基于40 nm CMOS工艺的高效率功率放大器设计

针对硅基毫米波功率放大器存在的饱和输出功率较低、增益不足和效率不高的问题,基于TSMC 40nm CMOS工艺,设计了一款工作在28GHz的高效率和高增益连续F类功率放大器。提出的功率放大器由驱动级和功率级组成。针对功率级设计了一款基于变压器的谐波控制网络来实现功率合成和谐波控制,有效地提高了功率放大器的饱和输出功率和功率附加效率。采用PMOS管电容抵消功率级的栅源电容,进一步提高线性度和增益。电路后仿真结果表明,设计的功率放大器在饱和输出功率为20.5dBm处的峰值功率附加效率54%,1dB压缩点为19dBm,功率增益为27dB,在24GHz~32GHz频率处的功率附加效率大于40%。     

一种功率增益可控的全集成CMOS功率放大器

设计了一种单片全集成、输出功率增益可变的CMOS功率放大器电路。功率放大器电路输出级通过电容分压实现阻抗匹配,输出功率增益通过三位数字控制位实现七级增益控制。该功率放大器基于SMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺设计。测试结果表明,当功率放大器工作在2.4GHz时,功率增益可以从2.5dB变化到16dB。当增益为16dB时,功率叠加效率约为15%,输出1dB功率为8dBm。整个功率放大器芯片尺寸为1.2mm×1.2mm。     

一种65 nm CMOS 60 GHz高增益功率放大器

设计了一种基于65 nm CMOS工艺的60 GHz功率放大器。采用共源共栅结构与电容中和共源级结构相结合的方式来提高功率放大器的增益,并采用两路差分结构来提高输出功率。采用片上变压器作为输入/输出匹配及级间匹配,以减小芯片的面积,从而降低成本。采用Cadence、ADS和Momentum等软件进行联合仿真。后仿真结果表明,在工作频段为60 GHz时,最大小信号增益为26 dB,最大功率附加效率为18.6%,饱和输出功率为15.2 dBm。该功率放大器具有高增益、高效率、低成本等优点。     

一种基于 ６５ ｎｍ ＣＭＯＳ 工艺的 ７７ ＧＨｚ 宽带功率放大器

本文采用65 nm CMOS工艺设计了一款基于四路功率合成的77 GHz （E波段）功率放大器。采用电容中和技术抵消密勒电容的负面效应;利用功率合成技术解决MOS管低击穿电压引起的低输出电压摆幅的问题,将多路输出功率高效合成以实现高功率输出。采用共轭匹配和多频点叠加的带宽拓展技术,有效实现电路阻抗匹配和带宽拓展。后仿真结果表明,在79 GHz处,该功率放大器的最大增益为20.5 dB,-3dB带宽为64～86 GHz,输出功率1dB压缩点为12.7 dBm,饱和输出功率16.6 dBm,峰值功率附加效率为16.5%。该功率放大器版图面积为0.29 mm2;在1.2 V供电电压下,功耗为211 mW。     

一种0.13 μm CMOS K波段宽带功率放大器

基于0.13 μm CMOS工艺,采用多频点叠加的方式,设计了一种K波段宽带功率放大器。输入级采用晶体管源极感性退化方式,实现了宽带输入匹配。驱动级采用自偏置共源共栅放大器,为电路提供了较高的增益。输出级采用共源极放大器,保证电路具有较高的输出功率。后仿真结果表明,在26 GHz处,该功率放大器的增益为22 dB,－3 dB带宽覆盖范围为22.5~30.5 GHz,输出功率1 dB压缩点为8.51 dBm,饱和输出功率为11.6 dBm,峰值附加功率效率为18.7%。     

