现代靶场光电测量工程的发展现状

１引言靶场光测是靶场利用光学测量设备对飞行目标进行摄影、测量和采集信息以完成目标轨迹和实现记录的简称。光测设备———以光电经纬仪为主要代表，是靶场应用最早的测量设备，也是靶场最基本的测量手段之一。１９４０年，德国研制了第一台靶场用光电经纬仪，６０年代后，随着激光技术和光电子技术、计算机技术的发展，光测设备不断更新换代，现已成为具有多功能、定位精度高、响应速度快、实时性强的综合性测量系统。２国内外光测设备的最新发展１９４０年，第一台电影经纬仪正式装备靶场写下了靶场光测与弹道测量史的第一章。从那时至…     

弹道测量雷达在常规靶场中的应用与发展

本文着重论述现阶段弹道测量雷达在常规兵器试验靶场中的应用,以及弹道测量雷达的发展方向,并介绍了国外常规兵器试验靶场正在使用的部分弹道测量雷达的情况。     

终点弹道的测试手段和方法研究(Ⅰ) 终点弹道的电测方法研究

本文主要介绍了近年来国内外在终点弹道测试方面所采用的电测方法,包括采用声学原理、无线电波和雷达等电学手段对弹丸落点、遭遇点、炸点的测量。着重介绍了国外常规武器靶场测量弹丸落点的几种有代表性的雷达,对其进行了比较,探讨了靶场测试设备的发展方向。     

导弹靶场激光雷达

靶场试验是发展导弹并不断取得完善的一个极其重要的组成部分。导弹飞行弹道的测量是靶场观测的主要项目之一。导弹外弹道测量的任务是观测自发射点到弹着点飞行期间导弹的位置、速度和加速度等随时间的变化。国外在五十年代末期到六十年代初装备靶场的各种外弹道测量没备,包括各种光学摄影仪和无线电测量设备等,基本上满足了     

常规靶场内外弹道测量(Ⅰ) 外弹道测速雷达

本文简要论还了国内外弹道测量的特点、技术水平和总的发展趋势。常规靶场是试验、鉴定常规武器的场所,武器及其弹药的性能指标是否符合国家标准或者是否符合用户-生产研制合同所规定的指标,都必须经过靶场的鉴定,才能交于用户使用。武器也在研制、生产和使用过程中不断发展、更新换代。新的发明创造都必须进行试验,通过试验,多次修改指标,使之不断完善、提高、达到新的水平。内弹道测量和外弹道测量,是靶场保证上述任务实现的重要手段,内弹道和外弹道测量的方法和设备都是保证完成试验、鉴定任务的重要工具。靶场测量设备和方法的现代化才能保证武器和弹药的质量和现代化。所以必须保证靶场测量设备在任何时候都处于先进水平,才能保证武器和弹药的高质鉴定和推进其快速地更新换代,缩短研制周期,才能保证新的发明创造提早问世和装备部队。由于靶场测量设备是武器及其弹药现代化的重要环节,所以世界各国近年来都非常重视常规靶场测量设备的研制和更新。本文从整个常规靶场测量技术出发,简要评述国内外弹道测量设备的特点、技术水平和总的发展趋势。     

常规靶场内外弹道测量(Ⅰ) 多目标测量雷达

本文简要论还了国内外弹道测量的特点、技术水平和总的发展趋势。常规靶场是试验、鉴定常规武器的场所,武器及其弹药的性能指标是否符合国家标准或者是否符合用户-生产研制合同所规定的指标,都必须经过靶场的鉴定,才能交于用户使用。武器也在研制、生产和使用过程中不断发展、更新换代。新的发明创造都必须进行试验,通过试验,多次修改指标,使之不断完善、提高、达到新的水平。内弹道测量和外弹道测量,是靶场保证上述任务实现的重要手段,内弹道和外弹道测量的方法和设备都是保证完成试验、鉴定任务的重要工具。靶场测量设备和方法的现代化才能保证武器和弹药的质量和现代化。所以必须保证靶场测量设备在任何时候都处于先进水平,才能保证武器和弹药的高质鉴定和推进其快速地更新换代,缩短研制周期,才能保证新的发明创造提早问世和装备部队。由于靶场测量设备是武器及其弹药现代化的重要环节,所以世界各国近年来都非常重视常规靶场测量设备的研制和更新。本文从整个常规靶场测量技术出发,简要评述国内外弹道测量设备的特点、技术水平和总的发展趋势。     

