A machine vision system for inspection of keyboards

A machine vision system for automatic inspection of keyboards is described. The system verifies that each location on a keyboard contains the correct, properly oriented key and that the graphics are not badly distorted. The graphics are inspected on the top and front surface of keys that vary widely in color, contour, surface texture and graphic content. Economical solutions are presented to a number of problems related to the design of the system's mechanics, optics, illumination, data reduction, pattern location and graphics discrimination. Operating procedures for training and running the system are also presented along with preliminary results.     

基于WTC6216的触摸式按键设计

为降低电子产品的生产成本,美化电子产品的外观,提升电子产品的品质,设计了一种基于单片机与WTC6216集成电路相结合带背光的人体触摸式按键电路。该电路的特点是外围元器件少,与单片机接口电路简单,且微功耗、抗干扰能力强、工作性能稳定、安装工艺简便等,可用于制作间距较小的密集型键盘,因而对于消费电子产品和手持式仪器设计具有较高的实用性。     

视觉检测系统LED光源照度优化方法

针对当前视觉检测系统LED光源照度优化研究中存在的照度效果评价因素单一、照度优化方法通用性不足等问题,以芯片封装质量视觉检测为例,提出一种基于改进樽海鞘算法的LED光源照度优化方法。该方法在单个LED光源照度数学模型基础上,建立标准条形LED阵列光源照度数学模型,获取条形LED阵列在任意空间位姿与被测面的照度值;基于照度均匀度、照度梯度变化与对中度、平均照度、目标与背景区分度等因素建立平面照度效果评价函数;提出改进樽海鞘算法,通过改进算法收敛系数、速度、领导者与追随者位置等更新策略,增强区域搜索的多样性;应用改进樽海鞘算法对平面照度效果评价函数进行优化求解,获取具有最优照度效果的空间位姿参数。实验结果表明:考察优化区域的相对照度分布,文中提出的LED光源照度优化方法所得照度分布与实际测量所得照度分布结果基本一致,目标区域理论照度均匀度在98.78%以上,误差在5.57%以内。因此文中提出方法优化目标合理,可用于视觉检测系统具有最优照度效果时光源位姿信息参数的获取。     

一种PCB表观检查机的无阴影高均匀照明方法

印刷电路板(PCB)表观检查机的检测算法,对亮度不均的阴影条纹的原始图像难以处理,最终影响PCB的检测性能。本文基于实验图像阴影条纹的形成机理,提出一种无阴影高均匀的PCB表观检查机照明方法。本方法采用4个荧光灯组成,其中两个光源与物面的镜面方向对称,用于高反射照明;另外两个光源用于漫反射照明。仿真和实验表明,本方法可以消除高反射曲面引起的图像阴影条纹,在PCB表观检查机系统中达到均匀照明效果且增强缺陷和背景的对比度。本方法也可应用于类似的高反射曲面的自动表观检查系统,如铝带缺陷检查,塑料薄膜缺陷检查等。     

Optimum stochastic inspection policies for a system with safety device

In this paper we discuss an optimal stochastic inspection policy for systems that consist of a safefy related module which is supervised by a second module. The life time distributions of the modules are arbitrary. A failure of the safety relevant module is determined by the supervising module provided the latter is functioning. Function of the supervising module can be determined only upon inspection. An inspection returns the system into a state as good as new. The system fails if the safety relevant module fails undetected. The optimal inspection policy is searched among stochastic strategies, i.e. strategies that are able to consider different inspection times with various probabilities.     

基于单片机的无线温/湿度采集与控制系统

为了研究温/湿度的无线采集与控制,提出基于单片机AT89C52和AT89C2051作为微处理器的无线温/湿度采集与控制系统。由控制器模块、键盘模块、液晶显示模块、无线发射/接收模块、报警模块、空调系统组成。采用温度传感器DS18B20采集温度;采用线性频率输出集成湿度传感器HF3223采集相对湿度;采用键盘对目标温度进行人工设定;采用液晶显示器RT12864和LCD1602显示温度值和湿度值;采用PID算法产生的PWM波来实现对温度的控制;采用无线发射/接收模块实现温度值和湿度值的无线传输和显示。     

