Design of band-notched antenna with DG-CEBG

Ultra-wideband (UWB) disc monopole antenna with crescent shaped slot for double band-notched features is presented. Planned antenna discards worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) band (3.3–3.6 GHz) and wireless local area network (WLAN) band (5–6 GHz). Defected ground compact electromagnetic band gap (DG-CEBG) designs are used to accomplish band notches in WiMAX and WLAN bands. Defected ground planes are utilised to achieve compactness in electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures. The proposed WiMAX and WLAN DG-CEBG designs show a compactness of around 46% and 50%, respectively, over mushroom EBG structures. Parametric analyses of DG-CEBG design factors are carried out to control the notched frequencies. Stepwise notch transition from upper to lower frequencies is presented with incremental inductance augmentation. The proposed antenna is made-up on low-cost FR-4 substrate of complete extents as (42 × 50 × 1.6) mm³.Fabricated sample antenna shows excellent consistency in simulated and measured outcomes.     

Electromagnetic band gap coupled tri-notched miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna loaded with slot and parasitic strip

An electromagnetic band gap (EBG) coupled miniaturized tri-notched printed ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole microstrip antenna having dimensions of 22 mm × 26 mm × 1.6 mm loaded with a slot in radiating patch and a parasitic strip in the ground plane has been presented. The proposed structure incorporates a square-shaped metallic radiating patch with a square EBG structure adjacent to the microstrip feed line, a U-shaped meandered slot over the radiating element, and a U-shaped parasitic resonator at the ground plane beneath the radiating element, to reject the C-band satellite downlink (3.7 to 4.2 GHz), WLAN frequency band (5.15 to 5.85 GHz), and X-band satellite downlink (7.25 to 7.75 GHz) frequency bands, respectively. The designed antenna operates in the frequency range from 3 to 11.1 GHz, with an impedance bandwidth of 8.1 GHz and a percentage bandwidth of 114%. Modification steps incorporating into the reference antenna to achieve the desired design objectives have been discussed, along with parametric studies. The proposed design has been simulated using Ansys HFSS, and measurement has been taken using standard measurement technique and compared with the simulated results.     

Compact UWB monopole antenna with quadruple band notched characteristics

ABSTRACT

A compact planar Ultrawideband (UWB) monopole antenna with quadruple band notch characteristics is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of a notched rectangular radiating patch with a 50 Ω microstrip feed line, and a defected ground plane. The quadruple band notched functions are achieved by utilising two inverted U-shaped slots, a symmetrical split ring resonator pair (SSRRP) and a via hole. The fabricated antenna has a compact size of 24 mm × 30 mm × 1.6 mm with an impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.86 to 12.2 GHz for magnitude of S₁₁ < ?10 dB. The four band notched characteristics of proposed antenna are in the WiMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) band (3.25–3.55 GHz), C band (3.7–4.2 GHz), WLAN (wireless local area network) band (5.2–5.9 GHz) and the downlink frequency band of X band (7–7.8 GHz) for satellite communication are obtained. The measured and simulation results of proposed antenna are in good agreement to achieve impedance matching, stable radiation patterns, constant gain and group delay over the operating bandwidth.     

Band notched UWB circular monopole antenna with inductance enhanced modified mushroom EBG structures

Circular monopole antenna for ultra-wide band applications with notch band transition from WLAN to WiMAX is presented. The proposed antenna rejects WiMAX band (3.3–3.8 GHz). Antennas utilises modified mushroom-type electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures to achieve band-notched designs. The proposed inductance enhanced modified EBG structures are 34 % compact than the conventional mushroom EBG structures. The band notched antenna designs using EBG structures have advantages like notch-frequency tuning, antenna design independent approach and omnidirectional radiation pattern. The step wise effect of inductance enhancement and tuning of notch from WLAN band (5–6 GHz) to WiMAX band is shown. Effect of variation of EBG structure parameters on which notched frequency depends is investigated. The proposed antenna has been fabricated on low cost FR4 substrate with overall dimensions as (42 × 50 × 1.6) mm³. Measured results are in good agreement with simulated ones.     

