整形二元光学元件衍射效率的研究

设计了用于将He-Ne激光基模光束整形为环形光强分布的光束二元光学元件;并进行了实验分析,在实验中,主要改变输出面距BOE的距离L,测得输出面的衍射效率,并与数值计算相比对.     

输入输出距离变化对BOE整形环强度的影响分析

利用杨 -顾相位恢复算法设计了 1 6阶光束整形器 ,用以将 He- Ne激光基模光束整形为环形光强分布 ,并进行了实验分析 ,在实验中 ,改变输出面距输入面 (光束整形器 )的距离 L,测得输出面的衍射光强分布 ,并与理论模拟相比对。研究结果表明实验结果与理论设计及模拟相吻合     

基于多路窄线宽光纤激光的9.6kW共孔径光谱合成光源

理论和实验研究了一种基于双多层电介质膜(MLD)光栅色散补偿构型设计的光谱合成激光器,该激光器既实现了多路光纤激光高光束质量共孔径光谱合成输出,也降低了单路光纤激光的线宽要求。优化了该激光器的光束质量退化分析模型,分析了激光波长、光栅色散和光谱结构对光谱合成输出光束质量的影响,实验研究了不同功率水平下的光谱合成输出光束质量变化特性,获得了最大输出功率为9.6kW的高光束质量共孔径合成输出,光束质量M2为2.9,合成效率达到92.0%。通过进一步压缩每路光纤激光的线宽并提升其功率或增加合成路数,可以获得更高功率和更高光束质量水平的共孔径激光输出。     

强激光非线性自聚焦效应的研究

利用"星光Ⅱ"激光装置,观察到激光在硅酸盐介质传输中的非线性自聚焦现象;研究了输出光束质量随B积分的变化规律.实验研究表明,在入射光束质量变化不大的情况下,B积分比较小时,输出光束的质量基本上不发生变化;当B积分增大到一定值后,随B积分的增大,光束分裂为许多细光束,光束质量急剧变差.实验表明,对于"星光Ⅱ"激光装置的输出光束,B积分小于1.8,非线性效应对输出光束质量的影响比较小. 研究了入射光束质量对非线性自聚焦效应的影响.实验和理论研究表明,质量好的入射光束,输出光束质量急剧变坏时对应的B积分较大.此外,引入PSD方法分析了光束强度分布的粗糙程度.对不同的B积分,同样频率的调制,非线性增长速度不同.计算了实验所测光场频率大于1 mm-1的光场的RMS值,给出了光束RMS与B积分的关系曲线,研究了输出光束质量随B积分的变化规律,比较准确地解释了实验观察到的现象.(OA8)     

腔镜面型对射频板条CO_2激光器输出模式的影响

采用非稳腔结构的激光器,当系统的菲涅耳数较大时,球面腔镜尺寸随之增大,尽管可以获得高输出功率,但由于不满足傍轴条件,球面腔镜的球差对输出模式的影响变大。采用Fox-Li迭代算法,分析了腔镜类型不同时谐振腔有效菲涅耳数为675的2 k W射频板条CO_2激光器的输出模式,并进行了实验研究。结果表明,当腔镜采用双球面镜时球差的影响显著,输出光束近似为球面波,输出平面上光束质量因子M!2=14.48,光束质量差,聚焦后光束偏离光轴,难以实现高功率、高光束质量的激光输出;当腔镜均采用抛物面镜时球差的影响得以消除,输出光束近似为平面波,此时输出平面上光束质量得到改善,M!2=3.96,实验结果与数值模拟结果一致。     

带变反射率耦合输出镜的连续高功率Nd：YAG激光器的研究

分析了具有变反射率耦合输出镜（ＶＲＭ）的热透镜谐振腔的光束传输特征，研究了ＶＲＭ的耦合输出及对高功率固体激光光束的选模作用，实验结果验证了理论分析并得到连续波１８０Ｗ，光束参数乘积（远场发散角半角×近场光束半径）为６．２５ｍｍ·ｍｒａｄ的高亮度激光输出。     

基于双轴锥镜的环形激光束整形

为了改善非稳腔高能激光系统的光束质量,提高发射光学系统口径的利用率,采用新型的可用于光学非稳腔输出环形光束的光学整形方法,通过在激光腔外的光路上增加光学元件对输出的环形激光束进行了整形变换。在理论分析的基础上,设计并加工了基于双轴锥镜的光束整形装置,针对非稳腔高能激光器输出的环形光束进行了整形实验,取得了与理论分析一致的数据。结果表明,采用双轴锥镜装置整形后的光束比原始光束具有更好的光束质量,光束束腰直径由45mm减小为32mm,光束质量因子M2由14减小到11.8。该方法用于光学非稳腔输出环形光束整形变换具有可行性。     

