Effect of Temperature on Structural and Morphologic Properties of ZnO Films Annealed in Ammonia Ambient

ZnO thin films were prepared on Si(111) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Then, the samples were annealed at different temperatures in NH₃ ambient and their properties were investigated particularly as a function of annealing temperature. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of ZnO films were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL). The results show that the increase of annealing temperature makes for the improvement in the crystal quality and surface morphology below the temperature of 650°C. However, when the annealing temperature is above 650°C, the ZnO films will volatilize and, especially at 750°C, ZnO will volatilize completely.     

The influence of post-growth annealing on optical and electrical properties of p-type ZnO films

In this study, p-type ZnO films with excellent electrical properties were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) combined with a N–Al co-doping technique. The influence of post-growth annealing conditions, i.e., annealing ambient and temperature, on optical and electrical properties of p-type ZnO films was investigated. The dependence of the intensity of the green emission on the annealing ambient indicates that the green emission might originate from the donor defect, oxygen vacancy. The effect of the annealing temperature on electrical properties of ZnO-based films affirms the prominent action of hydrogen in the conductivity and acceptor doping of ZnO films.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Al3+掺杂ZnO薄膜的结构和光学性能

采用无机盐溶胶-凝胶方法在载玻片衬底上制备了ZnO:Al薄膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见光透射光谱(UV-Vis transmittance spectrum)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了退火温度和Al3+掺杂浓度对ZnO:Al薄膜结构和光学性能的影响.结果表明,随退火温度的升高或进行适当浓度的Al3+掺杂,可...     

退火温度对ZnO/PZT薄膜结构及电阻率的影响

采用射频反应磁控溅射法在Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT)/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si基片上制备了ZnO薄膜,利用X线衍射仪(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、霍尔效应测试系统等对不同退火温度下制备薄膜的结构、形貌及电阻率等进行了分析表征。结果表明,退火温度600℃的ZnO薄膜(002)择优取向较好,晶粒大小均匀,表面平整致密。随着退火温度的增大,电阻率先下降后升高,600℃时ZnO薄膜电阻率达最小。     

退火对用PLD法制备ZnO薄膜的发光影响

用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法在Si(111)和蓝宝石衬底上制备的氧化锌薄膜,在不同的退火温度和不同的退火氛围中进行了退火处理.退火温度及退火氛围对ZnO薄膜的结构和发光特性的影响用X射线衍射(XRD)谱和光致发光谱进行了表征.实验结果表明,随着退火温度的提高,ZnO薄膜的压应力减小,并向张应力转化.在不同的退火温度退火...     

PLD法制备ZnO薄膜的退火特性和蓝光机制研究

通过脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法,在O2中和100～500℃衬底温度下,用粉末靶在Si(111)衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜,在300℃温度下生长的薄膜在400～800℃温度和N2氛围中进行了退火处理,用X射线衍射(XRD)谱、原子力显微镜(AFM)和光致发光(PL)谱表征薄膜的结构和光学特性。XRD谱显示,在生长温度300℃时获得较好的复晶薄膜,在退火温度700℃时获得最好的六方结构的结晶薄膜;AFM显示,在此退火条件下,薄膜表面平整、晶粒均匀;PL谱结果显示,在700℃退火时有最好的光学特性。     

退火温度对纳米ZnO薄膜结构与发光特性的影响

利用溶胶鄄凝胶法在硅衬底上制备了纳米ZnO薄膜。研究了热处理对ZnO薄膜的质量与发光性能的影响。结果表明,纳米ZnO薄膜具有六方纤锌矿结构,并且,随着退火温度的升高,ZnO的晶粒变大,c轴取向性变好,紫外发光强度增强。     

温度对飞秒激光沉积ZnO/Si薄膜的结构和性能的影响

通过飞秒脉冲激光(50 fs,800 nm,1 kHz,2 mJ)沉积技术在n型Si(100)单晶基片上制备了ZnO薄膜.详细研究了基片温度变化以及退火处理对ZnO薄膜的结构、表面形貌及光学性质的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,不同温度下(20~350℃)生长的ZnO薄膜具有纤锌矿结构,并且呈c轴择优取向;当基片温度为80℃时,薄膜沿(002)晶面高度择优生长;当基片温度为500℃时薄膜沿(103)晶面择优生长,场发射扫描电子显微镜(FEEM)结果表明薄膜呈纳米晶结构,并观察到了ZnO的六方结构.进一步通过透射光谱的测量讨论了基片温度及退火处理对ZnO薄膜光学透射率的影响,结果表明退火后薄膜的透射率增大.     

