Ad hoc网络路由协议的研究综述

介绍了传统的平面Ad hoc路由协议,包括先验式和主动式路由协议;概述了针对Ad hoc的特殊网络特点的路由协议,主要是基于能量和基于QoS的Ad hoc路由协议并分析了针对AODV改进的协议—Ant-AODV和健壮型AODV。     

一种基于节点移动性的AODV改进协议

移动Ad hoc网络是移动节点动态临时组建的自组织网络,路由协议一直是Ad hoc网络研究的关键问题.文中提出了一种新的AODV改进协议AODV-NM,它能够根据节点速度自适应的调整RREQ泛洪频率,实现稳定路径的选取.仿真结果表明,AODV-NM能够有效降低网络路由负荷,同时改善了时延与分组投递率等性能.     

移动Ad hoc网络中AODV路由协议的研究与改进

针对移动Ad hoc网络AODV路由协议存在的一些缺点,提出了一个改进的路由协议。在改进方案中增加了备份路由和电池电量门阀值,可以有效避免路由的重新发现。性能分析与仿真结果表明,改进后的AODV路由协议更能适应网络拓扑结构的变化,并能在链路中断后迅速找到可用的路由。     

Ad Hoc网络中两种按需路由协议的比较

Ad hoc网络的特征是多跳的无线连接，网络拓扑的频繁变化，以及需要有效的动态路由协议。重点比较Ad hoc网络中两种主要的按需路由协议：动态源路由（DSR）协议和Ad hoc按需距离矢量路由（AODV）协议。尽管DSR和AODV都是按需路由协议，但不同的协议机制导致了网络性能的显著差异。在OPNET仿真平台下，对采用不用路由协议的网络时延和吞吐量进行比较，从而分析不同的路由机制引起的网络性能差异。     

AODV路由协议的改进算法

无线Ad hoc网络拓扑结构动态变化的特点,决定了路径断裂是不可避免的。路径断裂会引起源节点路由重建,源节点频繁地发起路由重建过程会降低网络的性能。AODV协议中采用本地修复机制来减少源节点路由重建的次数。基于这一思想,文章提出了一种AODV路由协议改进算法SRP,旨在进一步提高本地修复的成功率。仿真结果表明,在拓扑结构变化迅速的Ad hoc网络中,SRP协议比AODV路由协议有更好的网络性能。     

无线Ad hoc网与Internet的互连

通过移动IP和AODV协议合作,无线Ad hoc网内的移动节点可以与外地代理之间进行多跳通信,从而实现无线Ad hoc网与Internet的互连。本文首先分析了AODV协议,然后对无线Ad hoc网络与Internet互连的技术方案,包括数据结构、代理广播消息、外地代理搜索、注册、路由发现与数据传输、切换与负载平衡问题等进行了详细讨论。     

一种基于AODV的均衡优化协议

对移动自组织网络进行了简单叙述,主体部分对其中的源驱动路由协议中的AODV(Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing)的讲解和改进。在原始AODV路由协议基础上进行改善,对节点的拥塞度、能量信息和跳数进行权衡,根据评估函数筛选出最佳路由链路的目的,最大程度地减少网络开销,改善整体网络性能。     

移动Ad hoc网络路由协议综述

摘要文章简单介绍移动Ad hoc网络,详细综述了移动Ad hoc网络中的各种路由协议．包括先验式路由协议、反应式路由协议和混合式路由协议,对它们进行了分类、对比和分析。提出了一个Ad hoc网络新型的路由协议的框架。最后,指出了移动Ad hoc路由协议的研究热点和展望。     

基于改进蚁群算法的Ad hoc路由协议的研究

现有Ad hoc网络路由协议技术研究中,路由稳定性和可靠性问题尚未得到很好解决,不能很好地适应Adhoc网络.针对已有Ad hoc路由技术中存在的开销大以及网络稳定性较低的问题,该文引入蚁群算法,并对其进行改进.研究基于改进蚂蚁算法的Ad hoc路由协议,并与比较成熟的AODV(Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector)进行对比.仿真实验结果表明,通过发挥网络中结点群体功能,新协议减小了端对端传输延时,改善了数据包传输成功率与协议开销,有效地提高了网络的稳定性和通信效率.     

