基于多播的移动IP位置管理的研究

提出了一种通过多播中组管理功能完成移动IP位置管理方法。每一个自治网络中都设置一个移动路由代理（MA），形成一个管理移动节点位置绑定信息的虚拟专用网，通过将与移动主机通信的节点联合起来构成一棵多播树，使网络中各节点相互合作维护移动节点的位置更新。设计了绑定信息表的存储结构和管理移动位置绑定信息的算法。模拟实验表明，提出的基于多播的位置管理方案能够使通信对端实时了解移动节点的转交地址，减少向家乡代理注册的时间和次数，减小了传输延迟，为实时业务传输提供较好的支持。同时减轻了家乡代理和各主机的负担，使移动IP的性能得到优化。     

嵌套移动网络中基于代价函数的自适应路由优化机制

该文针对嵌套移动网络中的路由优化问题,依据子网的实时通信和运动模式,提出了一种自适应路由优化机制。该机制将嵌套子网划分绑定更新、均衡通信和数据路由3种通信模式,在不同模式下采取相对应的路由优化策略,合理均衡绑定更新和数据隧道封装传输之间的代价开销。仿真结果表明,该机制减少了数据传输的封装次数和隧道长度,具有较小的传输时延,实现了移动过程中数据传输代价最小化,对子网的动态变化具有良好的适应性。     

移动IPv6管理策略与仿真的研究

文章研究了移动IPv6管理策略问题。根据层次化移动IPv6路由和控制方法，通过仿真计算与分析．得出此局部频繁切换的移动IPv6控制方法能有效减少注册、绑定更新给网络性能带来的代价，使网络性能得到改善。     

移动IPv6 Bootstrapping研究

移动IPv6通过移动节点(MN)家乡地址绑定注册实现对移动性的支持,MN向家乡代理的注册必须提供家乡地址、家乡代理地址和家乡代理安全关联,移动IPv6基本协议假设以上信息总是存在于MN之上,并未考虑实际部署中的复杂情况。文中重点分析了该问题,把MN动态获得家乡代理注册信息的过程定义为Bootstrapping,考虑了MN在不同网络部署情况下的Bootstrapping,给出了一种可能的解决思路。     

LEO卫星IP网络中的切换管理研究

为了缓解LEO卫星IP网络的注册和绑定更新频率并降低切换延时,提出了基于虚拟移动路由器(VMR)的切换管理方案.当发生切换时,与用户段网络的移动路由器关联的VMR根据损耗函数决定是否转移以及向用户段的家乡代理发送注册和绑定更新消息.文中描述了VMR的数据结构、操作流程和损耗函数模型,并进行了仿真试验.试验结果表明,该方案实现了切换与注册与绑定更新过程的分离,可以应用在LEO卫星IP网络中.     

WLAN的移动IPv6快速切换研究

移 动 IPv6 标准切换包括移动 节点的二层切换、路由发 现、重复地址检测(DAD)、家 乡代理绑定更新(BU)、通信节 点绑定更新这几个环节,在此期 间移动节点不能收发应用的 IP 分 组。在无线链路质量不佳,或者 家乡代理与移动节点距离遥远等 情况下,标准切换过程引起的分 组传输延时和分组丢失无法满足 实时业务的要求。 移动 IPv6 的快速移动切换 研究是当前的一个热点,IETF 对 此提出了移动 IPv6 快速移动切换(FMIPv6)草案。FMIPv6 利用移 动节点或网络的二层链路信息, 对移动切换事件进行预测或快速 响应,通…     

移动IPv6切换时延优化新方法

移动IPv6中,移动节点(MN)在不同子网间移动时,既不中断与通信对端(CN)的通信,也不用改变其本身的IP地址.但是当MN与其家乡代理(HA)之间相距较远时,移动IPv6切换时延较大,对于实时性要求较高的业务无法适用.本文分析比较了目前移动IPv6常用的切换时延优化方法,提出了一种自适应快速层次移动IPv6切换时延优化方法,减小了移动IPv6切换时延,提高了网络的性能.     