Penta-notched UWB antenna with sharp frequency edge selectivity using combination of SRR,CSRR, and DGS

This work presents penta-notched UWB antenna with sharp frequency edge selectivity using combination of SRR, CSRR, and DGS to reject the WiMAX (3.30–3.60 GHz), lower WLAN (5.150–5.350 GHz), upper WLAN (5.725–5.825 GHz), downlink of X-band satellite communication (7.0–7.40 GHz), and the uplink of X-band satellite communication (8.10–8.50 GHz) frequency bands. All these frequency bands lie within the UWB frequency spectrum. The proposed antenna is suitable for portable communication applications due to its compact dimensions. It sharply notches the existing frequency bands to mitigate the interference caused by nearby wireless communication systems within UWB frequency range. The sharp notching is achieved by the combination of complementary split ring resonators (CSRR) on the radiating semi-circular patch, split ring resonators (SRR) placed at the junction of the feedline, and a pair of defected ground structures (DGS). All notched bands can be well controlled and shifted and the equivalent lumped model of the notched bands are also developed for validation. The proposed antenna simulated, and measured results show better performance over the present state-of-the-art designs. The proposed penta-notched UWB antenna possesses better reflection coefficient, VSWR, stable gain, and small foot print. The proposed antenna has a nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern in the passbands.     

A novel microstrip antenna loaded with EBG and ELC for bandwidth enhancement

This paper proposes the design of three compact antennas for WiMAX, WLAN and ISM band applications. Antenna 1 consists of a monopole radiating element with an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structured ground. By employing the EBG structure, an ultra-wide band frequency of 2.4–4.8 GHz (66.66%) is achieved. Antenna 2 is configured with an electric-LC (ELC) element, which achieved an ultra-wide band (UWB) frequency of 2.38–4.91 GHz (69.41%). Antenna 3 is integrated with ELC and EBG together, in which a UWB frequency of 2.3–5.3 GHz (78.94%) is obtained with improved impedance matching. The three antennas have omnidirectional radiation patterns which cover the ISM band at 2.4 GHz and WiMAX at 2.5/3.5 GHz over the operating bands. The radiation efficiency is?>?75% throughout the operating bands of all the antennas. In addition to the WiMAX and ISM bands, antenna 3 covers WLAN in the 5.2 GHz band. The proposed design can be applied to wireless mobile communication systems, which have the advantage of ease of fabrication and compactness.

     

具有双带阻特性的超宽带缝隙天线

设计了一款微带馈电的超宽带缝隙天线,整体尺寸仅有30 mm×30 mm×1.6 mm,在3.08～11 GHz范围内驻波比小于2,可覆盖超宽带频段.为了实现对WiMAX和WLAN频段的陷波,分别在地板和馈线上蚀刻不同缝隙,仿真结果表明:在3.2～3.7 GHz,5 ～5.9 GHz驻波比大于2,增益显著下降,而在通带内仍然保持良好的全向辐射特性和稳定的增益.该天线结构简单、性能优良,能广泛应用于超宽带通信系统中.     

五陷波超宽带天线的研究与设计

为滤除窄带信号对超宽带通信系统的干扰,研究并设计了一种具有五个陷波特性的超宽带天线。采用微带线馈电,在辐射贴片上刻蚀一个椭圆形开环谐振器,并在馈线旁制作了四个不同尺寸的U 形寄生短截线,以实现天线的陷波特性,天线尺寸为30 mm×40 mm×0.8 mm。仿真实验验证了天线工作频率范围为2.8~12 GHz;有效滤除了WiMAX 波段(2.94~3.42 GHz)、INSAT 波段(4.42~4.53 GHz)、WLAN 波段(5.32~5.5 GHz)、X 波段上行频(7.01~7.27 GHz)和X 波段下行频(7.57~8.05 GHz)。实测数据表明,天线的工作频段、方向性、增益及五个陷波特性等性能指标良好。     

SRR and S-shape slot loaded triple band notched UWB antenna

This paper demonstrates the design of a triple band notched ultrawideband circular microstrip patch antenna loaded with Complementary Split RingResonator (CSRR) and S-shaped slot in microstrip feed line. Complementary Split Ring Resonator slot and S-shaped slot are used to produce band notched characteristics for WiMAX band (3.30–3.60 GHz) and WLAN band (5.10–5.80 GHz) respectively. The downlink frequency band (7.25–7.75 GHz) of X-band for satellite communication is notched using Symmetrical Split Ring Resonator Pair (SSRRP) as electromagnetic coupling element near microstrip feed line which produces band stop characteristics. Measured results of fabricated antenna prototype are compared with simulated results and found in correspondence. The VSWR and vector current plots show evidence of the significant suppression in the desired frequency bands.     

