扩散板表面微结构对均匀度与透光率的影响

基于Light Tools光学分析软件分析了光在球形微结构扩散板和圆锥及金字塔两种非球形微结构扩散板内的传输过程,比较了球形微结构扩散板和非球形微结构扩散板的均匀度和透光率;进一步分析了金字塔非球形微结构的顶角γ和切削量H对扩散板均匀度和透光率的影响。结果表明,金字塔非球形微结构扩散板的均匀度高于圆锥非球形微结构和球形微结构两种扩散板的均匀度,透光率介于圆锥非球形微结构扩散板和球形微结构扩散板之间。金字塔非球形微结构顶角γ越大,透光率越高,当γ=100°时,扩散板的综合光学性能最好,透光率达82.1%,均匀度达82.4%;切削量H越大,透光率越大,均匀度先增大后减小,当H=0.04mm,扩散板的综合光学性能最好,透光率为84.2%,均匀度为86.2%。     

PDLC膜的光学特性

应用光学基本原理对聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)膜的光学特性进行描述,分析聚合物分散液晶微滴中液晶分子排列方式与液晶折射率的关系,并介绍表征PDLC膜散射本领的重要参数的雾度概念及雾度测试方法和表征PDLC膜透光本领的重要参数的透光率概念及透光率的测试方法。     

基于模拟退火的火灾烟颗粒粒径反演

火灾烟颗粒粒径分布的反演是一个典型的病态问题,容易因为陷入局部最小值而丢失全局最优解。在详细分析了随机噪声对烟颗粒群光散射Mueller矩阵元随角度分布的影响之后,采用全局搜索能力很强的模拟退火算法,实现了对球形模型下单分散系和对数正态分布系的粒径反演,在有相对强度为信号最大值3%的随机噪声干扰下,反演结果的误差都小于0.3%。然后使用该反演程序对烟颗粒分形凝团的散射光数据进行反演,得出了不同分形维数的火灾烟颗粒分形凝团在球形模型下的光学等效半径,并且火灾烟颗粒分形凝团的回转半径与光学等效半径之间具有近似线性关系。     

激光透射焊接聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯试验研究

采用YAG激光透射焊接聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)板材,对其工艺、焊接区形貌和拉伸性能进行了研究。结果表明:在未添加吸光剂条件下,激光功率高于200W时,透明和黑色PMMA板激光透射焊接性能良好,上层透明PMMA材料的激光入射面无烧蚀损伤,拉伸试验中透明PMMA板断开,焊接区无开裂,最大载荷为2110N。激光功率低于200W时,单道焊接条件下焊接区被拉开,最大载荷1170N。透明PMMA板和其他颜色PMMA板在焊接时,需要添加吸光剂。采用黑色热塑性丙烯酸树脂为吸光剂的条件下,焊接效果较好。     

一种用于太阳能电池背电极的超细球形铝粉浆料

采用具有不同粒径级配的球形铝粉制备了能够与硅片形成性能良好太阳能电池背电极的铝浆,并在硅片上制备了铝电极膜。研究了铝粉粒径级配对铝电极膜性能的影响。结果表明:随着超细球形铝粉(0.5~2.0μm)含量的增多,铝电极膜层的填充性、致密性得到了增强,太阳能电池的光电转换效率η得到了提高;与不含超细球形铝粉的样品相比,w(超细球形铝粉)为8%时的太阳能电池的η提高了约4%。超细球形铝粉含量过多(如15%)时,铝电极膜表面容易析出铝珠,电极膜机械强度降低甚至出现灰化脱落。     

分散橙25 掺杂的聚合物PMMA 薄膜全光极化的研究

制备了以分散橙25 为客体的掺杂型有机聚合物PMMA 薄膜样品,对之进行了全光极化研究,极化使薄膜产生诱导二阶非线性光学效应,种子光的强度越大,其二阶非线性极化率达到的饱和值越大;种子光的位相差、相对强度化、光场强度等因素影响薄膜的二阶非线性的优劣。     

