用无需选取参数的Unit-linking PCNN进行自动图像分割

脉冲耦合神经网络（PCNN-Pulse Coupled Neural Network）是一种有生物学依据的人工神经网络，它可有效地用于图像分割。基于PCNN的图像分割效果取决于PCNN中各参数的选择。然而，图像分割时，各种不同的图像对应的PCNN参数是不同的，而PCNN参数的选择是困难的。本文提出了一种基于Unit-linking PCNN的图像分割新方法，解决了PCNN图像分割参数选择的难题。用本文提出的新方法可有效地自动分割各种图像，而无需考虑PCNN参数的选择，这对于PCNN的理论研究和实际应用有重要的意义。     

一种基于互相关匹配的简化PCNN及其图像分割

脉冲耦合神经网络(Pulse Coupled Neural Network,PCNN)可有效的用于图像分割,但无法确定最优分割时的迭代次数.针对这一问题,文章从原始图像与分割图像的相似性出发,提出了一种基于最大互相关匹配的简化PCNN图像分割新方法.该算法通过计算原始图像与分割图像的相关匹配系数来确定最优分割.实验结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于最大熵和PCNN的图像分割新方法

针对脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)无法确定最优分割以及脉冲门限具有非线性因子的问题,提出了一种基于最大熵和脉冲耦合神经网络的新型图像分割算法.该算法采用线性方式动态调整脉冲门限,采用最大熵确定PCNN网络的循环迭代次数,并引用均值滤波的思想对PCNN的接收部分进行了改良,以克服噪声对分割过程的影响.实验结果表明该方法能获得视觉效果较好的分割结果并具有较强的普适性.     

一种基于改进型PCNN的织物疵点图像自适应分割方法

 针对传统脉冲耦合神经网络(Pulse Coupled Neural Network,PCNN)模型中网络参数多、不易自动选取的问题,本文在对PCNN模型进行改进的基础上,提出了一种基于改进型PCNN织物疵点图像自适应分割方法.采用了一种基于分割区域内均匀度差异最小作为最佳迭代次数判断标准,从而有效地满足了PCNN对织物疵点图像的自动分割要求.通过对不同疵点图像分割实验证明了算法对疵点分割的准确性和有效性.     

一种新的基于PCNN的图像自动分割算法研究

脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)非常适合图像分割.在参数确定的情况下,分割效果随迭代次数呈周期性变化.因此确定最佳迭代次数是运用PCNN进行图像自动分割的关键.本文提出一种基于连通域计算的边缘统计算法,用于评价迭代结果的有效边缘.最大有效边缘值所对应的迭代输出即为最佳分割.实验证明,该算法比基于图像熵和基于边缘算子的算法灵敏度高,抗噪声能力强.     

一种新的PCNN模型参数估算方法

PCNN在图像处理领域得到广泛的应用,对其展开研究具有重要的理论意义及应用价值.在对PCNN的研究应用中,其模型参数的合理确定是一个难点.本文提出用灰度-信息量直方图来表征图像特征,通过对信息量直方图的分析,提出了估算PCNN时间衰减参数的自适应算法.该算法可以仅在PCNN的一个运行周期中以最少的迭代次数有效地完成图像分割,并且解决了对多目标进行分割时容易丢失目标的问题.     

一种基于简化PCNN的自适应图像分割方法

近年来的研究表明,脉冲耦合神经网络(Pulse Coupled Neural Network,PCNN)可有效地用于图像分割.然而对于不同图像,常需要选取适当的网络参数,以得到有效的分割结果.但是,目前网络参数的选取还主要停留在人工调整和确定阶段,尚无一种能够根据图像本身特性自动确定参数的方法,这在很大程度上限制了PCNN的应用.针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于简化PCNN的自适应图像分割方法,通过利用图像本身空间和灰度特性自动确定网络参数,实现对不同图像的分割.实验结果表明,本文算法可以有效地对不同图像进行自动分割,具有一定的健壮性.     

基于脉冲耦合神经网络的图像分割方法研究分析

文章研究了基于PCNN模型的图像分割。该方法利用PCNN模型有类似的灰度值与神经元对应可以同时发出脉冲的特征,保留图像的区域信息,显示了更多分割目标的细节信息,文章采用Lena图、Coins图以及经过模糊处理以后的Bike图进行了图像分割,并与最大类间方差Ostu分割方法进行了对比。实验结果表明,脉冲耦合神经网络分割方法利用最小的迭代次数、最快的分割速度,在图像的细节、轮廓以及去模糊方面实现了良好的分割效果。     

基于神经网络的图像分割算法在FPGA上的实现

脉冲耦合神经网络(Pulse Coupled Neural Network,PCNN)是一种新型神经网络模型,作为研究图像分割的常用方法,一直广受关注.针对目前大量文献关注PCNN模型仿真实现研究的情况,本文基于PCNN模型提出了将最小交叉熵分割算法在FPGA硬件平台上进行实现.相比于传统的PCNN软件实现以及最大信息熵分割算法实现的方案,本文提出的图像分割方案最佳分割精准度高,具有处理速度快,实时性强,图像分割效果好的优势,应用范围更广,因此该设计具有较高实际应用价值.     

基于简化PCNN模型的结构光图像自动分割方法

针对CCD获取的结构光图像因大尺寸、光照不均匀,一般分割方法容易产生过分割或欠分割,提出了一种简化的脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)分割方法。将结构光图像进行分块,降低光照对分割质量的影响。每块子图像采用改进的PCNN模型自动进行分割。PCNN采用线性方式动态调整脉冲门限,以最小交叉熵确定其迭代次数,并利用邻域像素间的关系自动调整连接系数,减少人工干预。通过主客观评价指标对分割结果进行了比较,结果表明,提出的算法可以有效地分割出结构光图像中的条纹及点阵模式,目标边缘光滑、连贯和清晰,可以用于结构光图像的分割处理。     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.