Design and comparative analysis of circuit theory model-based slot-loaded printed rectangular monopole antenna for UWB applications with notch band

In this paper, a slotted printed rectangular monopole antenna (SPRMA) is proposed that covers the entire UWB (ultra-wideband) except for WiMAX and WLAN (802.11/a-n). In the first stage, a rectangular monopole antenna is designed, which covers the entire UWB frequency. Then, a T-slot is inserted in the radiating patch to have the rejection of the band containing WiMAX and WLAN (802.11/a-n). The notch characteristics of the proposed antenna are observed from 3.0 to 3.65 GHz and 4.5 to 6.65 GHz respectively. Measured peak gain of 3.28 dBi has been observed at 4.25 GHz frequency. To show the validation of antenna, mathematical analysis using circuit theory has been also given in the paper. The prototype has been also tested inside the anechoic chamber to give the validation in real-time environment. Several other reported antenna structures have also the same notch band in UWB with different notching methods. The proposed structure's radiation properties are compared with other reported structures proving the compactness of the proposed structure.     

Design of Compact Planar Triple Band-Notch Monopole Antenna for Ultra-wideband Applications

In this article a microstrip-fed mickey shaped monopole antenna with triple notched band characteristics for ultra-wideband applications is presented. By etching two slots in the ground plane, improved VSWR bandwidth is achieved. Mickey shape radiating patch provides 10 dB return-loss bandwidth from 3.10 to 10.60 GHz. By etching three simple C-shaped slots on the radiating patch, three existing wireless communication systems which interfere with UWB band is removed which includes WiMAX IEEE802.16 (3.30–3.80 GHz), WLAN IEEE802.11a/h/j/n (5.15–5.35, 5.25–5.35, 5.47–5.725, 5.725–5.825 GHz) and X-band downlink satellite system (7.1–7.9 GHz). Experimental results reveal that the proposed antenna exhibits desirable radiation patterns in the far field, resulting omnidirectional like pattern in the H-plane and nearly dipole like pattern in the E-plane.     

一种具有三阻带特性的超宽带天线的设计与研究*

提出了一种紧凑型共面波导馈电的具有三阻带特性的超宽带天线。所设计天线的基本几何结构由共面波导(CPW)馈电线、菱形辐射贴片和矩形宽缝隙组成。通过在辐射贴片上刻蚀一个U型槽,以及在共面波导的接地面上增加两对L型的寄生旁枝结构来实现天线的三陷波特性。天线尺寸为32mm×32mm×0.508mm。仿真和实验结果表明,该天线在2.6~11.5GHz的频段内电压驻波比小于2,在3.15~3.80GHz、5.20~5.80GHz和8.2~8.7GHz三个频段内具有陷波特性,分别有效阻隔了Wi MAX系统、WLAN系统和ITU 8GHz频段信号对于超宽带(UWB)系统的干扰。在除三个阻带频段外的其余UWB工作频段范围内,具有良好的辐射方向特性和稳定的增益。仿真结果和实验结果表现出良好的一致性。     

Study on frequency and impulse response of novel triple band notched UWB antenna in indoor environments