一种基于0.13 μm SiGe工艺的77 GHz功率放大器

提出了一种采用0.13 μm SiGe工艺制作的77 GHz功率放大器。该放大器采用两路合成结构提高输出功率,采用两级差分放大结构提高增益。功率级选择Cascode结构,提升功率级输出阻抗,便于匹配。驱动级选择共射极加中和电容的结构,便于提升增益。在输入端,通过两路耦合线巴伦结构进行功率分配,得到两对差分信号,经过两路放大之后再通过两路耦合线巴伦结构进行功率合成,最后输出信号,级间匹配采用变压器匹配。该功率放大器采用ADS软件仿真。结果表明,在77 GHz的工作频点处,小信号增益为19.6 dB,峰值功率附加效率为11%,饱和输出功率为18.5 dBm。     

2.4GHz CMOS线性功率放大器设计

利用双重器件提高线性度的方法,设计了一个两级电路结构的线性功率放大器,可应用于蓝牙系统发射模块。电路基于台基电公司（TSMC）0.18μm互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）工艺进行设计,该功率放大器的中心工作频率为2.4GHz,利用ADS2008U2对电路进行模拟仿真。仿真结果显示,当输入信号功率为-7.8dBm时,功率增益为30.6dB,功率附加效率为26.67%,1dB压缩点输出功率为22.79dBm,具有很高的线性度。     

一种用于5G通信的高稳定双模功率放大器

采用国产40 nm CMOS工艺,设计了一种用于5G通信的28 GHz双模功率放大器。功率级采用大尺寸晶体管,获得了高饱和输出功率。采用无中心抽头变压器,消除了大尺寸晶体管带来的共模振荡问题。在共源共栅结构的共栅管栅端加入大电阻,提高了共源共栅结构的高频稳定性。采用共栅短接技术,解决了大电阻引起的差模增益恶化问题。在级间匹配网络中采用变容管调节,实现了双模式工作,分别获得了高功率增益和高带宽。电路后仿真结果表明,在高增益模式下,该双模功率放大器获得了20.8 dBm的饱和输出功率、24.5%的功率附加效率和28.1 dB的功率增益。在高带宽模式下,获得了20.6 dBm的饱和输出功率、22.6%的功率附加效率和12.2 GHz的3 dB带宽。     

一种60 GHz CMOS高效率功率放大器

为了满足短距离无线高速传输的应用需求,基于SMIC 90 nm 1P9M CMOS工艺,设计了一种可工作在60 GHz的功率放大器(PA)。该PA为单端三级级联结构。采用顶层金属方法,设计具有高品质因子的小感值螺旋电感,用于输入、输出和级间匹配电路,以提高电路的整体性能。通过减少传输损耗和输出匹配损耗,提高了附加功率效率。仿真结果表明,在1.2 V电源电压下,该PA的功率增益为17.2 dB,1 dB压缩点的输出功率为8.1 dBm,饱和输出功率为12.1 dBm,峰值功率附加效率为15.7%,直流功耗为70 mW。各性能指标均满足60 GHz通信系统的要求。     

一种24 GHz CMOS功率放大器设计

基于130 nm互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)工艺,设计了一种高增益和高输出功率的24 GHz功率放大器。通过片上变压器耦合实现阻抗匹配和功率合成,有效改善放大器的匹配特性和提高输出功率。放大器电路仿真结果表明,在1.5 V供电电压下,功率增益为27.2 dB,输入输出端回波损耗均大于10 dB,输出功率1 dB压缩点13.2 dBm,饱和输出功率17.2 dBm,峰值功率附加效率13.5%。     

A 20 dBm Linear RF Power Amplifier Using Stacked Silicon-on-Sapphire MOSFETs

In this letter, a fully integrated 20-dBm RF power amplifier (PA) is presented using 0.25-mum-gate silicon-on-sapphire metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). To overcome the low breakdown voltage limit of MOSFETs, a stacked FET structure is employed, where transistors are connected in series so that each output voltage swing is added in phase. By using triple-stacked FETs, the optimum load impedance for a 20-dBm PA increases to 50Omega, which is nine times higher than that of parallel FET topology for the same output power. Measurement of a single-stage linear PA shows small-signal gain of 17.1 dB and saturated output power of 21.0dBm with power added efficiency (PAE) of 44.0% at 1.88 GHz. With an IS-95 code division multiple access modulated signal, the PA shows an average output power of 16.3 dBm and PAE of 18.7% with adjacent channel power ratio below -42dBc     