Models for characterizing phase-shift defects in optical projectionprinting

An algebraic model is developed for characterizing the printability, inspection, and repair of phase-shift defects in optical projection printing. Phase-shift defects are particularly difficult to characterize because of the many parameters associated with the exposure tool and with the attenuating phase shift mask (PSM) pattern. Furthermore, the parameters change during inspection of the attenuating PSM because the mask is examined under illumination conditions which differ from the exposure illumination. An algebraic model which encompasses this large set of variables is derived by considering the electric fields under the mask to be a combination of the electric fields from the feature and defect. These fields are then combined according to the mutual coherence function for the mask illumination. A notable difficulty is the relative phase shift due to defocus between large and small features. The model is shown to be valid for defects up to 0.35 λ/NA by comparison to SPLAT. Experimental verification is made for defects impacting a 6% transmitting PSM for 0.35-μm features at i-line. The reliability of the model is illustrated by giving rules of thumb for defect printing in attenuating PSM's     

Confocal Image 3D Surface Measurement with Optical Fiber Plate

A whole-field 3D surface measurement system for semiconductor wafer inspection is described. The system consists of an optical fiber plate, which can split the light beam into N2 subbeams to realize the whole-field inspection. A special prism is used to separate the illumination light and signal light. This setup is characterized by high precision,high speed and simple structure.     

激光投影虚拟键盘的研究与设计

针对激光投影虚拟键盘的实际需求,结合嵌入式技术和图像处理技术,研究设计了一套激光投影虚拟键盘设备.硬件模块以ARM Cortex-M4架构的微处理器作为主控器,采用数字型CMOS摄像头;软件模块的处理过程中利用MATLAB进行部分数字图像的处理并将处理结果导入到微控制器中进行嵌入式图像处理.在完成系统的软硬件设计后,对整个系统的功能进行测试,由测试结果表明整个系统达到了预期的目的.     

单片机应用系统键盘优化编码技术研究

在分析和研究了独立编码和矩阵编码技术的基础上,本文提出一种新的混合编码技术。使用本技术,采用（M＋N）条IO线,可以实现M×（N＋1）个按键编码。本技术优化了单片机的键盘编码技术,提高了其IO资源的利用率,在单片机应用系统中有很好的实用价值。     

基于BC7281的功能键盘设计

键盘是最常见的计算机输入设备,广泛应用于微型计算机和各种终端设备上,计算机操作者通过键盘向计算机输入各种指令、数据,指挥计算机的工作。因此键盘设计的好坏,将会直接关系到系统的可靠性与稳定性。本文采用键盘控制芯片BC7281和单片机AT89S52的输入／输出接口设计一个具有功能键的键盘。     

基于数字全息和混沌随机相位编码的双图像加密

为了提高图像的加密效率,提出了一种基于三步 相移数字全息和混沌随机相位编码的 双图像加密方法。两幅图像分别作为振幅部分和相位部分被编码为一幅复数图像,该复数图 像被置于物光路中不同位置处的两块混沌随机相位板编码后与参考光进行干涉,从而将两幅 图像的信息隐藏于三幅全息图中。在该方法中,混沌系统的初值和控制参数取代随机相位板 做密钥,使密钥的管理和传输更为便捷。此外,衍射距离和入射波长也可作为解密过程中的 密钥,使该方法的安全性得以进一步提高。计算机模拟结果表明,任何一个密钥错误时,都 不能解密得到原图像的任何有效信息。此外,该方法对噪声攻击和剪切攻击具有较强的鲁棒 性。     

METRO-3D: an efficient three-dimensional wafer inspection simulator for next-generation lithography

Wafer inspection schemes for next-generation lithography (NGL) will play a key role in controlling defect mechanisms and maintaining an acceptable yield. Developing these wafer inspection schemes will require characterization and optimization of deep ultraviolet (DUV) wavelength illumination at high numerical apertures (greater than 0.9) to detect defects that may be a fraction of the design rule. Using wafer inspection test benches that provide the flexibility for various illumination polarizations, numerical apertures, scanning, or full-field schemes can be extremely costly; therefore, simulation of these schemes is necessary to characterize the various detection parameters. To model defects for NGL, three-dimensional (3-D) simulation tools will be required to simulate highly absorptive material in the environment of shorter wavelength illumination. Also, the simulator will be required to simulate high numerical aperture (NA) inspection schemes to capture small defects. With the development of METRO-3D, a 3-D simulation tool that rigorously solves the EM field on arbitrary wafer topographies, we are able to model and characterize the wafer inspection schemes for NGL. We will present simulation results from METRO-3D for various wafer inspection schemes, including high NA schemes, on NGL topographies with highly absorptive materials.     