In this paper, a novel fork shaped structure backed plane is added to a simple UWB (ultra wideband) slot antenna to enhance the impedance bandwidth as well as create triple band notched characteristics for Impulse Radio (IR) UWB applications. This fork-shaped structure is connected to a rectangular radiating patch at four different points through the cylindrical pins. The proposed antenna with this fork-shaped structure shows a very wide impedance bandwidth which spans from 2.5 up to more than 20 GHz and offers triple band-notched properties in WiMAX, WLAN and X-band downlink satellite communication spectrums. Moreover, the proposed antenna shows good radiation features such as gain, radiation efficiency and radiation patterns. A comprehensive investigation on the antenna time domain performance is also performed throughout the paper, and the effect of the proposed antenna on the two popular excitation pulses including modulated Gaussian (MG) and square root raised cosine (SRRC) pulses is fully investigated. A frequency-domain measurement setup is applied to measure time domain characteristics of the proposed antenna. Also, the realistic indoor multipath propagation channel characteristics when the proposed antennas are applied as the transmitter and receiver antennas are studied. Sub-band divided ray tracing method is used to simulate channel characteristics.     

Compact UWB Antenna with High Rejection Triple Band-Notch Characteristics for Wireless Applications

In this paper, small printed flower-shape triple notch ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna with high band rejection is presented. Notch bands include WiMAX (IEEE802.16 3.30–3.80 GHz), WLAN IEEE802.11a/h/j/n (5.15–5.35, 5.25–5.35, 5.47–5.725, 5.725–5.825 GHz), and X-band downlink satellite system (7.1–7.9 GHz). By including inverted T-shape stub and etching two C-shaped slots on the radiating patch, triple band-notch function is obtained with measured high band rejection (VSWR = 14.52 at 3.58 GHz, VSWR = 15.88 at 5.69 GHz and VSWR = 6.95 at 7.61 GHz) and covers a UWB useable fractional bandwidth of 114.30% (2.74–10.57 GHz = 7.83 GHz). In short the antenna offers triple band-notch UWB systems as a compact multifunctional antenna to reduce the number of antennas installed in wireless devices for accessing multiple wireless networks with wide radiation pattern. The proposed antenna has a small size of about 0.25λ × 0.30λ at 4.2 GHz (first resonance frequency), which has a size reduction of 30% with respect to the earlier published antenna. Both the experimental and simulated results of the proposed antenna are presented, indicating that the antenna is a good candidate for various UWB applications.

     

Metamaterial inspired quad band circularly polarized antenna for WLAN/ISM/Bluetooth/WiMAX and satellite communication applications

A CPW fed metamaterial inspired Quadband circularly polarized antenna is presented in this article. The proposed antenna consists of defected ground structure with a radiating stub, which is at opposite side of the feedline. A waveguide mode of analysis is carried out for split ring resonator (SRR) and complimentary split ring resonator (CSRR) to enhance the properties of metamaterials. The proposed antenna analysis is taken iteration wise and used FR-4 Material as the substrate material with Ɛ_r = 4.4 and analysed using ANSYS electromagnetic desktop. The designed antenna projecting the peak gain of 4.8 dB and it is working in the application bands of WLAN/ISM/Bluetooth at 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz and 3.35 WiMAX band, X-band downlink satellite communication system (7.25–7.75 GHz) and ITU band (8–8.5 GHz) with fractional bandwidth of about 70%. Proposed antenna exhibits circular polarization at 2.39–2.55 GHz, 3.05–3.1 GHz, 4–5 GHz and 6.3–6.64 GHz respectively. To know the signal integrity of the antenna, time domain analysis is carried out for identical antennas in two conditions (face to face and side by side) with the help of CST microwave studio. The designed antenna showing excellent correlation in measurements with respect to simulation results.     

Design and Development of an Efficient EBG Structures Based Band Notched UWB Circular Monopole Antenna

Band notched circular monopole antennas for ultra-wide band applications are proposed in this paper. The proposed antennas in this paper can reject worldwide interoperability for microwave access WiMAX band (3.3–3.8 GHz) and wireless local area network WLAN band (5–6 GHz). Antennas utilises mushroom-type electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures and I-slot embedded edge located via (ELV) EBG structures to achieve band-notched designs. The advantages of band notched designs using EBG structures like notch-frequency tuning, dual-notch antenna designs and stable radiation pattern are also verified. Various antenna designs with slot in EBG structures, variations in placement of EBG structures, number of EBG structures and ELV type EBG structures are simulated. About 30% reduction in size of EBG structures is obtained if conventional mushroom type EBG is replaced by proposed I-slot embedded ELV-EBG structure. Fabricated and measured results are in good agreement with simulated ones.

