基于仿真场景的天基红外探测系统性能评估

利用仿真生成的二维辐射场景数据,提出了一种探测系统性能的评估分析方法,建立了美国天基红外高轨探测系统(SBIRS-H)总体指标与探测性能的关系。该方法以统计的杂波等效目标定量描述了场景杂波大小,并利用信杂比综合表征探测性能,反映出不同系统参数下的探测性能变化规律,可应用在红外探测系统方案分析、设计与评估阶段。     

时序平滑多尺度叠加动态红外云场景仿真

天基红外观测场景中云场景具有几何结构动态变化复杂、尺度变化随机、辐射动态变化不确定的特点且与天基动态探测链路耦合,对系统探测效能造成极大影响。因此,开展云场景仿真方法研究对天基红外光学卫星系统设计具有非常重要的意义。针对传统仿真方法在大尺度动态云图像仿真应用中计算效率低、占用内存大的问题,提出了一种基于时序平滑多尺度叠加方法的动态云图像仿真方法,在基于多尺度叠加算法进行云层整体位置移动仿真的基础上,利用帧间插值的方法实现动态云层形状结构变化,计算效率提高10倍以上,真实模拟云场景的整体移动与内部变化,实现大尺度动态云图像的仿真。     

中段目标平动及微动的红外辐射特性分析北大核心CSCD

红外辐射特性是对弹道目标进行探测和识别的主要依据之一,而目标结构、材料、空间位置、运动形式都会对其辐射特性造成影响。论文针对天基红外探测场景下中段目标平动及微动的辐射特性分析开展研究。首先构建天基红外探测场景模型,通过轨道仿真计算不同时刻中段目标的空间位置、相对探测器的空间姿态等参数;其次基于中段目标红外辐射模型,综合考虑不同位置及姿态参数下太阳辐射、地球背景辐射等参数,计算相应的目标温度与辐亮度等;最后综合考虑目标相对探测器的空间距离及姿态,仿真不同波段下红外探测器获得的中段目标辐照度,以及不同运动形式对辐照度的影响。仿真结果表明,目标微动对辐射特性的影响不可忽视,可作为目标识别的一个特征,为后续目标探测与识别提供数据支撑与指导。     

空中弱目标天基光学探测性能表征及匹配设计方法

针对远距离空中弱目标光学探测的需求,提出天基探测系统性能表征与关键指标匹配设计方法.首先立足于天基光学探测全链路,分析得出影响天基观测条件下空中复杂环境背景中弱目标光学探测的主要因素,包括场景杂波、探测系统的光谱辐射尺度、几何尺度等;然后对上述影响因素进行表征建模,建立目标的图像信噪比与影响要素之间的关系模型,即探测系统性能表征模型;最后以典型探测场景为例,通过研究目标在不同场景杂波及探测多尺度耦合特性下的信噪比变化规律,提出探测谱段优选及其与空间分辨率的匹配设计建议,可为我国天基探测系统设计、指标论证、信息处理算法优化提供理论依据与科学指导.     

天基红外动目标检测系统的仿真和评估

为了更有效评估红外探测系统的性能,评估系统的成像质量,根据动目标序列图像的检测原理,结合建模仿真技术,设计并开发了基于Matlab平台的天基红外动目标检测仿真系统,进行了实验仿真。该仿真系统以红外探测成像系统的图像作为输入,对图像进行灰度算法和信噪比分析,反映红外探测系统的成像质量,实现单帧检测以及多帧关联检测,输出检测率、虚警率和目标运动轨迹,并能够对检测算法进行评价。通过探测波段和空间分辨率的研究对天基红外探测系统的谱段选择、空间分辨率的设计有较强的工程应用指导价值。     

机载末端红外对抗作战效能仿真研究

为研究飞机末端红外对抗作战效能,通过建立红外对抗仿真系统,分别对飞机红外特性、诱饵干扰特性、激光定向干扰特性进行建模仿真,通过红外特征实时解算的方法建立红外对抗场景,结合不同作战环境、干扰场景的飞机末端防御,进行红外图像渲染和模型解算,为红外干扰效能评估提供实时的红外对抗场景。结合典型的作战态势和飞机机动方式,仿真分析了导引头视场内的目标与诱饵动态红外场景,进行飞机末端防御的不同干扰手段干扰效能评估和干扰使用策略研究。仿真结果表明,飞机红外对抗仿真系统能有效地对末端红外对抗作战效能和干扰策略想定进行研究。     

采用前置栅网滤波的天基红外成像点目标探测技术

天基红外成像预警大多属于点目标探测,如何在复杂背景及随机点噪声条件下实现点目标的有效探测和跟踪是天基红外预警技术重点研究内容。研究了新型前置栅网滤波热成像理论,分析了基于前置栅网滤波形成特定衍射斑对天基红外成像点目标探测的影响,利用Matlab对栅网的滤波效果进行了模拟仿真,所得仿真图像与实验图像的衍射强度分布具有较好的一致性;并在相同点目标能量条件下,对点目标及其前置栅网滤波衍射图案进行了人眼视觉探测实验,初步分析表明了其对于点目标探测和跟踪的有效性,为进一步研究和发展高性能的天基红外成像技术提供了一种新途径。     

红外预警卫星探测波段地球背景辐射仿真研究

针对红外预警卫星探测波段遥感数据难以获取的问题,研究了基于地表温度反演的红外预警卫星探测波段地球背景辐射仿真方法。采用了通用型单通道算法对FY-3/MERSI数据集进行地表温度反演,得到了全球地表温度分布图。在此基础上,构建了地表红外辐射模型,充分考虑了海拔、大气模式、地表类型等因素对地表辐射的影响,利用MATLAB与MODTRAN进行联合编程完成每个像元对应的地表辐射计算,实现了红外预警卫星探测波段地球背景辐射场景的图像生成。仿真结果表明:仿真图像分辨率高,能够准确反映红外预警卫星探测波段的地球背景辐射特性,可为研究红外预警卫星作战效能评估和目标识别技术提供场景数据支撑。     

基于OGRE的动态红外场景仿真研究

对基于OGRE渲染引擎的红外场景仿真框架进行了研究,初步实现了一个动态红外场景仿真系统。该系统建立了符合红外辐射传输过程的“目标-背景-大气-成像系统”综合模型,能够按照用户输入参数和控制。生成不同效果的动态红外场景图像。     

导弹助推段天基红外探测的像面照度模型及其应用

波段选择是导弹助推段天基红外探测系统设计首先需要解决的问题.无论是中心波长的确定,还是波段宽度的设定,都应有合理的依据.本文提出了导弹助推段天基探测的像面照度模型,并根据模型得到导弹助推段天基红外探测系统的目标与背景信杂比作为目标函数,利用信杂比的最大化作为波段宽度选择的依据,进行探测波段的选择.分析结果表明,以H2O,CO2吸收带2.7μm和4.3μm为作为红外探测系统的中心波长有其固有的合理性,不同的波段宽度选择将使信杂比产生显著变化.本文所建立的像面照度模型对遥感器设计和性能估计亦有重要意义.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.