热压和放电等离子烧结对硬质合金材料微观组织和性能的影响

本文采用XRD、EBSD等测试手段,对热压（HP）和放电等离子烧结（SPS）获得的硬质合金材料的相成分、微观组织及其性能进行了比较,并对其形成原因进行分析。结果表明,两种烧结方法获得的试样均具有高的致密度及纯净的WC和Co相,试样内晶粒没有择优取向;绕[1010]轴取向角为90°的WC-WC晶界为低能晶界,因此该种晶界大量存在且均匀分布于试样中;两种烧结方法获得试样硬度基本一致;但SPS技术因加热速率快、保温时间短,有效阻止了WC晶粒的长大,特别是高温烧结阶段的晶粒粗化,因此获得的晶粒尺寸小于热压烧结试样,从而具有高的断裂韧性。由此表明快速合成的放电等离子烧结技术有利于超细晶和纳米晶硬质合金材料的制备。     

放电等离子体烧结镍的形变组织研究(英文)

利用放电等离子体烧结(SPS)技术制备了粗晶(13μm)和细晶(2μm)两种镍样品。EBSD分析表明,两种烧结样都没有织构,且它们的晶粒都为完全再结晶组织。对此烧结样进行单轴压缩,研究晶粒尺寸对形变中微观组织演变的影响。在样品坐标系中,用每个像素点相对于平均取向的旋转轴来构图,结果显示在一些大晶粒中有扩展的平直界面。滑移迹线和Schmid因子分析表明,这些界面平行于{111}迹线的晶粒,其取向与前人研究的有相同微观组织的大晶粒取向相同。对于SPS烧结的粗晶样和细晶样,几乎每个晶粒内部都发生了一定程度的晶粒分裂。     

隧道穿透对Sol-gel多晶二氧化钒薄膜电阻率的影响模拟

在多晶薄膜晶粒一晶界两相结构模型的基础上，考虑载流子对晶粒间界势垒区的隧穿机制，在10℃-100℃的温度范围内，模拟了Sol-gel多晶二氧化钒薄膜电阻率随温度的变化，模拟结果与实验结果有较好的吻合．模拟结果显示，二氧化钒多晶薄膜的晶界效应限制了薄膜相变时电阻率的变化，并使薄膜在金属相时呈现负的温度系数．     

纳米AlN粉末的制备与烧结

利用低温燃烧合成前驱物制备出平均粒度为100 nm的AlN陶瓷粉末,比较了该粉末的常压烧结和放电等离子烧结的特性.实验表明:以合成的AlN粉末为原料,添加5%(质量比)Y2O3作为烧结助剂,在常压、流动N2气氛下1600℃保温3 h,制备出平均晶粒尺寸为4～8 μm、密度为3.28 g·cm-3的AlN陶瓷;将同样的粉末不加任何烧结助剂,采用SPS技术在1600℃保温4 min,得到密度为3.26 g·cm-3的AlN陶瓷,晶粒度约为1～2μm.     

金属有机物热分解法制备铁电Bi4Ti3O12薄膜

由硝酸铋和钛酸丁酯原料出发，采用金属有机物热分解法在较低温度下（５００～６００°Ｃ）合成了赝正交晶系的铁电Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２多晶薄膜。对其结构进行了ＸＲＤ分析，对其介电、铁电和伏－安特性进行了测试分析。结果表明，晶格常数ａ和ｂ随烧结温度增高而减小，ｃ则不变；晶粒尺寸随烧结温度增高而增大。介电常数随频率增高而减小，损耗角正切随频率增高呈锅底形，在１０３～１０４Ｈｚ范围最低；介电常数随烧结温度增高而增大，是由于晶粒长大、晶界减薄引起的。介电常数和损耗角正切的典型值为１２４和０．０２。５５０°Ｃ以上烧结样品有较好的电滞回线；矫顽电场、自发极化、剩余极化均随烧结温度增加而增大；５５０°Ｃ烧结样品的典型参数值为Ｅｃ＝１２７ｋＶ／ｃｍ、Ｐｓ＝１１．１μＣ／ｃｍ２和Ｐｒ＝８．３３μＣ／ｃｍ２。薄膜样品的直流电阻率约为１０１０～１０１２Ω·ｃｍ，击穿电压约１５～２５Ｖ。     

SPS工艺对铜/金刚石复合材料性能的影响

采用SPS(放电等离子烧结)工艺制备了高体积分数铜/金刚石复合材料,研究了SPS中主要的工艺参数烧结温度、保温时间和烧结压强对复合材料相对密度和热导率的影响。结果表明:最佳的烧结温度为930℃;热导率和相对密度随保温时间延长有所提高,20min后趋于稳定;而随烧结压强由10MPa提高到70MPa,热导率约上升15%。经过优化工艺后,所制备的铜/金刚石复合材料最高热导率达到354.1W(m.K)–1,最高相对密度为98.4%。     

放电等离子体烧结镍的形变组织研究

利用放电等离子体烧结(SPS)技术制备了粗晶(13μm)和细晶(2μm)两种镍样品.EBSD分析表明,两种烧结样都没有织构,且它们的晶粒都为完全再结晶组织.对此烧结样进行单轴压缩,研究晶粒尺寸对形变中微观组织演变的影响.在样品坐标系中,用每个像素点相对于平均取向的旋转轴来构图,结果显示在一些大晶粒中有扩展的平直界面.滑...     

