基于信号分离估计理论的GPS多径抑制算法

信号多径效应是全球卫星定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)定位误差的主要来源之一.虽然差分技术可以提高导航系统的定位精度,但由于参考站和用户所处的地理环境不同,因此差分GPS系统仍然不能消除由于卫星信号多径所引起的定位误差.根据GPS多径信号模型的特点,本文提出了一种基于信号分离估计理论的GPS时延估计算法.该算法在信号时延未知情况下,先估计出信号的载波频率,然后根据估计得到频率,利用信号分离估计理论估计信号时延.仿真结果表明,该方法具有很好的估计精度,能够准确的估计出信号时延和频率,有效地抑制信号多径.当存在多径时,本文方法效果明显好于常规方法,并在大多数情况下优于常用的窄带相关算法.     

一种改进的窄带GPS接收机的抗多径干扰技术

GPS(Global Positioning System)在全球范围内得到了越来越广泛的应用,车载和手持市场的普及使GPS接收机的应用环境变得很复杂.多径干扰成为GPS定位精度的误差主要来源.窄带GPS接收机有着良好的抗干扰能力,但是其抗多径性能却不太理想.传统的窄带抗多径技术收敛时间过长,不能满足工程应用.本文提出了一种改进的窄带GPS接收机的抗多径干扰技术,大大提高了收敛速度,并且在抗多径性能上又略有改善.     

基于降秩空时联合处理的GPS多径干扰抑制

GPS测量,尤其是差分GPS测量,多径信号是主要的误差来源,会引起定位精确度的恶化。因此基于GPS多径影响分析,提出采用空时处理抗多径的方法,但是由于大的计算量,必须做降秩处理,并给出了仿真的结果。     

GNSS信号多门延迟结构的多径抑制性能分析

多径干扰不具备空间相关性,难以通过差分方法消除,是影响全球导航卫星系统定位精度的关键因素之一。从接收机处理的导航信号受前端带宽限制以及近距离多径干扰更需抑制两个角度出发,提出了一种基于多门延迟(MGD)结构的多径干扰抑制方法,推导了带宽受限时MGD结构的多径误差的数学表达式,以加权和非加权多径误差包络面积最小作为目标函数,优化了该结构中早迟门系数,并以典型导航信号SinBOC(10,5)为例来说明该方法的性能。结果表明:对于SinBOC(10,5),该方法多径误差包络面积小于高分辨率相关器(HRC)方法至少15%;当前端带宽较大时,该方法对于较小和中等延迟的多径信号的抑制能力优于HRC方法。     

GPS系统的误差分析和抑制方法

针对GPS系统出现的误差进行研究分析。对电离层和对流层所形成的误差,通过修正模型减少对系统的影响,达到了很好的消除和抑制作用;采用多径估计延迟锁相环算法对多径产生的误差进行抑制,实验证明：该算法技术资源要求不大,易于在硬件上实现。     

一种基于MEDLL改进算法的多径估计方法

在卫星通信系统中,噪声环境下的多径估计是消除多径干扰的前提.提出了一种基于MEDLL改进算法的多径估计方法,该方法先估计接收信号中多径信号幅度、相位和时间延迟参数,继而计算多径效应的误差值,从接收信号中分离多径信号,同时给出了基于MEDLL改进算法的理论推导过程.仿真结果表明该方法获得的接收信号误差很小,比一般的MEDLL算法在性能和精度上有很大改进,能够更有效地抑制多径效应,提高信号精度.结合信号接收机的实现原理,给出了该算法的实现过程.     

脉冲超宽带定位单元设计及应用测试

脉冲超宽带技术(Impulse Radio-Ultra Wideband,IR-UWB)具有传输速率高、测距精度高、抗多径干扰能力强、功耗低的优点。采用IR-UWB技术可有效解决现有定位系统定位精度差、定位精度不稳定的缺点。应用IR-UWB技术设计射频定位系统通信节点,采用双向双边测距算法(Symmetric Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging,SDS-TWR)保证测距精度,在室内环境对测距误差进行了测试,并采用到达时间(Time of Arrive,To A)定位算法设计定位单元,测试结果表明IR-UWB定位技术在室内可达到分米级定位精度。     

基于粒子群优化的多径辅助室内定位算法

由于室内多径信号丰富且包含了室内几何信息,可以利用室内多径信号对目标进行定位.基于此,本文提出了一种多径辅助的目标定位算法.首先,利用多径信号的差分飞行时间（Time of Flight,TOF）构建关于目标以及散射体位置的适应度函数;然后,提出了基于粒子群优化（Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO）的目标及散射体位置联合搜索算法,其中利用目标及散射体到达角（Angle of Arrival,AOA）确定搜索范围;其次,选取搜索到的散射体位置联合差分TOF求解目标位置;最后,利用仿射传播聚类（Affinity Propagation Clustering,APC）对所有散射体估计到的目标位置进行聚类,提出聚类准则消除大的定位误差点.仿真结果表明,本文所提算法利用单个基站可以达到较高定位精度.     