基于光学的粒径测量方法研究进展

粒径测量技术广泛应用于能源、材料、医药、化工、冶金、电子、机械、轻工、建筑等诸多领域, 对于改善产品质量、提高生产效率、降低能源消耗、实现精准医疗、监测环境污染等具有十分重要的意义。基于光学原理的粒径测量方法具有响应速度快、粒径测量范围可达纳米级等优势, 但也存在一些问题, 需要不断完善。总结了基于光学原理的3类粒径测量方法, 即显微镜法、光散射法、激光成像法; 介绍了各种方法的测量原理和应用领域, 对比分析了不同粒径测量方法的测量范围和优缺点。在此基础上对粒径测量方法的发展方向进行了展望。     

分散橙25 掺杂的聚合物PMMA 薄膜全光极化的研究

制备了以分散橙25为客体的掺杂型有机聚合物PMMA薄膜样品，对之进行了全光极化研究，极化使薄膜产生诱导二阶非线性光学效应，种子光的强度越大，其二阶非线性极化率达到的饱和值越大；种子光的位相差、相对强度化、光场强度等因素影响薄膜的二阶非线性的优劣。     

干拉法制备散射偏光片实验研究

散射偏光片是一种外观半透明略带雾度状态的新型光学功能薄膜材料。当自然光入射,一半光透射,一半光散射。这种散射偏光片在透明投影屏幕上具有应用前景,但还没有实现产业化。本文采用干法拉伸聚乙烯醇掺杂液晶(PVA∶LC)制备散射偏光片。首先,配制聚乙烯醇掺杂液晶水溶液乳胶,在平板玻璃上通过流延晾干成膜;然后采用小型拉伸机,边烘烤加热边拉伸至原长的4倍左右,制备出散射偏光片样品;最后,通过实验测试得出样品的透光率40%,偏振度57%。以样品作屏幕观察投影效果,结果显示投影偏振光与样品透光轴正交背投影效果最好。本文对于实现散射偏光片的产业化研究具有重要参考意义。     

球形微细碳酸钡粉体的制备

研究了PTC元件专用球形微细碳酸钡粉体的制备方法,最佳工艺条件为:反应温度50℃,陈化时间30 min,原料混合方式为对加,工艺过程中添加复合型晶形转化剂、获得了含量为99.75％、压缩密度约为2.7g·cm~(-3)、粒径在0.5μm左右的球形碳酸钡粉体。     

0.55 µm 激光在复杂组分雾霾中的散射传输特性

基于典型雾霾粒子的消光、吸收、散射截面、不对称因子参量和粒径分布函数的分析, 运用蒙特卡罗方法研 究了不同组分、不同混合方式的雾霾介质中波长 0.55 µm 激光的传输散射特性, 比较了典型污染物颗粒介质对光的透 射率影响。研究表明, 同等浓度下, 硫酸铵介质对光的透射率最高, 碳溶胶介质的透射率最低, 且雾霾的透射率小于灰 霾透射率。此外, 对不同混合状态簇团粒子组成介质的透射率比较分析表明, 典型污染物粒子外混合状态和内混合状 态对光的衰减性几乎相同, 而雾霾介质中水组分的分布对光的透射率有明显的影响。     

一种浓度可控雾霾环境仿真系统设计与实现

雾霾环境是影响光电系统作战效能的重要因素。外场环境下雾霾条件不可控,难以满足光电系统雾霾条件下性能测试重复性要求。设计并实现了一种浓度可控雾霾环境仿真系统,可生成水雾、尘雾、烟雾等不同种类雾霾,采用浓度百分比控制方法,实现了薄雾、中雾、浓雾等不同浓度雾霾的定量化控制。实验表明:该仿真系统可生成能见度50¹ 000 m的雾霾,能模拟大气透过率为0.351 000 m的雾霾,能模拟大气透过率为0.35¹自然雾霾环境。在此创新地采用内外场环境等效模型方法,实现了内外场不同雾霾粒子大小对光电系统影响效果的等效,在内场实现了可控的定量化雾霾环境。     