纳米AIN粉末的制备与烧结

利用低温燃烧合成前驱物制备出平均粒度为100 nm的AlN陶瓷粉末,比较了该粉末的常压烧结和放电等离子烧结的特性。实验表明:以合成的AlN粉末为原料,添加5%(质量比)Y2O3作为烧结助剂,在常压、流动N2气氛下1600℃保温3 h,制备出平均晶粒尺寸为4~8μm、密度为3.28 g.cm-3的AlN陶瓷;将同样的粉末不加任何烧结助剂,采用SPS技术在1600℃保温4 min,得到密度为3.26 g.cm-3的AlN陶瓷,晶粒度约为1~2μm。     

退火温度对BaSn0.94Sb0.06O3 NTC薄膜的影响

采用射频磁控溅射技术成功制备了BaSn0.94Sb0.06O3薄膜,并研究了退火温度对薄膜微观结构及电学性能的影响。薄膜晶体结构呈现（110）晶面取向。在850 ℃退火中,BaSn0.94Sb0.06O3薄膜的表面粗糙度为0.8 nm。该薄膜放在电阻炉（730~850 ℃）中退火,随着退火温度的升高,薄膜电阻率从426.74 Ω·cm急剧下降到31.28 Ω·cm。在790~850 ℃退火时,薄膜呈线性负温度系数(LNTC）热敏电阻。对薄膜进行复阻抗图谱研究。结果表明,随着薄膜退火温度的升高,薄膜晶粒与晶界表现出良好的LNTC热敏性能。     

气相法对BaTiO3陶瓷扩渗Gd元素及其电性能研究

采用气相法对BaTiO3 陶瓷扩渗Gd元素 ,使BaTiO3 陶瓷的导电性发生了显著变化 ,其室温电阻率从 4 .0× 10 12 Ω·m下降为 2 .76× 10 3 Ω·m ,而且随着频率增大和温度升高 ,交流电导逐渐增大 ,BaTiO3 陶瓷的导电性更强。Gd扩渗后BaTiO3 陶瓷的晶粒电阻随着温度的变化 ,呈现NTCR效应 ,而晶界电阻随着温度的变化 ,呈现PTCR效应 ,且晶界电阻远远大于晶粒电阻 ,说明该材料的PTCR效应是由晶界效应引起的。Gd扩渗使BaTiO3 陶瓷的介电常数显著降低 ,且随频率的增大而逐渐减小 ,介电常数随温度的变化呈PTC效应 ,并使BaTiO3 陶瓷的居里温度升高为 130 .6°C。     

聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑发光及其器件制备

采用光谱技术,研究了聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑(PBO)溶液的光敏发光特性,并用相对法估算出溶液发光效率在50%范围.结合光谱技术、半导体电学和电化学等研究手段,具体研究了以PBO为发光层的单层电致发光器件,研究结果显示,电致发光与薄膜的光致发光有具有相同的发光中心,峰值位于510 nm左右.同时发现,由于存制备过程中不同处理条件使得不同厚度薄膜残留的掺杂物质浓度不同,从而引起薄膜的导电性的不同.使得器件的阈值场强随PBO厚度的减小而逐渐增加.     

系统级封装新型埋入式电源滤波结构的研究

在高密度小尺寸的系统级封装(SiP)中,对供电系统的完整性要求越来越高,多芯片共用一个电源网路所产生的电压抖动除了会影响到芯片的正常工作,还会通过供电网路干扰到临近电路和其他敏感电路,导致芯片误动作,以及信号完整性和其他电磁干扰问题.这种电压抖动所占频带相当宽,几百MHz到几个GHz的中频电源噪声普通方法很难去除.结合埋入式电容和电源分割方法的特点,提出一种新型高性能埋入式电源低通滤波结构直接替代电源/地平面.研究表明,在0.65～4GHz的频带内隔离深度可达-40～75 dB,电源阻抗均在0.25ohm以下,实现了宽频高隔离度的高性能滤波作用.分别用电磁场和广义传输线两种仿真器模拟,高频等效电路模型分析这种低通滤波器的工作原理以及结构对隔离性能的影响,并进行了实验验证.     