Ad hoc网络按需路由协议的研究

Ad hoc网络是一种能随时随地组成网络而不需要任何固定的底层设备支持的自组网,因而得到越来越广泛的应用。Ad hoc网络通常的应用领域包括灾难等突发性事件的恢复、人群控制、寻找和援救等,也用于战场上的相互联络。文章主要针对按需式路由协议中流行的一种Ad hoc按需平面距离矢量路由协议（AODV）进行研究,利用NS2仿真平台对AODV路由协议进行了仿真,全面分析了AODV路由协议的性能。     

移动自组网典型路由协议研究

随着网络的发展,移动自组网已成为当前研究的热点,文中介绍了移动自组网与现有通信系统在路由上的区别,重点探讨了移动自组网DSDV、AODV、DSR等几类典型的路由协议,以及MANET路由协议今后的主要研究方向。     

基于OPNET仿真平台的MANET路由协议性能分析

MANET的特殊性决定了其路由协议的重要性。为了提高MANET路由协议性能,通过比较现有的两种典型MANET路由协议AODV协议和DSR协议,采用图形化界面的OPNET作为仿真工具,通过仿真结果的比较、分析,获得了与理论分析基本相一致的结果,即AODV协议的性能总体上优于DSR协议,并且AODV协议更适合于规模较大的MANET网络。仿真结果为后续提出优化路由协议和对现有协议改进工作提供了有效的仿真依据。     

MANET Routing with Provably Low Complexity Through Constant Density Clustering and Route Request Broadcast

As mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are emerging as important components in critical and large-scale applications, it is crucial to develop MANET routing mechanisms with provably low complexity. In this paper, we give a tutorial overview of the efficient use of elementary node clustering and route request broadcast mechanisms for low-complexity MANET routing. We explain these mechanisms with illustrative examples and discuss their theoretical performance characteristics. We demonstrate that node clustering with constant density and route request broadcasting with a doubling radius technique over the network of cluster leaders can be employed for MANET routing with theoretically proven low complexity. Moreover, we contrast these efficient elementary clustering and route request broadcast mechanisms with clustering and route information accumulation mechanisms in the widely studied AODV and DSR routing protocols and discuss the implications of these various mechanisms for scalable MANET routing.     

Security and performance enhancement of AODV routing protocol

A mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) is a decentralized, self‐organizing, infrastructure‐less network and adaptive gathering of independent mobile nodes. Because of the unique characteristics of MANET, the major issues to develop a routing protocol in MANET are the security aspect and the network performance. In this paper, we propose a new secure protocol called Trust Ad Hoc On‐demand Distance Vector (AODV) using trust mechanism. Communication packets are only sent to the trusted neighbor nodes. Trust calculation is based on the behaviors and activities information of each node. It is divided in to trust global (TG) and trust local (TL). TG is a trust calculation based on the total of received routing packets and the total of sending routing packets. TL is a comparison between total received packets and total forwarded packets by neighbor node from specific nodes. Nodes conclude the total trust level of its neighbors by accumulating the TL and TG values. The performance of Trust AODV is evaluated under denial of service/distributed denial of service (DOS/DDOS) attack using network simulator NS‐2. It is compared with the Trust Cross Layer Secure (TCLS) protocol. Simulation results show that the Trust AODV has a better performance than TCLS protocol in terms of end‐to‐end delay, packet delivery ratio, and overhead. Next, we improve the performance of Trust AODV using ant algorithm. The proposed protocol is called Trust AODV + Ant. The implementation of ant algorithm in the proposed secure protocol is by adding an ant agent to put the positive pheromone in the node if the node is trusted. Ant agent is represented as a routing packet. The pheromone value is saved in the routing table of the node. We modified the original routing table by adding the pheromone value field. The path communication is selected based on the pheromone concentration and the shortest path. Trust AODV + Ant is compared with simple ant routing algorithm (SARA), AODV, and Trust AODV under DOS/DDOS attacks in terms of performance. Simulation results show that the packet delivery ratio and throughput of the Trust AODV increase after using ant algorithm. However, in terms of end‐to‐end delay, there is no significant improvement. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analytical Termination of Malicious Nodes (ATOM): An Intrusion Detection System for Detecting Black Hole attack in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The decentralized administration and the lack of an appropriate infrastructure causes the MANET prone to attacks. The attackers play on the vulnerable characteristics of the MANET and its underlying routing protocols such as AODV, DSR etc. to bring about a disruption in the data forwarding operation. Hence, the routing protocols need mechanisms to confront and tackle the attacks by the intruders. This research introduces the novel host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS) known as analytical termination of malicious nodes (ATOM) that systematically detects one of the most significant black hole attacks that affects the performance of AODV routing protocol. ATOM IDS performs detection by computing the RREP count (Route Reply) and the packet drop value for each individual node. This system has been simulated over the AODV routing protocol merged with the black hole nodes and the resultant simulation scenario in NS2 has been generated. The trace obtained shows a colossal increase in the packet delivery ratio (PDR) and throughput. The results prove the efficacy of the proposed system.

