimation in active and passive systems, the corresponding joint maximum likelihood estimates of time delay and system-clock frequency error are proposed. The Cramér–Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) on time-delay and clock frequency error estimations are also derived. The performance of the proposed time-delay estimators can be improved for frequency/phase offsets and time stretches, approaching the performance of the CRLBs in scenarios of moderate and high signal-to-noise ratios. Furthermore, both CRLBs analysis and simulation results verify that the accuracy of the proposed time-delay estimator is unaffected by the performance of the system clock in moderate scenarios.     

空间任意阵的多宽带信源定位算法性能研究

针对宽带信号非平稳特性,以及常用宽带DOA估计算法要求信源个数是已知的情况,提出一种新的基于空间任意阵的非平稳信号DOA估计算法。首先,通过短时傅里叶变换将信号转为频域表示,然后构造阵列频域数据模型,最后利用短时功率谱矩阵的联合对角化特性实现宽带信号的波达方向估计。本文对提出的算法进行了理论分析,并在常见阵型（如线阵、十字阵）上进行了仿真和性能分析,仿真结果表明该算法可高分辨率地估计出DOA,并且估计误差小。相对于已有的MUSIC谱估计方法,该算法无需进行信源个数估计,更具实用性。