基于WLAN的移动IP路由优化方法——双向直通隧道

本文通过引入一个增强型通信代理,与归属代理和外地代理合作,提出了基于WLAN的移动IP路由优化方法:支持子网优化和绑定优化的双向直通隧道,提高了移动IP的路由有效性和减少了移动节点的切换延时,最后分析了入口过滤机制对该路由优化技术的影响和对策。     

移动IPv6路由优化中的安全威胁及解决方案

分析了移动IPv6的路由优化过程中存在的各种安全威胁。针对虚假绑定更新消息介绍了一种基于返回路由可达过程的路由优化安全认证解决方案,使得通信节点只有在确认移动节点的家乡地址和转交地址均可到达后,方接受来自该移动节点的绑定更新消息,并建立二者间的直接路由。     

MIPv6中的移动网络技术

侧重讨论在MIPv6中的移动网络与Internet主机通信时数据包路由定向所产生的问题。移动网络是指劝态变换接入点的网络。IETF建议的关于移动节点的MIPv6谇不能有效支持移动网络，缺乏较好的可扩展性，并且引入了一些安全认证问题，在此提出了一种网络前缀绑定与多插技术解决方案。     

A Domain-Based Routing Protocol for SSM Source Mobility in Mobile IPv6 Networks

In Mobile IP, the signaling traffic overhead will be too high since the new Care-of-Address (CoA) of the mobile node (MN) is registered all the way with the home agent (HA) whenever the MN has moved into a new foreign network. To complement Mobile IP in better handling local movement, several IP micro protocols have been proposed. These protocols introduce a hierarchical mobility management scheme, which divides the mobility into micro mobility and macro mobility according to whether the host's movement is intra-domain or inter-domain. Thus, the requirements on performance and flexibility are achieved, especially for frequently moving hosts. This paper introduces a routing protocol for multicast source mobility on the basis of the hierarchical mobile management scheme, which provides a unified global architecture for both uni- and multicast routing in mobile networks. The implementation of multicast services adopts an improved SSM (Source Specific Multicast) model, which combines the advantages of the existing protocols in scalability and mobility transparency. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has better performance than the existing routing protocols for SSM source mobility.     

Route Optimization Using Tree Information Option for Nested Mobile Networks

Mobile IP is the basic solution to provide host mobility, whereas network mobility refers to the concept of collective mobility of a set of nodes. In the simplest scenario, a mobile network moves as a single unit with one mobile router (MR) that connects it to the global Internet. Also, multiple mobile networks can be nested in a hierarchical form, e.g., a wireless personal area network (PAN) in a vehicular network. In a nested mobile network, multiple MRs form a tree hierarchy in which the root MR is called the top-level mobile router (TLMR). Nested mobile networks exhibit the pinball routing problem, which becomes worse in proportion to the number of nested levels in the hierarchy. To solve this problem, we propose a routing optimization scheme using a tree information option (ROTIO) that extends the NEMO basic support protocol. In the ROTIO scheme, each MR in the nested mobile network sends two binding updates (BUs): one to its home agent and the other to the TLMR. The former BU contains the TLMR's home address, while the latter contains routing information between the issuing MR and the TLMR. This alleviates the pinball routing problem significantly. Now, a packet from a correspondent node only needs to visit two transit nodes (the home agents of the MR and the TLMR), regardless of the degree of nesting. Moreover, the ROTIO scheme provides location privacy and mobility transparency. We also extend ROTIO to perform routing between two mobile network nodes inside the same nested mobile network more efficiently and to substantially reduce the disruption when a mobile network hands off.     

A scalable network-based mobility management framework in heterogeneous IP-based networks

This paper proposes a mobility management scheme to provide a mobile node with high-quality handovers among heterogeneous wireless access networks. The proposed scheme employs a signaling architecture to support fast and reliable delivery of control messages by separating a control plane from a data transport plane in the core network. The proposed scheme is based on the network-based mobility management framework which requires the minimum modifications on terminal devices. With interaction between Layers 2 and 3, the proposed scheme accelerates the handover control procedures. It also enables a mobile subscriber to select a target network for a vertical handover with consideration of not only wireless signal strength but also user preference and quality-of-service status. The proposed scheme addresses the well-known problems of the Mobile IP-based approaches, triangular routing and bottleneck at the home agent, since it establishes a data tunnel for a mobile node along the shortest path between two different access networks. The simulation and experimental results indicate that our scheme provisions more efficient performance than the existing approaches in terms of handover latency, data packet loss, data delivery latency and load balancing.     

An Integrated Handover Authentication for FMIPv6 Over Heterogeneous Access Link Technologies

This paper proposes an integrated handover authentication for NGN equipped with FMIPv6-based IP mobility over various kinds of access links. In ITU-T, an integrated authentication model has been introduced to support network attachment with mobility in NGN. Since existing studies for handover authentication have focused on the link layer or network layer respectively, there are additional authentication overhead such as duplicated authentication procedures and authentication messages delivery cost. The proposed integrated handover authentication contributes to reducing complexity of the authentication procedure and to enhancing the efficiency of it by means of the combined key management architecture; a mobile node generates a handover key to transfer it to the next access router through the AAA server, and hierarchical key management scheme addresses the locality of movement to authenticate the mobile node at the link layer. The evaluation of the handover authentication costs shows that it reduces the average number of handover authentication events and the authentication message delivery cost during moves in mobile networks. Also, the security aspects of the proposed scheme are discussed.     