A 0.25-/spl mu/m 20-dBm 2.4-GHz CMOS power amplifier with an integrated diode linearizer

A 2.4-GHz CMOS power amplifier (PA) with an output power 20 dBm using 0.25-/spl mu/m 1P5M standard CMOS process is presented. The PA uses an integrated diode connected NMOS transistor as a diode linearizer. It is believed that this is the first reported use of the diode linearization technique in CMOS PA design. It shows effective improvement in linearity from gain compression and ACPR measured results. Measurements are performed by using an FR-4 PCB test fixture. The fabricated power amplifier exhibits an output power of 20 dBm and a power-added efficiency as high as 28%. The obtained PA performances demonstrate the standard CMOS process potential for medium power RF amplification at 2.4 GHz wireless communication band.     

A Monolithic High-Efficiency 2.4-GHz 20-dBm SiGe BiCMOS Envelope-Tracking OFDM Power Amplifier

A monolithic SiGe BiCMOS envelope-tracking power amplifier (PA) is demonstrated for 802.11g OFDM applications at 2.4 GHz. The 4-mm² die includes a high-efficiency high-precision envelope amplifier and a two-stage SiGe HBT PA for RF amplification. Off-chip digital predistortion is employed to improve EVM performance. The two-stage amplifier exhibits 12-dB gain, <5% EVM, 20-dBm OFDM output power, and an overall efficiency (including the envelope amplifier) of 28%.     

基于SiGe工艺的高增益射频功率放大器

基于0.13μm SiGe HBT工艺,设计应用于无线局域网(WLAN)802.11b/g频段范围内的高增益射频功率放大器.该功放工作在AB类,由三级放大电路级联构成,并带有温度补偿和线性化的偏置电路.仿真结果显示:功率增益高达30dB,1dB压缩点输出功率为24dBm,电路的S参数S11在1.5～4GHz大的频率范围内均小于-17dB,S21大于30dB,输出匹配S22小于-10dB,S12小于-90dB.最高效率可达42.7%,1dB压缩点效率为37%.     

A novel full-wave rectifier/sinusoidal frequency doubler topology based on CFOAs

In this paper, a high-efficiency class-F power amplifier (PA) is designed using integration between a low voltage p-HEMT transistor and a miniaturized microstrip suppressing cell. It results in nth harmonic suppression and high power added efficiency (PAE) under low radio frequency (RF) input powers. The simulation is performed based on harmonic balance analysis. The proposed power amplifier is fabricated, and measurements results validated the simulations. The proposed power amplifier operates at 1.8 GHz with 100 MHz bandwidth and an average PAE of 71.1%, with very low drain voltage of 2 V. At fundamental frequency of 1.8 GHz, the maximum measured PAE is 73.5% at about 12 dBm RF input power. The maximum output power and gain are 23.4 and 17.5 dBm in RF input power ranges of 0–12 dBm, respectively. The fabricated class-F PA with such characteristics can be used for power amplifications in wireless transmitters such as 4G (4th generation)-LTE (long term evolution) communication systems.     

应用于无线传感器网络的功率放大器的设计

给出一种基于TSMC 0.18 μm RF CMOS工艺,应用于无线传感器网络的2.4 GHz 功率放大器的设计.该功率放大 器工作频率范围为2.4 GHz～2.4835 GHz,采用全差分AB类共源共栅电路结构,使用功率控制技术以节省功耗,当输入信号 功率-12.5 dBm时,输出功率在-10.4 dBm至5.69 ...     

