n-i-p型非晶硅太阳电池中p/ITO界面特性研究

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)技术,制备n-i-p型非晶硅(a-Si)太阳电池,采用反应热蒸发法制备ITO薄膜作为太阳电池的前电极。通过改变B2H6的掺杂浓度获得了不同晶化率的p层,详细研究了p层性能对p/ITO界面特性以及电池性能的影响。结果表明,在合适晶化率的p层上沉积ITO薄膜有利于优化p/ITO界面的接触特性,将其应用于n-i-p型a-Si太阳电池,能够显著改善电池的开路电压(Voc)和填充因子(FF),最终,在不锈钢(SS)衬底上获得了转换效率为6.57%的单结a-Si太阳电池。     

玻璃和柔性衬底上氧化铟锡薄膜特性的对比研究

对采用磁控溅射方法生长在玻璃和柔性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)塑料上的氧化铟锡(ITO)薄膜的结构、光学和电学特性进行了对比研究.在两种不同的衬底上均得到了不分相的、高质量的多晶ITO薄膜,其中生长在玻璃衬底上的ITO薄膜(002)衍射峰的半峰宽为0.24°,生长在PET衬底上的为0.28°.两种样品在可见光区都具有很高的透过率,其中玻璃衬底上生长的薄膜的透过率约为92%,PET上生长的薄膜的透过率高达87%.两种薄膜均具有良好的导电性,玻璃衬底上薄膜的电阻率为4.2×10-4Ω·cm,柔性PET衬底上薄膜的电阻率为4.7×10-4Ω·cm.实验结果证明,完全可以采用磁控溅射的方法在柔性衬底上生长出高质量的ITO薄膜.     

共溅射法制备ITO:Zr薄膜及其特性研究

采用ITO靶和Zr靶共溅射在玻璃衬底上沉积了ITO:Zr薄膜,研究了衬底温度、氧流量对ITO:Zr薄膜性能的影响.表征和对比了ITO:Zr薄膜晶体结构和表面粗糙度的变化ITO:Zr薄膜在低温生长时就可以得到良好的光电性能,衬底温度的提高显著改善了薄膜光电性能;一定范围的氧流量也可以改善薄膜的性能,但过量的氧却使得ITO:Zr薄膜的光性能变差.透射谱表明各参数的变化引起了明显的"Burstin Moss"效应.当优化溅射条件为工作气压0.5Pa、氧流量0.3 sccm、直流溅射功率45 W(ITO靶)和射频功率10 W(Z靶)、沉积速率8 nm/min和一定的衬底温度时,可以获得方阻10～20 Ω/sq和可见光透过率85%(含基底)以上的ITO:Zr薄膜.     

基于热光伏电池GaSb多晶薄膜的可控生长

采用物理气相沉积(PVD)法在ITO透明导电衬底上制备GaSb多晶薄膜.研究了衬底温度及薄膜厚度对GaSb薄膜结构特性、电学特性以及光学特性的影响.在一定条件下生长的GaSb薄膜择优取向由GaSb(111)晶向转变为GaSb(220)晶向, 这是在玻璃衬底上生长GaSb薄膜没有发现的现象.择优取向改变为(220)晶向的GaSb薄膜具有更高的霍尔迁移率.因为这种薄膜材料具有更少的晶粒间界和更少的缺陷.经优化后的GaSb薄膜的光学吸收系数在104 cm-1以上, 适用于热光伏薄膜太阳电池中.     

基于热光伏电池GaSb多晶薄膜的可控生长（英文）

采用物理气相沉积(PVD)法在ITO透明导电衬底上制备GaSb多晶薄膜.研究了衬底温度及薄膜厚度对GaSb薄膜结构特性、电学特性以及光学特性的影响.在一定条件下生长的GaSb薄膜择优取向由GaSb(111)晶向转变为GaSb(220)晶向,这是在玻璃衬底上生长GaSb薄膜没有发现的现象.择优取向改变为(220)晶向的GaSb薄膜具有更高的霍尔迁移率.因为这种薄膜材料具有更少的晶粒间界和更少的缺陷.经优化后的GaSb薄膜的光学吸收系数在104cm~(-1)以上,适用于热光伏薄膜太阳电池中.     

PTCDA表面射频磁控溅射ITO薄膜的特性研究

将氧化铟锡(ITO)溅射淀积在PTCDA/玻璃衬底表面,利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、四探针和紫外可见分光光度计分别测量薄膜的表面形貌、电阻率和透光率.结果表明:衬底温度对ITO在PTCDA上的淀积有着与在其他衬底上淀积所不同的影响,提高衬底温度淀积ITO并没有提高薄膜的结晶度;溅射功率的提高有利于ITO电阻率的下降,但是功率过高会破坏ITO薄膜的特性:ITO膜厚度的增加导致其电阻率减小.     