A wireless access network based on WDM-PON for HMIPv6 mobility support

In this paper, an IP-based wireless access network is proposed, which is designed to support the hierarchical MIPv6 standard on the wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network access network in order to provide a fast and seamless handoff support. Two schemes for enhancing the mobility management are included in the proposed network’s infrastructure support. Firstly, the local-link channels between sub-networks are provided to improve the mobility management efficiency for the mobile nodes roaming between neighboring sub-networks. Secondly, the early route optimization scheme has been applied, which optimizes the mobility management process between the corresponding node and the home agent (HA), resulting in reduced bandwidth waste and long end-to-end packet delays, as well as lowering the heavy burden on the HA. The performance of the proposed mobility management scheme has been evaluated in terms of handoff delays, packet losses and transmission costs. The superior performance of the proposed scheme has been verified and compared to other schemes.     

MobiCast: A multicast scheme for wireless networks

In this paper, we propose a multicast scheme known as MobiCast that is suitable for mobile hosts in an internetwork environment with small wireless cells. Our scheme adopts a hierarchical mobility management approach to isolate the mobility of the mobile hosts from the main multicast delivery tree. Each foreign domain has a domain foreign agent. We have simulated our scheme using the Network Simulator and the measurements show that our multicast scheme is effective in minimizing disruptions to a multicast session due to the handoffs of the mobile group member, as well as reducing packet loss when a mobile host crosses cell boundaries during a multicast session.     

Traffic load metrics for multihomed mobile IP and global connectivity

Support for host mobility an essential and necessary feature for roaming users who connect to wireless networks via access points. Access points may have different capabilities, be connected to different networks and be installed by different providers. A mobile host will discover multiple access points in this environment. In such an environment, a mobile host should be able to use the best available connection to communicate with a correspondent host and perhaps use multiple connections for different hosts. In areas with wireless local area network access, pockets with limited or no coverage could exist. Such restricted connectivity could be compensated by neighbor hosts who form an ad hoc network and relay packets until they reach an access point. This paper describes and discusses a proposed solution towards enabling and supporting connectivity in wireless networks. In the proposed solution the network layer software will evaluate and decide which wireless network connections to use. A Running Variance Metric (RVM) and a Relative Network Load(RNL) are used to measure the traffic load of access points in wireless access networks. RVM and RNL can be efficiently used for both infrastructure networks and ad hoc networks. Multihomed Mobile IP (M-MIP) is an extension of Mobile IP that enables mobile hosts to use multiple care-of addresses simultaneously. The extension enhances network connectivity by enabling the mobile host, the home agent and correspondent hosts to evaluate and select the best connection. A proposed gateway architecture using M-MIP that integrates wired IP networks with ad hoc networks is described. The M-MIP and gateway architecture using the RVM and RNL metrics have been validated with simulation studies and results are presented.     

Low-cost binding update scheme based on pointer forwarding in HMIPv6 network

By introducing a mobility anchor point(MAP),hierarchical mobile IPv6(HMIPv6)reduces the binding update signaling cost associated with mobile IPv6,but there still exist deficiencies.For instance,a mobile node(MN)needs to orderly accomplish two binding updates with the MAP and home agent(HA)when the MN performs inter-MAP mobility.This results in a high signaling cost,thus affecting network performance.To reduce the inter-MAP binding update cost of idle MN in HMIPv6,an optimization scheme based on pointer forwarding with a threshold is proposed.The scheme can reduces the binding update cost of idle MN by using the binding update between MAP to replace several home binding updates.The signaling cost difference is derived by analyzing the cost of the basic scheme and the optimization scheme between two successive sessions.Simulation results show that,the optimization scheme can reduce the binding update signaling cost and improve the network performance as long as a suitable threshold is chosen.The discussions on the sensitivity of tele-parameters are also given.     

Simultaneous mobility: analytical framework,theorems and solutions

The original Mobile IP (MIP) protocol does not perform Route Optimisation but uses Home Agents to forward traffic. Thus, it does not have problems with simultaneous mobility, that is, the special case when both end hosts are mobile and move at about the same time. However, MIP for IPv6 (MIPv6) uses binding updates that are sent directly to a correspondent node. Session Initiation Protocol based mobility management (SIPMM) and MIP with location registers (MIP‐LR) also use direct binding updates between a mobile host and a correspondent node. Thus, MIPv6, MIP‐LR and SIPMM are vulnerable to the simultaneous mobility problem. In this paper, we analyse the simultaneous mobility problem and solution mechanisms, and propose new ways for MIPv6, MIP‐LR and SIPMM to handle simultaneous mobility. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.