光纤激光器凸端面选模理论和实验研究

为了改善光纤激光器的输出光束特性,将光纤端面加工处理成近似凸球面。从实验上研究了光纤端面为凸球面时对光纤激光器输出光束质量和输出功率的影响。在考虑横向空间烧孔效应的速率方程的基础上,建立了光纤激光器端面选模的理论模型,并对凸端面选模方法进行了数值模拟。结果表明,采取凸端面作为光纤激光器的输出端可以提高输出激光的光束质量。     

光学组合半导体激光器输出光束特性研究

为了评价光学组合半导体激光器的输出光束性能,采用两种方法从理论上分析了光学组合半导体激光器的输出光束的光束传播因子.第1种方法与传统堆栈式半导体激光器的光束质量评价方法类似,通过几何光学得到光束束宽;第2种方法采用管芯光强分布的类高斯模型计算输出光束的二阶矩进而得到光束束宽,最后均得到输出光束的光束传播因子与激光条单元数及激光条包含管芯数的关系.进行了3个激光条组成的光学组合半导体激光器的实验,获得输出功率120W,功率密度209W/cm2,光束平均间距1.1mm,整体光束传播因子M2=197.对比了两种方法及实验结果.结果表明,这两种方法可以用来估算光学组合半导体激光器的输出光束质量.     

空间光调制器产生拉盖尔-高斯光束方法研究

为了解决产生拉盖尔-高斯模式光束较难的问题,采用二进制振幅全息图方法,基于空间光调制器,产生了拉盖尔-高斯光束,进行了理论分析和实验验证。推导了高斯光束到拉盖尔-高斯光束傅里叶变换的传递函数,通过对拉盖尔-高斯模拟图的修正,得出了可以用于空间光调制器的二进制全息图; 搭建了基于4f系统的实验平台,取得了不同阶数的拉盖尔-高斯模式输出,并在实验中对产生的拉盖尔-高斯光束进行了检测。结果表明,此套装置搭建及操作简便,且可实现动态可控的光束输出,对于产生高阶涡旋光束以及因斯-高斯模式都有重要意义。     

Diffraction and Reflection of a Plane Electromagnetic Wave by a Right-Angled Impedance Wedge

The interior of a right-angled impedance wedge is a natural model of a corner reflector and is of interest in the development of wireless propagation models. Using a previously-developed solution for the diffraction of a plane wave by a wedge of arbitrary angle, the geometrical optics field is determined and the diffracted field is computed. If an impedance compatibility condition is not met, the geometrical optics field is discontinuous across a plane specified by the edge of the wedge and the incident field direction. The diffracted field is required to compensate for this and its magnitude is proportional to the discontinuity. The field is computed for a variety of impedances and incident angles. Simple analytical approximations are also provided and their accuracy quantified.      

The Impedance of a Wire Grid Parallel to a Dielectric Interface

Analysis is given for the problem of reflection of a plane wave at oblique incidence on a wire grid which is parallel to a plane interface between two homogeneous dielectrics. It is assumed that the wire grid is a periodic structure and consists of thin cylindrical wires of homogeneous material. The equivalent circuit is derived where it is shown that the space on either side of the interface can by a transmission line, and the grid itself is represented by a pure shunt element across one of the lines.     

A Compact Light-Weight Gaussian-Beam Launcher for Microwave Exposure Studies

A new type of compact Iight-weight Gaussian-beam launcher for producing a focused-microwave exposure field in biological experiments is described. This launcher is identical to the structure described by the authors elsewhere, except that a simple circular waveguide aperture, instead of a corrugated pipe is used to illuminate a dielectric sphere lens with the result that a considerable weight and size reduction of the launcher is achieved. The proposed structure consists of a simple cylindrical waveguide excited with a balanced mixture of complementary modes and the diffracted field due to this waveguide aperture is made to illuminate a dielectric sphere (lens). It is shown that a near-circular Gaussian beam is then pruduced in the image space of the sphere with a high focusing factor. Design details, theoretical calculation, and experimental results concerning a practical launcher are presented. Suitability of this compact structure for diathermy applications at a frequency of 2450 MHz is mentioned.     