CdS薄膜的真空热蒸发制备及在CIGS薄膜太阳电池中的应用

采用真空热蒸发(VTE)的方法制备了CdS多晶薄膜,研究了不同衬底温度对其微观结构与光电性能的影响。结果显示,不同衬底温度下制备的CdS薄膜均属于六方相多晶结构且具有(002)择优取向;随着衬底温度的升高,(002)特征衍射峰强度增加,半高宽变小,相应薄膜结晶度增大;由CdS薄膜的透射光谱可知,在500~1 000nm波段平均透过率均超过80%,光学带隙随着衬底温度的升高而增大(2.44~2.56eV),表明真空热蒸发方法制备的CdS薄膜可以作为CIGS薄膜太阳电池的缓冲层。将真空热蒸发法制备CdS薄膜与磁控溅射法制备CIGS薄膜太阳电池相结合,在同一真空室内得到了CIGS薄膜太阳电池器件,为CIGS薄膜太阳电池的工业化推广提供了新途径。     

柔性衬底上六噻吩薄膜的有序生长

采用石英晶体微天平实时监测薄膜生长速率,控制衬底温度和生长速率,分别在柔性聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)绝缘层和柔性氧化铟锡(ITO)透明导电层上真空蒸发沉积了分子有序排列的六噻吩薄膜.X射线衍射分析表明,对PVP层而言,六噻吩薄膜有序生长的条件为衬底温度90°c、生长速率10 nm/min,六噻吩分子链始终与衬底平行,降低衬底温度将导致薄膜结晶度的下降.而对ITO层来说,六噻吩薄膜有序生长的条件为衬底温度50℃、生长速率10 nm/min,衬底温度显著影响了六噻吩分子取向,室温下六噻吩分子链与衬底成一定夹角,随着温度的提高六噻吩分子链趋向与衬底平行.对PVP和ITO衬底,生长速率太高或太低都将导致薄膜结晶度的下降.     

射频磁控溅射ITO薄膜中沉积温度对膜特性影响

采用射频磁控溅射的方法,在溅射过程中改变沉积温度以提高铟锡氧化物(ITO)薄膜的电学和光学特性。采用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了ITO薄膜的表面形貌,发现ITO薄膜的晶粒尺寸随着衬底温度的升高而增大。经过后续退火,ITO薄膜的电学特性得到了较大的提高。在溅射条件为工作气压1 Pa、衬底温度200℃和输入功率200 W沉积的样品经过300℃真空退火2 h获得了12.8×10-4Ω.cm的低电阻率和800 nm波段94%的高透过率。     

有机玻璃衬底磁控溅射ITO膜的制备与性能研究

在低温条件下采用直流磁控溅射法在有机玻璃(PMMA)衬底上制备了ITO薄膜。分别采用分光光度计、四探针测试仪研究了底涂层、衬底温度、氧流量、溅射时间对PMMA上沉积的ITO薄膜性能的影响。研究结果表明:涂覆底涂层有助于ITO成膜;衬底温度影响薄膜的方块电阻值;适当增大O2流量可以提高薄膜的透射率,但过高的O2流量降低薄膜的导电性;溅射时间延长,方块电阻值减小。优化工艺后制备的ITO薄膜为非晶态膜,可见光平均透过率达83.5%,方块电阻为22Ω/□。     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.     

High-quality single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons and their optical properties

Large-scale synthesis of single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons is achieved by a modified thermal evaporation method, in which two-step-thermal-evaporation is used to control CdSe sources＇ evaporation. The synthesized CdSe nanoribbons are usually several micrometers in width, 50 nm in thickness, and tens to several hundred micrometers in length. Studies have shown that high-quality CdSe nanoribbons with regular shapes can be obtained by this method. Room-temperature photolumines-cence indicates that the lasing emission at 710 nm has been observed under optical pumping （266 nm） at power densities of 25-153 kW/cm^2. The full width half maximum （FWHM） of the lasing mode is 0.67 nm     

Propagation of hermite-cosh-gaussian beams passing through ABCD optical system with an annular aperture

By using the expansion of the aperture function into a finte sum of complex Gaussian functions, the corresponding analytical expressions of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beams passing through annular apertured paraxially and symmetrically optical systems written in terms of ABCD matrix were derived, and they could reduce to the cases with squared aperture. In a similar way, the corresponding analytical expressions of cosh-Gaussian beams through annular apertured ABCD matrix were also given. The method could save more calculation time than that by using the diffraction integral formula directly.     

Influence of polarization extinction ratio on distributed polarization coupling detection

Distributed polarization coupling in polarization-maintaining fibers can be detected by using a white light Michelson interferometer. This technique usually requires that only one polarization mode is excited. However, in practical measurement, the injection polarization direction could not be exactly aligned to one of the principal axes of the PMF, so the influence of the polarization extinction ratio should be considered. Based on the polarization coupling theory, the influence of the incident polarization extinction on the measurement result is evaluated and analyzed, and a method for distributed polarization coupling detection is developed when both two orthogonal eigenmodes are excited.     

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