Emerging interconnects: a state-of-the-art review and emerging solutions

Aluminium was a primary material for interconnection in integrated circuits (ICs) since their inception. Later, copper was introduced as interconnect material which has better metallic conductivity and resistance to electromigration. As the aggressive technology scaling continues, the copper resistivity increased because of size effects, which causes increase in delay, power dissipation and electromigration. The need to reduce the resistor-capacitor??????? delay, dynamic power utilisation and the crosstalk commotion is as of now the fundamental main impetus behind the presentation of new materials. The purpose of this paper is to do a survey of interconnect material used in IC from introduction of ICs to till date. This paper studies and reviews new materials available for interconnect application which are optical interconnects, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and silicon nanowires which are alternatives to copper. While doing a survey of interconnect material, it is found that multiwalled CNTs, multilayer GNR and mixed CNT bundles are promising candidates and are ultimate choice that can strongly address the problems faced by copper but on integration basis copper would last for coming years.     

Arsenic deposition as a precursor layer on silicon (211) and (311) surfaces

We investigate the properties of arsenic (As) covered Si(211) and Si(311) surfaces by analyzing data from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) images. We then create a model using total surface energy calculations. It was found that both Si(211) and Si(311) had 0.68±0.08 surface As coverage. Si(211) had 0.28±0.04 Te coverage and Si(311) had 0.24±0.04 Te coverage. The Si(211) surface replaces the terrace and trench Si atoms with As for a lower surface energy, while the Si edge atoms form dimers. The Si(311) surface replaces all terrace atoms and adsorbs an As dimer every other edge site. These configurations imply an improvement in the mean migration path from the bare silicon surface by allowing the impinging atoms for the next epitaxial layer, tellurium (Te), to bind at every other pair of edge atoms, and not the step terrace sites. This would ensure a nonpolar, B-face growth.     

光子晶体微腔发光二极管

光子晶体微腔因其具有增强自发辐射、定向输出和单模工作的能力而受到广泛关注。介绍了光子晶体微腔发光二极管的基本原理、设计、特性、制作及其典型器件。     

用于单光子TOF测量的时间-幅度变换器

基于新型共源共栅电流源的积分方法,设计了一种用于单光子飞行时间(TOF)测量的时间-幅度变换器(TAC)。该方法有效简化了TAC电路结构,减小了TAC占用面积,显著提高了TOF的满量程范围(FSR)。采用0.18 μm标准CMOS工艺设计。集成TAC的单光子探测器像素单元的填充因子可达到26.8%。后仿真结果表明,该TAC在120 ns的FSR内具有230 ps的定时分辨率,微分非线性(DNL)低于0.05 LSB,积分非线性(INL)低于1.1 LSB。蒙特卡洛仿真表明,512个TAC像素间的不均匀性低于0.5 %。该TAC非常适用于高密度时间相关的单光子计数(TCSPC)探测器阵列。     

Comparative study of maximum power point tracking techniques for hybrid renewable energy system

The power generation demand is increasing day-by-day throughout the world, therefore, the use of hybrid systems becomes a significant solution. The hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is used for delivering power in various regions in order to overcome intermittence of wind and solar resources. Because of increasing environmental problems, for example, greenhouse gas emission and energy cost have interested novel research into substitute methods in favour of electrical power generation. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control method is a vast deal of novel research used for enhancing the efficiency of HRES. The authors have revealed that the hybrid techniques i.e. Global MPPT, fuzzy-neuro systems, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Perturbed and Observe (P&O) + Adaptive Neural Network (ANN) etc. can provide best results as compared to other MPPT control methods. This paper offering a state of art review of MPPT control techniques for HRES.     

Joint estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB system using a successive propagator method

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging and positioning require accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA). With receiver of two antennas, both of the TOA and DOA parameters can be estimated via two-dimensional (2D) propagator method (PM), in which the 2D spectral peak searching, however, renders much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive PM algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak searching. The proposed algorithm firstly gets the initial TOA estimates in the two antennas from the propagation matrix, then utilises successively one-dimensional (1D) local searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas, and finally obtains the DOA estimates via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm, which only requires 1D local searches, can avoid the high computational cost in 2D-PM algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired parameters and has better joint TOA and DOA estimation performance than conventional PM algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and matrix pencil algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close parameter estimation to that of 2D-PM algorithm. We have also derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in this paper. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

一种基于分段CRC的LDPC译码的改进算法

级联多个循环冗余校验(CRC)的LDPC译码算法有效地改善了译码的收敛特性。然而在其译码算法中,当CRC检测的整体漏检概率不够低时,出现误码平台。因此,该文提出了改进算法,通过减少在译码算法中CRC检测的次数,降低整体漏检概率,提高了误码性能。仿真表明改进的算法提高了误码性能,译码复杂度也增加不大。     

多孔硅发光机制的分析

从量子力学的基本理论出发讨论了量子限制效应，推导出多孔硅有效禁带宽度增量并用量子限制效应和表面态及其物质在发光中作用的理论解释了ＰＳ光致发光的实验现象。