全双工逆向调制回复空间光通信系统性能评价

基于逆向调制反射器(MRR)的空间光通信系统因其结构紧凑、可免去链路一端的捕跟(APT)系统、功耗低等优点,是空间光通信系统研究热点之一。提出采用双波长激光发射实现全双工逆向调制回复空间光通信结构,并基于该结构对强度调制解调模式,通信距离为300 km,通信速率为1 GHz下的地面站对近地小卫星全双工通信链路进行了链路计算及通信误码率的分析。当MRR端口径为0.1 m时,通信链路余量大于5 dB,通信误码率优于10-15,满足通信链路的要求。并进一步分析了仿真结果存在的缺陷。结果表明所提出的空间光通信结构在小卫星对地面站全双工激光通信是可行的,是未来空间光通信系统发展趋势之一。     

各种激光星间链路特点分析

通过对不同激光星间链路特点的分析,找出应用于不同链路的空间光通信系统研制中所面临的主要问题,这有利于今后空间光通信研究的进展。     

水下无线光自动对准系统的设计与实现

水下无线光通信(UOWC)具有保密性好、容量大、传输速度快等优点,可应用于水下信息传输、资源勘查等领域,通信链路的快速建立和持续稳定是水下无线光通信实际应用的基本条件。在平台扰动和海水信道杂质干扰的条件下,如何实现远距离的快速对准是水下无线光通信必须解决的问题。针对水下无线光通信过程中系统发射端和接收端之间的链路由于干扰问题引起底层平台不断移动而无法对准的问题,搭建了一个基于激光二极管(LD)的水下无线光自动对准系统,该系统具有自动对准控制的特点,即系统在底层平台移动的情况下,依然可以实现链路的对准。     

空间卫星光通信链路关键技术与方案的研究

光通信是解决低轨卫星与定点卫星间高码率通信瓶颈的最佳途径,其中高频调制时的速率和大功率光源技术是技术中的关键。本文分析了空间卫星光通信链路的关键技术,探讨了空间卫星光通信链路关键技术解决方案,目的在于为空间卫星光通信链路关键技术的实现提供参考,确保空间卫星间的光通信质量。     

基于单片机的光电目标快速捕获系统设计

在空间光通信系统中,终端平台目标光的捕获技术是通信链路建立的一项关键技术。对于传统的扫描捕获方式,由于探测器等各种误差存在以及不确定区域的影响,导致系统捕获概率较低,且时间较长,最终导致空间光通信系统链路建立困难。基于此,提出采用GPS辅助APT系统完成目标捕获,并建立目标快速捕获系统,系统以Cortex-M3单片机为控制核心,采用GPS进行目标快速定位,搭配水平和俯仰基准传感器,利用GSM网进行无线传输。采用该系统进行了固定点捕获实验,结果验证了上述方法的有效性。     

无线通信电台的通信协议研究

通信协议是通信系统在通信链路上实现复杂任务的软件构架及程序编写规则,任何通信系统之所以能正常工作离不开通信协议的支持。本文以研制一种通信电台为例,提出了一种适合无线通信电台的通信协议,实验结果证明此协议具有很好的性能。     

大动态能量自适应蓝/绿激光探测方法

针对水下无线光通信链路中近距功率饱和与远距功率不足导致的光信号采集失效的难题,提出一种大动态能量自适应蓝/绿激光探测方法。该方法在水下无线光通信系统中加入由电控液晶光阀、可调增益光电倍增管及FPGA板卡组成的增益可控探测模块,该模块在链路功率和探测器增益两个维度对通信链路形成闭环调控,以保证光电倍增管始终工作在最优状态,从而实现水下远距离、高速、大动态范围无线光通信。     

卫星星内漫反射无线光通信系统设计

卫星星内漫反射无线光通信系统利用漫反射光作为传输介质替代传统的有线电缆,对卫星的减重、降能耗发挥了巨大作用,并可简化卫星在组装、集成和测试(AIT)阶段的工作。分析和仿真了卫星星内空间漫反射光传输链路。通过使用红外LED发射光信号,PIN光电二极管接收光信号来完成光电信号之间的转换,并结合CAN总线通信系统,设计了一套卫星星内无线光通信系统。系统在星内空间模拟平台上进行测试,实现了可视链路上1M波特率和非可视漫反射链路上500K波特率的稳定通信。     

空间光通信的时间平滑实验研究

为了给空间光通信的瞄准捕获跟踪链路的设计提供参考,实验研究了强湍流区的大气闪烁时间平滑效应,并考虑大气闪烁和瞄准抖动误差,分析了空间光通信的跟瞄链路的强度起伏统计规律;在此基础上,分析了时间平滑对链路衰落起伏的改善作用.实验研究结果表明,随着曝光时间的增加,强湍流区的大气闪烁起伏幅度减小,当曝光时间达到几十毫秒时,强湍流区的大气闪烁起伏服从对数正态分布;在确保空间光通信系统的链路跟踪中断概率小于10-3以下,采用时间平滑可以使所需的衰落冗余减少15dB～20dB.     