Acrylic Nanocomposite Resins for Use in Stereolithography and Structural Light Modulation Based Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Manufacturing Technologies

A novel family of optically transparent acrylic nanocomposites containing up to 30 wt % silica nanoparticles with an average diameter of 20 nm was developed for application in structural light modulation (SLM) and stereolithography (SL) technologies. The uniform dispersion of nanoparticles affords a significantly improved toughness/stiffness‐balance of the photopolymerized and postcured nanocomposites. It is possible to increase stiffness, as expressed by Young's modulus, from 1290 to 1700 MPa without encountering the embrittlement typical for many other conventional filled polymers. Fracture behaviour is examined by means of fracture mechanics investigation and SEM analyses of fracture surfaces. According to TEM analyses and measurement of optical transmittance remarkable uniform dispersion of silica nanoparticles was achieved. The silica nanoparticle concentrations up to 17 wt % give only marginally higher viscosities and do not affect transmittance, while slightly increasing the exposure times needed in photopolymerization. Moreover, the silica nanoparticles afford materials with reduced shrinkage and improved properties. The green effective ankle splay out (EASO) measured on H‐shaped diagnostic specimens, is significantly reduced for the nanocomposite materials from 1.38 mm for the unfilled material to 0.82 mm for nanocomposites containing 30 wt % nanosilica. The building accuracy is increased significantly with increasing content of silica nanofillers.     

Built‐In Haze Glass‐Fabric Reinforced Siloxane Hybrid Film for Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)

Substrates with high transmittance and high haze are desired for increasing the light outcoupling efficiency of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, most of the polymer films used as substrate have high transmittance and low haze. Herein, a facile route to fabricate a built‐in haze glass‐fabric reinforced siloxane hybrid (GFRH) film having high total transmittance (≈89%) and high haze (≈89%) is reported using the scattering effect induced by refractive index contrast between the glass fabric and the siloxane hybrid (hybrimer). The hybrimer exhibiting large refractive index contrast with the glass fabric is synthesized by removing the phenyl substituents. Besides its optical properties, the hazy GFRH films exhibit smooth surface (R_sq = 0.2 nm), low thermal expansion (13 ppm °C⁻¹), high chemical stability, and dimensional stability. Owing to the outstanding properties of the GFRH film, OLED is successfully fabricated onto the film exhibiting 74% external quantum efficiency enhancement. The hazy GFRH's unique optical properties, excellent thermal stability, outstanding dimensional stability, and the ability to perform as a transparent electrode enable them as a wide ranging substrate for the flexible optoelectronic devices.     

霾天气气溶胶谱分布特征分析

霾天气是一种常见的天气现象,它严重影响大气能见度和大气光传输。为了研究霾气溶胶的特性,利用粒子计数器对不同地区霾天气气溶胶实际测量结果使用Junge谱和对数正态谱对霾气溶胶粒子谱进行拟合,得到不同地区霾气溶胶粒子谱分布的特征,最后还分析了霾天气过程中气溶胶粒子大小随相对湿度的变化规律。     

利用SiO2颗粒增强薄膜太阳能电池中硅膜对入射可见光的吸收

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS：Tetraethoxysilane)、氨水、乙醇(EtOH：Ethyl Alcoh01)、去离子水为原料，采用溶胶-凝胶法，在普通玻璃衬底的上表面制备出一层最大粒径在400nm左右的SiO2颗粒，利用这层颗粒对可见光的散射作用，提高Si薄膜对入射可见光的吸收率。在相同的沉积条件下，分别在带有该层颗粒的玻璃和普通玻璃的E表面沉积了同样厚度的Si薄膜，制成两组样品。通过比较这两组样品在可见光波段的漫反射率和透射率以及Si薄膜样品的暗电导和定态光电导，证明该层颗粒增强了Si薄膜对入射可见光的吸收，有一定的实用前景。     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的烟幕透过率计算与分析