TRM-FMM室内无线定位技术

在室内多径环境下信号视距传播易受障碍物影响,导致现有的一些室内定位技术对室内环境分布的估计较为困难。时间反转镜( TRM)室内无线定位技术可以有效地减少室内多径效应对信号的影响以及复杂环境造成的延时。但是,若没有信号传输信道的信息,常规TRM技术的定位精度就会大打折扣。针对该问题,给出了一种基于快速行进算法( FMM)的TRM室内无线定位方法。该方法首先利用FMM和同时代数重建算法( SART )迭代更新计算室内环境分布,然后使用估计结果进行TRM定位。仿真结果显示,对于小型规模的目标物体定位误差约为1.84 cm,在未知室内信道信息的仿真环境下,该方法比常规TRM技术的定位精度提高约32.90倍。     

蜂窝移动定位系统定位精度提高算法的研究进展

提高蜂窝移动定位系统的定位精度是定位技术在CDMA系统中广泛应用的关键。针对提高移动定位精度算法的研究,分别从基本定位算法、非视距传播误差消除算法、抗多径干扰时延估计和抗多址干扰算法、数据融合定位方法等几个方面进行了详细的分析和讨论,综述了该领域的最新研究进展,提出了自己的观点。最后对移动定位精度提高算法研究的未来进行了展望。     

GPS多径抑制方法的研究与实现

实际的全球定位系统(GPS)测量中,因为多径效应的影响而使定位精度降低.而环路滤波方法中的Strobe相关器可以有效抑制长多径,但对短多径常常无效.为克服此缺点,在传统Strobe相关器的基础上,细化对于同相多径的情况下建模,对于传统Strobe相关器的表达式进行修正,得到改进型Strobe相关器.接着结合SPIREN...     

Use of Deeply Integrated GPS/INS Architecture and Laser Scanners for the Identification of Multipath Reflections in Urban Environments

This paper investigates the constructive use of multipath reflections of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals for navigation in urban environments. Urban navigation applications are generally characterized by a significant presence of multipath signals. In order to maintain reliable and accurate navigation capabilities, it is critical to distinguish between direct signal and multipath. At the same time, multipath reflections can be exploited as additional measurements for those cases where the number of direct path satellites is insufficient to compute the navigation solution. The paper develops a method for the identification of multipath reflections in received satellite signals: i.e., multipath is separated from direct signal and a line-of-site between the GPS receiver and a multipath reflecting object is determined. Once multipath reflections are identified, they can be used constructively for navigation. The method presented in the paper exploits an open-loop batch-processing GPS receiver, laser scanner and inertial navigation system (INS) to identify multipath reflections in received satellite signals. Experimental GPS, inertial and laser scanner data collected in real urban environments are applied to demonstrate identification of multipath reflections.     

码相关参考波形技术在卫星导航信号中的多径抑制性能研究

由于多径信号的弱相关性，无法通过差分技术加以消除，多径误差已经成为当前测距、定位中的主要误差源。通过理论分析和仿真验证表明：码相关参考波形技术(CCRW)具有比窄相关、双 delta 算法更为优异的多径抑制性能。以北斗 B1I 信号为例在工程样机进行实验验证，结果表明 CCRW 可以抑制除零码片附近的所有多径信号。通过选取不同的参考波形，可以简化接收机通道逻辑设计，达到节约硬件逻辑资源、降低接收机功耗的目的，具有良好的应用前景。     

Galileo系统中MBOC调制信号及性能分析

MBOC(Multiplexed Binary Offset Carrier)调制是GalileoE1频段以及GPS L1C频段推荐使用的一种优化调制方式。与BOC调制相比,MBOC调制方式的功率谱密度函数提供了更为丰富的高频分量,因此具有更高的伪码跟踪精度和抗多径性能。Galileo E1 OS采用了CBOC(6,1,1/11)(Composite Binary Offset Carrier)的方式实现MBOC调制。通过MATLAB仿真,对该信号的自相关函数、频谱特性进行了研究,并且通过与BOC调制信号的比对,证明了MBOC在码跟踪特性和抗多径性能方面的优越性。     

A multipath mitigation discriminator for GPS receiver

A novel technique for mitigating the multipath-induced code delay estimation error in Global Positioning System (GPS) is proposed. In contrast to conventional methods that aim to eliminate multipath signals, the proposed method exploits them to enhance the direct signal without affecting the accuracy of GPS code delay estimates. To achieve this, coherent accumulation of the received GPS signals is first done by transforming the received data into frequency domain and the parameters of multipath signals are then estimated by sparse reconstruction algorithm. Subsequently, a modified local reference signal is employed in delay lock loop (DLL) of the GPS receiver, which mitigates the pseudo-range estimation error and increases the correlation value of direct GPS signal. Simulation results demonstrate the performance and robustness of the proposed method.     