模糊专家系统在TFT-LCD缺陷检测中的应用

提出了一种基于模糊专家系统的薄膜晶体管液晶显示器（TFT-LCD）缺陷检测技术。TFT—LCD的缺陷具有很强的模糊性和复杂性，所以很难建立清晰有效的诊断模型。结合了专家系统和模糊理论建立的TFT-LCD缺陷检测系统可以避免复杂的数学模型，充分利用已有的专家经验和知识，解决缺陷检测中存在的模糊和不确定问题。实验结果表明，采用该系统进行缺陷检测时，漏检率和错检率低于3％，能满足检测的要求。     

家用小范围环境控制系统

现实生活中有很多地方对环境的要求非常苛刻,在此以AVR单片机为控制核心,通过传感器检测室内利用制冷片和加湿器等设备,对室内的温湿度、光照度进行调节,已达到室内的环境控制的目的。同时,该设备还具有键盘和显示功能,能够依据具体的环境要求,自主设定和显示室内环境值。该系统与市面上的一般同类器件相比具有价格便宜,功能强大的优点。该系统在实际测试中取得了令人满意的效果。     

基于ISD1420的多路语音报警系统

以AT89C51为核心,采用直接模拟存储技术DAST芯片ISD1420和8位A／D转换器ADC0809,设计了一种多路语音报警系统,包括信号放大、处理电路,A／D转换模块,语音报警模块、数码显示模块、按键输入模块等。系统具有一定通用性、稳定可靠,可广泛应用于各种监测系统中。     

智能键盘字符输入及LCD显示系统设计

提出了一种基于单片机的智能键盘字符输入及LCD显示系统设计方案。详细阐述了系统硬件设计各模块接口电路和工作原理,介绍了点阵字符型液晶显示模块(LCD)和键盘接口的软件设计,给出相应的程序设计流程图。在Proteus环境下仿真实现了各种字符的输入、字母大小写切换和显示等功能,并成功运用于某门控系统中。     

基于SPCE061A单片机的直流电子负载的设计

直流电子负载系统采用凌阳公司SPCE061A单片机为控制核心,由信号处理模块、A/D转换模块、D/A转换模块、液晶显示模块、矩阵键盘等模块组成.它能够实现恒流、恒压、恒阻和恒功率四种工作模式.其中恒压与恒流模式为基本的工作模式,而恒阻和恒功率模式是在恒流模式的基础上实现的.本系统的主要特点就是采用LM358双运算放大器和MTY25 N60E大功率场效应管构成负载的信号处理模块,这样的信号处理模块设计能够更容易获得稳定且精确的负载信号.由于SPC E061A单片机内部集成了A/D和D/A,大大简化了电路,提高了系统的可靠性.     

DSE-Net: Deep simultaneous estimation network for low-light image enhancement

This paper presents a novel approach for low-light image enhancement. We propose a deep simultaneous estimation network (DSE-Net), which simultaneously estimates the reflectance and illumination for low-light image enhancement. The proposed network contains three modules: image decomposition, illumination adjustment, and image refinement module. The DSE-Net uses a novel branched encoder–decoder based image decomposition module for simultaneous estimation. The proposed decomposition module uses a separate decoder to estimate illumination and reflectance. DSE-Net improves the estimated illumination using the illumination adjustment module and feeds it to the proposed refinement module. The image refinement module aims to produce sharp and natural-looking output. Extensive experiments conducted on a range of low-light images demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model and show its supremacy over various state-of-the-art alternatives.     

航测相机人机交互系统的设计与实现

采用内置微控制器的液晶显示模块及机械触点式金属键盘,设计了一种航测相机的人机交互系统。系统采用DSP和FPGA协同控制的模式,实现了同液晶显示模块及键盘的软、硬件接口设计。详细描述了系统任务要求、软硬件设计思路及在设计过程中着重考虑的问题。针对液晶屏"雪花"现象产生的原因进行了分析并提出了相应的解决方案,介绍了使用自定义字库进行相机工作信息显示的方法。地面试验及飞行试验表明:系统工作可靠,可视性和可操作性强,满足系统使用要求,为人机交互系统的设计提供了可借鉴的方案。