     

具有三阻带特性的新型平面超宽带天线研究

设计了一款具有三阻带特性的紧凑型超宽带天线。该天线采用共面波导结构进行馈电且能覆盖3.05~11.05 GHz的频率范围。通过在地表面加载两个对称的L形槽可以滤除WiMAX和卫星通信系统对超宽带系统的干扰,同时5.15~5.25 GHz和5.725~5.825 GHz的WLAN系统对超宽带系统的干扰分别被加载在辐射贴片上的倒C形和馈线上的倒U形槽滤除。天线经过设计,优化和制作,并对其进行了测试。测试结果表明,该天线尺寸为23mm×30 mm,其在3.05~11.05 GHz内VSWR小于2,并在3.30~4.16,5.0~5.4和5.6~6.0 GHz处形成了三个阻带。     

新型小尺寸三陷波超宽带天线的设计

设计了一种紧凑的具有三陷波特性的超宽带天线。天线采用渐变微带线馈电,并通过矩形加半圆的辐射单元和半圆形地板来实现超宽带。通过在辐射单元上刻蚀对称的L形槽和圆环形槽,来实现在WLAN/WiMAX的陷波特性;在渐变微带馈线两侧增加对称的C形谐振器来达到在X频段的陷波特性。实验结果表明,天线在2.68~13GHz频段内电压驻波比小于2,同时在3.1~3.8GHz,5~5.9GHz,7.25~7.85GHz频段内有陷波抑制作用,且具有良好的辐射特性。天线具有较小的几何尺寸,仅为20mm×30mm。     

A slot resonators based quintuple band-notched Y-shaped planar monopole ultra-wideband antenna

A Y-shaped ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna containing modified ground plane with five stop bands is presented. An inverted U-shaped slot and a C-shaped slot are placed on Y-shaped radiating patch to achieve two notched bands while three pairs of C-shaped slots are placed at different positions on modified ground plane to achieve three more notched bands. The proposed antenna is designed, fabricated and experimentally tested. The designed Y-shaped antenna has overall dimensions of 36 × 38 × 1.6 mm³ (0.34λ_l × 0.36 λ_l × 0.016 λ_l) and has impedance bandwidth 2.86–13.3 GHz at |S₁₁| < −10 dB level. Measured band notches are achieved at 3.75/5.43/7.87/8.62/9.87 GHz centre notched frequencies to eliminate worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) band (3.45–4.0 GHz), wireless local area network (WLAN) band (5.15–5.90 GHz), X-band for satellite communication (6.77–8.00 GHz), ITU-8 band (8.3–9.1 GHz), and radio navigation (RN) band (9.3–10.6 GHz), respectively. Variation of slot parameter on individual band notch is also investigated. Omnidirectional radiation pattern for XZ-plane and dipole-like radiation pattern for YZ-plane are observed. Stable gain, variation of phase response in linear fashion and group delay <1.3 ns for whole ultra-wideband except at band notches is achieved.     

Controllable Band‐Notched Slot Antenna for UWB Communication Systems

We propose a slot antenna consisting of a rectangular slot on the ground plane, fed by a microstrip line with a rectangular‐ring‐shaped tuning stub that can be deployed in ultra‐wideband (UWB) communication systems to avoid interference with wireless local area network (WLAN) communication. Our antenna can achieve a single band‐notched property from the 5 GHz frequency to the 6 GHz frequency owing to a controllable band notch that uses L‐ and J‐shaped parasitic elements. The antenna characteristics can be modified to tune the band‐notched property (4 GHz to 5 GHz or 6 GHz to 7 GHz) and the bandwidth of the band notch (1 GHz to 2 GHz). Furthermore, the shifted notch with enhanced width of the band notch from 1 GHz to 1.5 GHz is described in this paper. The UWB slot antenna and L‐ and J‐shaped parasitic elements also provide the band‐rejection function for reference in the WiMAX (3.5 GHz) and WLAN (5 GHz to 6 GHz) regions of the spectrum. Experiment results evidence the return loss performance, radiation patterns, and antenna gains at different operational frequencies.