基于ZEMAX的半导体激光准直镜设计方法研究

针对目前采用单个球面镜压缩激光时存在发散角效果差或者球面镜片数过多的问题,通过ABCD矩阵法从理论上对高斯光束经过单透镜时的传输特性进行了分析,得出了单透镜无法实现半导体激光光束理想准直的结论。提出了一种基于ZEMAX的半导体光源准直镜的设计方案,并给出了设计与优化方法。结合工程中常用的808nm半导体激光器,设计了双片型808nm半导体激光准直镜,并在ZEMAX中使用合适的优化函数和权重对像差进行了校正。通过采用非球面镜获得了较好的准直效果,发散角达到了0．032mrad。该设计使用的镜片数较少,结构简单。     

Theoretical Aspects of Microstrip Waveguides

The Microstrip is a modification of the wire-above-ground system of transmission - the wire is replaced by a narrow strip printed on a dielectric sheet which is backed by a conductor. An exact theory for such a structure is difficult because the cross section is not homogeneous and has a geometry which does not lead to separation of variables. Furthermore it is an "open" structure where the energy is not confined to a finite region as it would be in conventional or "closed" waveguides.     

Robust detection of a known signal in nearly Gaussian noise

A detector that is not nonparametric, but that nevertheless performs well over a broad class of noise distributions is termed a robust detector. One possible way to obtain a certain degree of robustness or stability is to look for a min-max solution. For the problem of detecting a signal of known form in additive, nearly Gaussian noise, the solution to the min-max problem is obtained when the signal amplitude is known and the nearly Gaussian noise is specified by a mixture model. The solution takes the form of a correlator-limiter detector. For a constant signal, the correlator-limiter detector reduces to a limiter detector, which is shown to be robust in terms of power and false alarm. By adding a symmetry constraint to the nearly normal noise and formulating the problem as one of local detection, the limiter-correlator is obtained as the local min-max solution. The limiter-correlator is shown to be robust in terms of asymptotic relative efficiency (ARE). For a pulse train of unknown phase, a limiter-envelope sum detector is also shown to be robust in terms of ARE.     

The capacity region of a multiple-access discrete memoryless channel can increase with feedback (Corresp.)

The capacity of a single-input single-output discrete memoryless channel is not increased by the use of a noiseless feedback link. It is shown, by example, that this is not the case for a multiple-access discrete memoryless channel. That is, it is shown that the capacity region for such a channel is enlarged if a noiseless feedback link is utilized.     

A two wave theory of traveling-wave tubes and backward-wave oscillations

Starting from Pierce's small-signal TWT equations, a two-wave theory for complicated TWT's and BWO's is developed. Explicit gain expressions for TWT's with severs and velocity tapers are given. A detailed treatment is given of a BWA structure with a single-step velocity taper in the center. The BWO start oscillation current is calculated as a function of the taper strength. The effciency of a step velocity taper as a remedy for backward-wave oscillations in the higher passbands of a TWT is then analyzed. It is shown that a suitable taper can increase the start oscillation current by more than a factor of 10 without adverse effects on the TWT performance if the backward waye coupling impedance is low. A tube with a weak linear taper is analyzed by a perturbation technique and it is found that there is no significant difference between the start oscillation currents for tubes with weak linear or abrupt tapers of comparable strengths.     

A tunable polarization-independent liquid-crystal Fabry-Perotinterferometer filter

The authors propose a simple structure for a tunable polarization-independent wavelength-selective filter. This successfully fabricated filter consists of a liquid crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer, a γ/4 plate, and a mirror. The input light is divided into a transmitted light and a reflected light. The polarization of this reflected light is rotated 90° by the γ/4 plate and the mirror and then this light is input again into the filter. The bandwidth is 0.48 nm and the tuning range is 50 nm. Fiber-to-fiber loss is approximately 3.9 dB and polarization dependence of the loss is approximately 0.3 dB     

High-Chip-Count UWB Biphase Coding for Multiuser UWB-Over-Fiber System

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a novel technique to optically generate high-chip-count, phase-coded direct-sequence (DS) ultrawideband (UWB) signals for multiple-access UWB communications. In the proposed system, a lightwave from a laser source is phase-modulated by a Gaussian pulse train. The phase-modulated lightwave is then sent to a polarization modulator, to modulate the polarization state of the lightwave by a code pattern. The polarization-coded optical signal is then converted into a biphase-coded DS-UWB signal by a polarization-dependent frequency discriminator. The key device in the proposed system is the frequency discriminator, which is implemented using a length of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) and a polarizer. A 127-chip, biphase-coding DS-UWB that has a data rate of 26.46 Mb/s and a chip rate of 3.36 Gb/s is experimentally generated. A multiuser UWB-over-fiber system is then proposed and a two-user system is demonstrated, in which the encoding is performed experimentally and the decoding is performed by numerically calculating the correlation between the coded UWB signal and the signature sequence. The signal of each user is well recognized. An effective two-user UWB-over-fiber system based on the DS-UWB technology is thus demonstrated.