基于ARM的空间光通信APT控制系统设计

设计一种基于ARM嵌入式处理器为核心的控制系统,该系统主要完成在空间无线光通信中信标光的扫描、捕获和跟踪控制,即APT控制系统.以光栅螺旋扫描算法实现信标光的扫描、捕获功能,用增量式PID控制算法实现信标光的跟踪控制功能.该设计具有高实时性、高集成度、低功耗等优点,可满足空间光通信中APT控制部分的要求.     

Sum rate–based relay selection strategy in FSO systems

We present a relay selection strategy for bidirectional free‐space optical (FSO) communication systems. A parallel relayed FSO network consisting of multiple decode‐and‐forward protocol based two‐way relays (TWRs) is considered. Using the proposed relay selection strategy, one TWR is selected to establish an FSO communication link between two non‐line‐of‐sight FSO transceivers. As the two‐way communication process is characterized by achievable sum rate of the system, the relay selection strategy is designed such that the achievable sum rate is maximum. Considering a Gamma‐Gamma distributed optical channel with path loss and pointing errors, we present a mathematical framework for the proposed relay selection strategy.     

1 Gbps实时传输的自由空间光通信链路损耗

远距离自由空间光学（FSO）通信系统面临的最大挑战是在大气湍流影响下信号传输会造成光强度衰减/波动,导致通信链路中断。文中提出了一种基于通信系统接收功率的对数正态统计来计算由湍流引起的通信链路损耗的方法,可评估指导FSO通信系统中的系统参数。文中模拟了不同强度湍流影响,接收终端口径为2 cm、20 cm条件下,850 nm、1 550 nm波长的光通信链路损耗与传输距离的关系。然后利用模拟分析结果设计了一个接收口径为20 cm的FSO通信系统,在强湍流条件下完成~2 km距离传输高清图像和视频。FSO通信系统的传输速率为1 Gpbs,与4 G网络相比,可以满足大量无压缩数据流传输的清晰度和实时性。     

Experimental validation of multiple gain combiner in single-relay cooperative FSO communication systems

In this paper, we have proposed a new combining technique named as multiple gain combiner (MGC) for single-relay cooperative FSO communication systems. The first objective of this paper is to test the experimental feasibility of single-relay cooperative FSO communication system. The next objective is to ascertain the performance of a cooperative FSO link in the presence of simulated fading effect generated by means of modified optical chopper. The last objective is to determine the performance improvement of our proposed MGC combining method over conventional equal gain combining method. Bit error rate performance of the relay system is tested for single-relay cooperative FSO link under weak and strong fading conditions simulated with the modified optical chopper, which shows that the significant performance improvement can be obtained with the use of cooperative diversity. Rsoft-Optsim with MATLAB^® co-simulation results show the same trend of performance for the same level of fading present in the system, thereby validating the fading mechanism as obtained by means of modified optical chopper.

     

Weather effects on hybrid FSO/RF communication link

Free Space Optics (FSO) or optical wireless systems provide high data rate solution for bandwidth hungry communication applications. Carrier class availability is a necessity for wide scale acceptability which is extremely difficult to achieve in the case of optical wireless links. FSO links are highly weather-dependent and different weather effects reduce the link availability. Employing a hybrid network consisting of an FSO link and a back up link in the GHz frequency range renders high availability besides providing comparable data rates. In this paper effects of fog, rain and snow on FSO/GHz hybrid network are studied so that GHz frequencies with best complementary behaviour can be selected as a back up link. As a prime conclusion of the article, it is suggested that free space optical links can be supplemented with 40 GHz RF links to achieve near carrier class availability.     

基于FSO系统的多进制LT码性能分析

为克服空间光通信(FSO)链路受大气湍流效应的影响,将LT码应用到FSO系统中.多进制LT码具有较高的传输效率.提出一种新型度分布函数来改善多进制LT码的译码性能.计算不同进制LT码的译码失败率,并模拟强湍流信道,对采用不同编码方案的FSO性能进行仿真.结果表明:采用新型度分布的LT码能够降低译码失败率,且能有效改善FSO系统在强湍流情况下的性能.     

