3G融合在线计费系统的实现方案

在3G网络下,融合和实时是计费系统的发展趋势.本文提出了基于3GPP参考架构下的一种融合在线计费的实现方案,实现了语音和数据、移动和固网业务的融合计费,并给出了这种融合在线计费系统的发展方向.     

基于内容的3G网络分层综合计费架构研究

移动数据业务发展迅猛,运营商和服务提供商都希望能够从服务内容中获得收益.由于3G的网络和业务价值链发生了很大的变化,目前的计费系统无法很好地满足针对内容的计费需求.本文先分析了内容计费的现状,然后根据3G的网络结构特点提出一种基于内容的分层综合计费模型,并分析了计费的过程和各层对应的计费策略、计费采集点及计费参数,最后论述了基于内容的3G综合计费平台的网络架构.     

基于云化架构的计费核心系统研究及应用

近年来,随着5G网络正式商用及互联网创新应用快速发展,通信运营商流量业务量呈现爆发式增长,现有计费核心系统的实时处理性能、稳定性压力与日剧增,文章针对可扩展性及高可用性云化设计目标,引入了AKF扩展立方体理论模型作为方法论,提出一套分布式、可配置、强运维、水平扩展的计费核心系统云化架构,并重点介绍计费核心系统的集群化云化架构,以及可扩展性和高可靠性的云化架构核心能力的设计思路,对于运营商核心系统云化转型具有参考价值。     

VoLTE计费方案分析

对VoLTE计费方案进行了分析,具体包括VoLTE网络架构、业务特征、计费架构、计费需求和模式分析等,并对VoLTE业务开通和计费策略提出了建议.     

3G网络计费系统体系结构

本文分析了3G网络计费系统的设计要求,研究了目前一般的计费系统架构,提出一种基于业务特征的3G计费系统的体系结构,该体系结构能够帮助计费系统处理面向客户和合作伙伴的个性化、多样化,能够处理对业务计费的实时性,能够具有业务演变的动态适应性.     

基于软交换的计费研究

本文首先简要比较了软交换网络与传统网络的业务提供，进而给出基于软交换的网络计费系统的基本架构并分析介绍计费相关协议，然后对基于QoS的计费和基于内容的计费等主要计费策略及其实现方案进行了较为深入的分析讨论。     

基于Gy接口的分组域实时计费系统

本文首先分析了分组域离线计费方式在运营中存在的局限性,随后介绍了3GPP基于Gy接口的分组域在线计费的基本原理。然后提出了适用于移动运营商的分组域实时计费系统架构,最后提出了分组域实时计费系统在实际部署中应重点关注的问题,并提出了解决方案。     

软交换网络计费研究

本文首先简要比较了软交换网络与传统网络的业务提供，进而给出基于软交换的网络计费系统的基本架构，并分析介绍了计费相关协议，然后笔者对基于QoS的计费和基于内容的计费等主要计费策略及其实现方案进行了较为深入的分析讨论。     

IMS中计费向网络侧迁移的探讨

文章首先介绍了IMS中计费的总体架构和在线计费、离线计费两种模式;接着分析了R8版本下策略与计费控制的架构所涉及的各个网元;并在此基础上探讨计费向网络侧迁移的必要性及可能性,提出了一种实现方案.     

一种新型计费系统建设方案的探讨

本文简要地介绍了现有计费方案,从实时计费的需求出发,说明了在线计费的必要性.然后结合目前计费系统的实际情况,提出了弹性计费系统的建设方案,并分析了该方案的优势.最后,指出弹性计费系统是一种优化的计费系统.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.