低压高温退火对Ag掺杂ZnO薄膜性质的影响

采用电子束蒸发在n-Si(100)衬底上沉积Ag掺ZnO(ZnO:Ag)薄膜,随后在200 Pa的O<,2>气氛下分别在500、600、700和800℃退火4 h.用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、荧光光谱仪以及Van der Pauw方法测量ZnO:Ag薄膜的结构和光电学性质.结果表明,ZnO:Ag薄膜为多晶结构,且随着退火...     

Recent Advances in ZnO Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Pulsed laser deposition （PLD） is emerging as the most rapid and efficient technique for fabricating the many compound films. ZnO thin films can be prepared under various deposition conditions by PLD. The effects of various substrate temperature, oxygen partial pressure, annealing temperature, substrate, buffer layers thickness and film thickness on micro-structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO films grown by PLD technology are reviewed. ZnO films with special function can grow under proper conditions by PLD.     

Al-N共掺杂ZnO:Mn稀磁半导体薄膜的结构与性能

采用反应磁控溅射法在室温下沉积前驱体氮化物,在大气环境、500℃下氧化退火30min后获得了Al-N共掺杂ZnO:Mn薄膜。研究了直流与射频反应磁控溅射对氧化退火薄膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明:两种工艺制备的退火薄膜均具有ZnO纤锌矿结构,且均为n型导电。射频溅射退火样品具有很好的c-轴择优取向,其表面光滑平整,表面粗糙度RMS值为1.2nm,且具有室温铁磁性,饱和磁化强度(Ms)和矫顽力(Hc)分别为46.8A·m–1和4.9×103A·m–1;而直流溅射退火样品表面凹凸不平,RMS值为25.8nm,室温下是反铁磁性的。     

Al掺杂ZnO厚膜的sol-gel法制备及其气敏性能研究

以硝酸锌、硝酸铝和氢氧化钠为原料,采用sol-gel法制备铝掺杂的纳米氧化锌厚膜(样品),并利用XRD和SEM对其微观结构进行了表征。研究了铝掺杂量和退火温度对ZnO厚膜的气敏性能的影响。结果表明:700℃退火、掺w(Al)为2.9%的样品对体积分数为4.0×10–1的丙酮有很好的选择性,最大灵敏度达到7 779左右,最佳工作温度约为162℃,响应、恢复时间均为1 s,最后讨论了铝掺杂纳米氧化锌的气敏机理。     

磁控溅射法制备Ag掺杂p型ZnO薄膜的研究

采用磁控溅射法在石英玻璃基片上生长ZnO和ZnO:Ag薄膜。借助于SEM、XRD、霍尔测试、透射谱测试等方法,分析了O2气氛下退火温度对薄膜结构和电学性能的影响。霍尔测试结果表明,Ag掺杂ZnO薄膜经过600℃的O2气氛中热处理转变为p型电导。薄膜的XRD测试表明晶粒大小随退火温度升高而增大,所有薄膜样品只出现(002)衍射峰,呈现c轴取向生长。薄膜对可见光的透过率大于83%,其吸收限为378nm。     

RF溅射ZnO薄膜工艺与结构研究

通过RF磁控溅射在Si(100)基片上制备了ZnO薄膜,并研究了磁控溅射中各生长参数,如衬底温度、氧分压及后处理工艺等因素对ZnO薄膜微结构、表面形貌与结晶取向的影响。结果表明:溅射温度和氧分压对薄膜的微结构与择优取向有很大的影响,并对不同的溅射工艺进行了分析比较,从而确定了最佳溅射及后处理条件:RF溅射温度小于300℃,功率为50W,ψ(Ar:O2)为20:5,退火温度550~600℃,并获得了c轴择优取向的ZnO薄膜。     

Effect of annealing atmosphere on the electrical properties of nickel oxide/zinc oxide p–n junction grown by sol–gel technique

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and nickel oxide (NiO) thin films were prepared on glass substrates by a sol–gel method. Spin coating was used to fabricate a p-NiO/n-ZnO junction. The influence of the post annealing atmosphere (air or nitrogen) on the microstructure and surface morphology of NiO and ZnO thin films and the p-NiO/n-ZnO junction are examined. The structural properties are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the surface morphology of the thin films and the p–n junction are investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Optical properties are investigated by UV–visible spectroscopy and the electrical properties, such as I–V photocurrent, are characterized by a voltage source meter instrument. XRD patterns show that the films are polycrystalline with preferred orientation in the (002) direction for the ZnO films and the (200) direction for the NiO films. The AFM results indicate that the morphology of the ZnO and NiO films and the p-NiO/n-ZnO junction are mainly influenced by the annealing atmosphere. All films have a high optical transmittance of about 80% in the visible region and a sharp absorption edge. The optical band gaps of the two materials change with the annealing atmosphere (air or nitrogen). The p-NiO/n-ZnO heterojunction device has an average transmittance of over 80% in the visible region, which lies between the transmittance of the ZnO and NiO films separately. The ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance of the heterojunction treated in different annealing atmospheres are determined by using conventional forward bias I–V characteristics and also Norde׳s and Cheung׳s methods.     