烟幕透过率是表征烟幕干扰性能的重要参数。以等效粒径为0.1μm的石墨为例,就不同形状的石墨粒子组成的烟幕,基于蒙特卡罗方法对烟幕透过率进行了数值计算。利用Mie散射理论和离散偶极子近似(DDA)方法分别计算了球形粒子、椭球形粒子和圆柱形粒子对1.06μm波长的入射光单次散射的消光参量。对于入射光在烟幕中的传输,建立了蒙特卡罗模拟计算模型,利用MATLAB语言编制了相应的计算程序,给出了不同纵横比的椭球形粒子和圆柱形粒子相应的烟幕透过率计算结果,并和等体积球粒子相应的烟幕透过率进行了比较分析。结果表明:透过率与烟幕中粒子形状、粒子数密度、入射光的入射角度及烟幕厚度有关,粒子形状越偏离球形,对应透过率越小。     

Near-Infrared emission from PbS Quantum Dots in polymer matrix

PbS quantum dots were prepared in the aqueous medium from readily available precursors. The shape of the particles isapproximately spherical, and the average particle size observed from HRTEM image was 7-8 nm. We applied PbS quantumdots and PMMA polymer to fabricate PbS quantum dots-PMMA composites, and investigate the photoluminescence PbSquantum dots in PMMA matrix with different mass ratio. PbS quantum dots in PMMA matrix have broad emission be-tween 900 nm and 1 500 nm and photoluminescence peak at 1 179 nm. Additionally, the photoluminescence intensityincreases with increasing the dopant concentration. PbS quantum dots-PMMA polymer composites can be potentially usedfor polymer optical fiber and electroluminescence (EL) in optical communication.     

应变液晶调光显示有机玻璃制品的制备及其应用

为将应变液晶调光显示应用于小尺寸显示领域,特选用比重较小、机械强度较高的有机玻璃材料来制作样品。制作基于应变液晶原理。在样品制备时,采用卡通图案遮挡部分区域,进行初次强光较短时间曝光,得到有卡通图案的制品,遮光处形成透明状态,无遮光部位处于散射状态;撤掉掩膜再进行第二次弱光较长时间曝光,原透明处变弱散射半透明,原散射处充分固化变强散射部位。样品未受外力时,无遮光部分透过率低,遮光部分透过率高,形成显示;对制品施加剪切应力,整个制品变成半透明状态,遮光部分和无遮光部分透过率均较高,显示图案消隐。有机玻璃样品比玻璃样品更适合制造玩具和旅游纪念章、会展吉祥物等小商品,具有广泛的应用前景。     

High‐Performance Hazy Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes through Diameter Tailoring for Semitransparent Photovoltaics

Solution‐processed metal nanowire networks have attracted substantial attention as clear transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) to replace metal oxides for low‐cost and flexible touch panels and displays. While targeting photovoltaic applications, TCEs are expected to be more hazy for enhancing light absorption in the active layer, but are still required to retain high transmittance and low sheet resistance. Balancing these properties (haze, transmittance, and conductivity) in TCEs to realize high performance but high haze simultaneously is a challenge because they are mutually influenced. Here, by precisely tailoring the diameter of thick–long silver nanowires using rapid radial electrochemical etching, high hazy flexible TCEs are fabricated with high figure of merit of up to 741 (4 Ω sq^?1 at 88.4% transmittance with haze of 13.3%), surpassing those of commercialized brittle hazy metal oxides and exhibiting superiority for photovoltaic applications. Laminating such TCEs onto the perovskite solar cells as top electrodes, the obtained semitransparent devices exhibit power efficiencies up to 16.03% and 11.12% when illuminated from the bottom and top sides, respectively, outperforming reported results based on similar device architecture. This study provides a simple strategy for flexible and hazy TCEs fabrication, which is compatible with mild solution‐processed photovoltaic devices, especially those containing heat‐sensitive or chemical‐sensitive materials.