Performance Analysis of Free Space Optical Networks Using the Beta-Average Recursive Estimator

The present paper aims to investigate and analyze the performance of a point-to-point optical network under a free-space optical (FSO) communication system. Free-space optical communication is a sophisticated technique that has been employed as a channel model of optical wireless communication to transfer large amounts of data at high speeds. However, two important issues, that could affect the source of the FSO link, have been added. The first one is related to chromatic dispersion which is attributed to the chirping phenomenon of the optical signal; the second issue concerns the secondary jamming power that can be generated by some Radio Frequencies from base stations. It is important to note that the effects of atmospheric turbulence, misalignment fading, and atmospheric attenuation as well as geometric losses were also taken into account. The purpose of this research work is to overcome these effects, in order to increase the data transmission rate from 1.25 to 50 Gbps in the proposed system. Consequently, a very efficient solution is suggested to correct these problems and to make the FSO link more reliable using the Beta-Average Recursive Estimator. In addition, the numerical results obtained are presented for the purpose of validating our proposal through the evaluation of the performance of a transmission link in terms of the bit error rate and Q-factor. In the end, the resulting conclusions are listed, explained and discussed.

     

Free space optical system design using particle swarm optimization

The performance of the free‐space optical (FSO) communication system is severely affected by atmospheric properties and misalignment between transmitter‐receiver sections. These effects can be minimized by selecting the precise and proper value of operating parameters. The divergence angle can play a key role in mitigating the negative impact of deviation of an optical beam from its fundamental direction due to different adverse influences. In this paper, we have presented a particle swarm optimization model for determining the optimum divergence angle for designing an optimal FSO link. The FSO transreception quality depends on the medium properties which have a number of detrimental effects like rain, fog, haze, physical obstruction, scattering, and atmospheric turbulence. The proposed work investigate the optimum divergence angle with respect to the maximum deviation angle under different adverse conditions, as mentioned above. Taking into account these effects, the analytical expression of optical link margin and the optimum divergence angle with respect to the maximum deviation angle is derived. The results are analyzed for finding out the most suitable wavelength of the transmitter, transmitted power, link margin, and the link budget under different adverse conditions for reliable communication.     

Automatic realignment with electronic steering of free-space-optical transceivers in MANETs: A proof-of-concept prototype

Free-Space-Optical (FSO) communication has the potential to achieve very high wireless communication rates at tens of GHz. Although it has the advantage of high-speed optical modulation, FSO communication is prone to mobility and it requires establishment and maintenance of line-of-sight (LOS) between FSO transceivers since FSO transceivers are highly directional. We consider FSO structures with multiple transceivers placed on a spherical shape with angular diversity and tackle the problem of automatically detecting and maintaining LOS alignment among neighbor multi-transceiver FSO structures. We present a prototype implementation of such multi-transceiver electronically-steered communication structures. Our prototype uses a simple LOS detection and establishment protocol and assigns logical data streams to appropriate physical links. We show that by using multiple directional transceivers and an auto-alignment mechanism, it is possible to maintain optical wireless links in a mobile setting with minimal disruptions and overhead.     

基于激光雷达观测数据的无线光通信系统性能研究

在分析大气衰减效应对无线光(FSO)通信性能影响 时,获取及时准确的能见度数据是关键。首先,分析了 目前获取能见度方法的不足之处,提出由激光雷达(LADAR)反演得到的数据可以更好地满足 FSO通信性能分析的 需求;其次,在介绍了利用LADAR观测数据反演水平能见度方法的基础上,以烟台1月18日典型天气为 例,获取了全天的能见度数据,并结合80%的相对湿度阈值对雾霾的转化过程进行分析 ;最后,结合 实测数据,通过设置适当的通信系统参数,对该日天气条件下的误码率(BE R)进行了实时分析,并得出雾比霾更 容易引起通信系统性能的降低。本文所得结论,将为建立实际的FSO通信链路提供 指导。     

Performance analysis of weather-dependent satellite–terrestrial network with rate adaptation hybrid free-space optical and radio frequency link

Due to the rapid development of satellite laser communication technology, free-space optical (FSO) links present a promising alternative to traditional radio frequency (RF) links. In this paper, taking the influence of weather factors into consideration, we investigate the performance of the hybrid FSO/RF links where the feeder link operates in the FSO band and the user link operates in the hybrid FSO/RF band. Specifically, the FSO feeder link is modeled by the gamma–gamma distribution in the presence of beam wander and pointing error, and the detection method adopts either the intensity modulation with direct intensity (IM/DD) or heterodyne detection. The RF user link is assumed to follow the shadowed Rician model. In addition, in order to improve the transmission rate of the link under the time-varying satellite–terrestrial channel, a rate adaptation scheme is proposed. The performance of the system under study is evaluated in terms of the outage probability, average bit error rate (BER), and average transmission rate. Our results provide some important insights, for example, (1) due to the constraints of the feeder link and weather factors, there is an upper limit on the outage performance and bit error rate of the hybrid link; (2) the adaptive transmission strategy can significantly improve the transmission rate of the link compared with traditional design.