Au点阵模板控制生长ZnO堆垒单晶棒

采用磁控溅射技术在Si(111)衬底上溅射Au薄膜,900℃退火生成Au点阵模板,在Au点阵模板上溅射ZnO薄膜,O2气氛下1 000℃退火制备了ZnO堆垒单晶棒。研究了不同直径Au点阵模板对ZnO单晶棒结构性能的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对样品结构形貌进行了分析。结果表明,生成有序排列的ZnO棒均由诸多六方纤锌矿单晶堆垒而成,较小Au点阵生成单晶棒的直径约为100nm。室温光致发光PL谱表明在376nm出现一个较强近紫外发射,在488nm附近出现一个较宽的深能级绿光发射,说明所制备样品具有良好的发光特性。     

Fabrication of Ag nanoparticle/ZnO thin films using dual-plasma-enhanced metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (DPEMOCVD) system incorporated with photoreduction method and its application

We report a novel method to grow silver nanoparticle/zinc oxide (Ag NP/ZnO) thin films using a dual-plasma-enhanced metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (DPEMOCVD) system incorporated with a photoreduction method. The crystalline quality, optical properties, and electrical characteristics of Ag NP/ZnO thin films depend on the AgNO₃ concentration or Ag content and annealing temperature. Optimal Ag NP/ZnO thin films have been grown with a AgNO₃ concentration of 0.12 M or 2.54 at%- Ag content and 500 °C- rapid thermal annealing (RTA); these films show orientation peaks of hexagonal-wurtzite-structured ZnO (002) and face-center-cubic-crystalline Ag (111), respectively. The transmittance and resistivity for optimal Ag NP/ZnO thin films are 85% and 6.9×10⁻⁴ Ω cm. Some Ag NP/ZnO transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films were applied to InGaN/GaN LEDs as transparent conductive layers. The InGaN/GaN LEDs with optimal Ag NP/ZnO TCO films showed electric and optical performance levels similar to those of devices fabricated with indium tin oxide.     

Thermal stability of sputter-deposited ZnO thin films

This paper describes our investigation on the thermal stability of sputterdeposited, piezoelectric, ZnO thin films, using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements of metal-insulator-semiconductor structures, and electron microprobe. We focus on out-diffusion of Zn from ZnO thin films at a high temperature (450°C) and the composition change of zinc and oxygen after high temperature annealing (up to 700°C), since these factors are related to reliability and integrated circuits-process-compatibility of the ZnO films which are being used increasingly more in microtransducers and acoustic devices. Our experiments with electron microprobe show that ZnO thin films sputter-deposited from a ZnO target in a reactive environment (i.e., with O₂) are thermally stable (up to 700°C). Additionally, the out-diffusion of zinc atoms from the ZnO films at a high temperature (450°C) is verified to be negligible using the XPS and C-V measurement techniques. The usage of a compound ZnO target, reactive environment with O₂ and optimized deposition parameters (including gas ratio and pressure, substrate temperature, target-substrate distance and rf power, etc.) is critical to deposit thermally stable, high quality ZnO films.     

Different properties of aluminum doped zinc oxide nanostructured thin films prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering

Aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanostructured thin films are prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on glass substrate using specifically designed ZnO target containing different amount of Al₂O₃ powder as the Al doping source. The optical properties of the aluminium doped zinc oxide films are investigated. The topography of the deposited films were investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy. Variation of the refractive index by annealing temperature are considered and it is seen that the refractive index increases by increasing the annealing temperature.     

Influence of flexible substrates on inverted organic solar cells using sputtered ZnO as cathode interfacial layer

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has recently shown to be of considerable interest for the development of interfacial buffer layers in inverted organic solar cells (OSCs). High quality ZnO thin films can indeed be prepared on large-area ITO-coated flexible substrates, using low temperature deposition techniques such as sputtering, a compatible technique with roll-to-roll process. However, further studies are still needed for a better understanding of the influence of the flexible substrate properties on the photovoltaic performances of those devices. In this work, ZnO films have been sputtered on ITO-coated flexible (PEN) substrates and annealed at different temperatures. The role of the surface morphology and the crystalline quality of ZnO films has been investigated. In the window of flexible compatible process, we found that moderate annealing temperatures of ZnO (?180 °C) lead to improved structural properties and performances. Interestingly, we achieve optimal performances for an annealing temperature of 160 °C, resulting in power conversion efficiency (PCE) equivalent to the highest performances usually achieved on rigid cells.