常规靶场内外弹道测量(Ⅰ) 光学测量技术和设备

本文简要论还了国内外弹道测量的特点、技术水平和总的发展趋势。常规靶场是试验、鉴定常规武器的场所,武器及其弹药的性能指标是否符合国家标准或者是否符合用户—生产研制合同所规定的指标,都必须经过靶场的鉴定,才能交于用户使用。武器也在研制、生产和使用过程中不断发展、更新换代。新的发明创造都必须进行试验,通过试验,多次修改指标,使之不断完善、提高、达到新的水平。内弹道测量和外弹道测量,是靶场保证上述任务实现的重要手段,内弹道和外弹道测量的方法和设备都是保证完成试验、鉴定任务的重要工具。靶场测量设备和方法的现代化才能保证武器和弹药的质量和现代化。所以必须保证靶场测量设备在任何时候都处于先进水平,才能保证武器和弹药的高质鉴定和推进其快速地更新换代,缩短研制周期,才能保证新的发明创造提早问世和装备部队。由于靶场测量设备是武器及其弹药现代化的重要环节,所以世界各国近年来都非常重视常规靶场测量设备的研制和更新。本文从整个常规靶场测量技术出发,简要评述国内外弹道测量设备的特点、技术水平和总的发展趋势。     

常规靶场内外弹道测量(Ⅰ) 外弹道单脉冲跟踪测量雷达

本文简要论还了国内外弹道测量的特点、技术水平和总的发展趋势。常规靶场是试验、鉴定常规武器的场所,武器及其弹药的性能指标是否符合国家标准或者是否符合用户-生产研制合同所规定的指标,都必须经过靶场的鉴定,才能交于用户使用。武器也在研制、生产和使用过程中不断发展、更新换代。新的发明创造都必须进行试验,通过试验,多次修改指标,使之不断完善、提高、达到新的水平。内弹道测量和外弹道测量,是靶场保证上述任务实现的重要手段,内弹道和外弹道测量的方法和设备都是保证完成试验、鉴定任务的重要工具。靶场测量设备和方法的现代化才能保证武器和弹药的质量和现代化。所以必须保证靶场测量设备在任何时候都处于先进水平,才能保证武器和弹药的高质鉴定和推进其快速地更新换代,缩短研制周期,才能保证新的发明创造提早问世和装备部队。由于靶场测量设备是武器及其弹药现代化的重要环节,所以世界各国近年来都非常重视常规靶场测量设备的研制和更新。本文从整个常规靶场测量技术出发,简要评述国内外弹道测量设备的特点、技术水平和总的发展趋势。     

我国靶场应用的激光测距仪

我国自行研制的各种型号的脉冲式激光测距仪,在七十年代初,就已作为测量设备的“新成员”出现在各军事靶场中,使其成为兼有光学和激光双重特性的新型测量设备。由于其跟踪性能好,测角、测距精度高,成为靶场中担负火箭初始段、主动段和载入段外弹道测量的理想设备。一、靶场中现用的激光测距仪目前,靶场飞行器首末段常用的激光测距仪,其工作物质多为Nd:YAG晶体,激光谐振腔可分为平-平腔和平-凹腔两种.激光波长为     

美国导弹再入段测量的光测设备及其发展趋势

再入段测量手段很多,可借助于光测设备或电子测量设备,二者之间各有所长,互为补充。尤其光测设备具有特殊的优越性,它能取得图象,形象地记录空中目标的姿态、级间分离、遭遇情况等飞行事件;测量精度高,并能测量飞行目标在弹道各段的辐射特性参数;抗干扰能力强,不受地面杂波和再入黑障的影响;稳定可靠,设备简单等;使电子测量设备望尘莫及,是再入段测量中必不可少的有效工具。美国靶场无论从规模大小还是技术先进性方面,都具有相当的代表性。现就美国两个主要再入靶场的光测设备作一介绍。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.