High‐Efficiency CMOS Power Amplifier Using Uneven Bias for Wireless LAN Application

This paper proposes a high‐efficiency power amplifier (PA) with uneven bias. The proposed amplifier consists of a driver amplifier, power stages of the main amplifier with class AB bias, and an auxiliary amplifier with class C bias. Unlike other CMOS PAs, the amplifier adopts a current‐mode transformer‐based combiner to reduce the output stage loss and size. As a result, the amplifier can improve the efficiency and reduce the quiescent current. The fully integrated CMOS PA is implemented using the commercial Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 0.18‐μm RF‐CMOS process with a supply voltage of 3.3 V. The measured gain, P_1dB, and efficiency at P_1dB are 29 dB, 28.1 dBm, and 37.9%, respectively. When the PA is tested with 54 Mbps of an 802.11g WLAN orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal, a 25‐dB error vector magnitude compliant output power of 22 dBm and a 21.5% efficiency can be obtained.     

High linearity 5.2-GHz power amplifier MMIC using CPW structure technology with a linearizer circuit

A built-in linearizer was applied to improve the linearity in a 5.2-GHz power amplifier microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC), which was undertaken with 0.15-μm AlGaAs/InGaAs D-mode PHEMT technology.The power amplifier (PA) was studied taking into account the linearizer circuit and the coplanar waveguide (CPW) structures. Based on these technologies, the power amplifier, which has a chip size of 1.44 × 1.10 mm~2, obtained an output power of 13.3 dBm and a power gain of 14 dB in the saturation region. An input third-order intercept point (IIP_3) of-3 dBm, an output third-order intercept point (OIP_3) of 21.1 dBm and a power added efficiency (PAE) of 22% were attained, respectively. Finally, the overall power characterization exhibited high gain and high linearity, which illustrates that the power amplifier has a compact circuit size and exhibits favorable RF characteristics. This power circuit demonstrated high RF characterization and could be used for microwave power circuit applications at 5.2 GHz.     

A 50 to 70 GHz Power Amplifier Using 90 nm CMOS Technology

A 50 to 70 GHz wideband power amplifier (PA) is developed in MS/RF 90 nm 1P9M CMOS process. This PA achieves a measured P_sat of 13.8 dBm, P_{1 dB} of 10.3 dBm, power added efficiency (PAE) of 12.6%, and linear power gain of 30 dB at 60 GHz under V_DD biased at 1.8 V. When V_DD is biased at 3 V, it exhibits P_sat of 18 dBm, P_{1 dB} of 12 dBm, PAE of 15%, and linear gain of 32.4 dB at 60 GHz. The MMIC PA also has a wide 3 dB bandwidth from 50 to 70 GHz, with a chip size of 0.66 times 0.5 mm². To the author's knowledge, this PA demonstrates the highest output power, with the highest gain among the reported CMOS PAs in V-band.     

Adaptive digital/RF predistortion using a nonuniform LUT indexing function with built-in dependence on the amplifier nonlinearity

This paper reports on an integrated adaptive digital/RF predistorter using a nonuniform spaced lookup table (LUT) and in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) RF vector multiplier (VM). The LUT contents are directly deduced from the baseband input and output signals of the power amplifier (PA). In addition, a new nonlinear indexing function of the predistortion LUT with built-in dependence on the PA nonlinearity is proposed. This function is made to be robust to the input signal statistics. A comparison of this new indexation method with conventional approaches, namely, power and logarithmic power indexation functions, is carried out. The superiority of the proposed scheme is demonstrated in particular for class-AB amplifiers where the gain of the PA varies over the whole input range of the drive signal. The measured output spectrum of a linearized 90-W peak lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor PA reveals a significant reduction of the power emission at the adjacent channels of approximately 15 dB under IS95, single-carrier, and multicarrier wide-band code-division multiple-access signals. The experimental evaluation is carried out using an RF/digital predistorter prototype that mainly includes an envelope detector, a linear I/Q RF VM, field-programmable gate array and digital signal processor, and fast analog/digital and digital/analog converters.