Mitigation of Multipath Effects Based on a Robust Fractional Order Bidirectional Least Mean Square (FOBLMS) Beamforming Algorithm for GPS Receivers

Consideration on positioning and location services among the public has been increasing in the recent years with their applications in most of the anticipating milieus such as automobile navigation system etc. This insists for a development of high recitation global navigation satellite system such as global positioning system (GPS). Multipath effects, interference, signal jamming etc. are the major sources of error influencing the performance of the GPS receiver. Literature presents many of the multipath mitigation techniques. Among them, adaptive processing technology based beamforming algorithms appears a viable solution for multipath mitigation. The least mean square (LMS) beamforming algorithms were sensitive to dynamic environments thus affecting the accuracy of GPS. In this paper, an adaptive beamforming algorithm called fractional order bidirectional least mean square (FOBLMS) algorithm is proposed to mitigate the multipath effects and to conceal the jammer signal in a GPS receiver. The FOBLMS is an integration of the fractional calculus and bidirectional least mean square algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated using the bit error rate and experimentation gain results over the existing beamforming algorithms. Experimental results demonstrated that the performance of the proposed beamforming algorithm is better than LMS algorithm with maximal relative antenna gain of 28.92 dB, 32.84 dB for two and four element antenna arrays at ??60° and 10°, direction of arrivals respectively. The outcome of this work would be useful for developing a robust technique for multipath mitigation in GPS receivers.

     

基于GPS／INS与天线阵列的导航系统抗干扰设计与分析

详细分析了GPS/INS紧耦合模型的结构和数学模型,给出了相应的EKF算法。分析了单级MVDR(Minimun Variance Distortionless Response)波束形成技术的缺陷,建立了多级MVDR波束形成技术的设计模型。在此基础上,给出了基于GPS/INS与天线阵列相结合的导航系统抗干扰设计模型。最后对该系统的输出载波噪声比和位置误差进行了仿真分析,结果表明,单级波束形成技术由于受到自由度的限制,在多干扰存在情况下产生较大的距离误差,而多级波束形成技术可以有效抑制多干扰信号存在的影响,保证导航系统的可靠工作。     

Symbol Timing Acquisition for Collaborative OFDM WLAN-Based A-GPS

Wide deployment of the 802.11g/n protocols for implementing next generation WLAN has encouraged research on the integration of these networks and GPS as a promising approach to enhance GPS for indoor positioning. WLAN, or WiFi, using the 802.11 standards, can be employed in several different ways as a complementary positioning technology for GPS navigation and the two can be used in an integrated framework to provide a continuous and robust positioning service. This paper presents receiver-level integration of 802.11g OFDM signals and GPS for a WiFi-based assisted-GPS acquisition in a multipath NLOS environment. Although previous research has been conducted to accomplish A-GPS systems using assistance information from other wireless networks (such as cellular networks), a lack of research exists to exploit 802.11 WLAN signals in order to provide complete assistance information including frequency, approximate user position and fine time assistance. Several practical time-domain OFDM timing techniques are evaluated under multipath conditions and an algorithm for relative time estimation is developed that is sufficient to enable an effective and complete WiFi-based A-GPS service. The proposed system can be deployed in places where WiFi coverage is available and where there is no or limited access to other synchronized systems. Examples include WiFi enabled mobile devices deployed on university campuses, hospitals and shopping malls, or tablet computers being used on public WiFi networks.     

Multipath error mitigation based on wavelet transform in L1 GPS receivers for kinematic applications

GPS positioning issue has been experienced a surge of interest for multipath mitigation in the past few years. Multipath disturbance is a challenging error in high precision GPS positioning particularly in kinematic mode where the moving receiver undergoes different multipath circumstances. Diverse hardware and software approaches have been implemented to reduce this error in both static and kinematic modes. We have proposed an algorithm to alleviate C/A code multipath in kinematic mode. Our proposed scheme falls into software group where wavelet transform (WT) has been used as the main basis. Of course, we have used stationary wavelet transform (SWT) as the key idea of our proposed method that makes it possible to investigate all frequency sub-bands. Consequently, it would be possible to extract multipath disturbance since it is considered to be a low frequency term. After applying SWT to double difference (DD) residuals, the multipath error is extracted and used to correct DD observations. In this paper, we have designed three experiments to study our proposed method efficiency under different conditions in comparison with existing algorithms.