     

一种基于路径信息的WSN路由协议

AODV是一种广泛应用于MANET的按需路由协议,但是它并不完全适用于WSN。本文通过改进AODV协议基于洪泛的路由机制,提出了一种适用于WSN的低开销、低时延的路由协议IAODV。仿真结果表明:与AODV协议相比,IAODV协议可以在保持较高的分组投递率的同时有效降低数据分组的平均端到端时延和路由开销,达到了低开销、低时延的设计目标。     

AODV路由协议性能的改进研究

路由问题一直是移动Ad Hoc网络（MANET）研究中的难点和重要问题。按需路由协议是当前移动Ad Hoc网络的主流路由协议。丈中通过对AODV和DSR两种典型的按需路由协议的分析与比较，提出了一种利用DSR的路径收集机制来改进和提高AODV路由协议性能的方法。通过NS2仿真实验表明，该方法能有效减少路由请求的数量，从而降低路由的开销，提高分组发送的成功率，减少端对端的延时。     

基于稳定闭域的异构无线网络混合路由策略

分析了异构的网络模型,并提出了一种基于MANET稳定闭域的混合路由策略,使得基于该路由策略设计的路由协议能够实时地根据本地拓扑状态进行转换,在稳定闭域内使用AODV提高路由转发的效率。当数据分组转发到闭域边界后,将转换为改进的Prophet路由继续在非连通区域内寻路,以充分利用MANET与DTN路由的优势。仿真实验证明了该路由策略的可行性,通过比较多种路由算法验证了在特定的异构网络环境下该路由策略的高效性。     

Study of MANET routing protocols by GloMoSim simulator

This paper compares ad hoc on‐demand distance vector (AODV), dynamic source routing (DSR) and wireless routing protocol (WRP) for MANETs to distance vector protocol to better understand the major characteristics of the three routing protocols, using a parallel discrete event‐driven simulator, GloMoSim. MANET (mobile ad hoc network) is a multi‐hop wireless network without a fixed infrastructure. Following are some of our key findings: (1) AODV is most sensitive to changes in traffic load in the messaging overhead for routing. The number of control packets generated by AODV became 36 times larger when the traffic load was increased. For distance vector, WRP and DSR, their increase was approximately 1.3 times, 1.1 times and 7.6 times, respectively. (2) Two advantages common in the three MANET routing protocols compared to classical distance vector protocol were identified to be scalability for node mobility in end‐to‐end delay and scalability for node density in messaging overhead. (3) WRP resulted in the shortest delay and highest packet delivery rate, implying that WRP will be the best for real‐time applications in the four protocols compared. WRP demonstrated the best traffic scalability; control overhead will not increase much when traffic load increases. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种基于负载均衡的移动Ad Hoc网络AODV协议改进

当移动Ad Hoc网络负载增加时,现有的路由协议的性能急剧下降,且中间节点能耗过快。为适应高负载网络,平衡网络中节点能耗,在AODV协议基础上进行改进,提出了一种基于路径选择和拒绝应答算法的PS-AODV协议。仿真结果表明,PS-AODV协议可以提高分组传送率,降低平均端