基于时序分析和K-L信息距离的柴油机气阀机构故障诊断

柴油机表面振动信号包含着设备运行的大量特征信息,是一种典型的非平稳时变信号,因此信号分析方法是柴油机故障诊断技术的难点。作者通过模拟柴油机气阀机构的气阀漏气和气门间隙异常两种主要故障,采集气缸缸盖表面的振动信号,应用时间序列分析方法建立缸盖振动信号的AR模型,然后利用欧氏距离判别函数进行故障状态识别。结果表明该方法是可行的,诊断效果比较好,同时对往复机械设备的在线实时监测与故障诊断做了有益研究。     

一种基于柴油发动机气缸压力信号的故障分析方法

设计了一种基于气缸压力信号的故障分析方法.利用一种新型的传感器技术（Kistler 9149Q型薄形负载垫圈）,检测气缸压力信号,结合凸轮轴位置信号,计算出柴油机运行时的重要特征参数,如最大爆发压力、指示功和指示功率等,生成P-φ图,以图像形式显示缸内的工作过程,为柴油发动机故障诊断和故障分析处理提供依据.     

稠油热采井下光纤压力传感信号的小波降噪方法

提出了一种对稠油热采井下光纤非本征法布里-珀罗干涉型(EFPI)永久压力传感器采集的压力信号进行小波多分辨率降噪的方法,可有效抑制传感器采集压力信号中的非平稳噪声。提出了一种基于信噪比(SNR)提升的小波分解层数确定方法,无需真实压力信号频率范围的先验知识,可通过扫描信噪比提升随小波分解层数的变化估计最优小波分解层数。在新疆某油田稠油热采井的现场试验结果表明,该方法可提高压力信号信噪比约2.6dB,且降噪后压力信号可显著提高对油田稠油热采井原油日产量的预测准确度。     

小波奇异性检测及其在故障诊断中的应用

振动信号的突变点往往携带了设备运行状态的重要信息，基于小波分析的信号奇异性检测理论可以对信号的局部奇异性给出定量的描述指标，即奇异性指数。藉此理论，本文对较为复杂的往复式空气压缩机气阀振动信号作了分析，探讨了用于故障气阀自动识别的方法，收到了较好的效果。     

基于模拟退火的信号稀疏分解研究

信号稀疏分解广泛应用于图像和信号处理领域,特别是在教据压缩和数据存储、特征提取领域应用广泛.但信号稀疏分解本身是典型的NP困难问题,要成功的进行信号稀疏分解是十分困难的.文中利用模拟退火算法来快速寻找Matching Pursuit(MP)过程每一步的最优原子,提出了一种基于模拟退火的信号稀疏分解算法.仿真结果表明该算法能有效和快速地进行信号稀疏分解.     

基于高阶微分的EMD均值计算方法

为了改善经验模态分解的分离性能,提出一种基于信号高阶微分的分解算法.本文首先讨论了经验模态实现模态分离的必要条件,并证明对输入信号进行偶数阶数值微分可以提高模态分离性能.然后在此基础上提出一种以偶数阶微分的过零点为特征的均值计算方法.最后对仿真信号的分解进行了实验研究.结果表明,本文方法可以改善分离性能,性能提高的程度与理论分析结果符合;与经验模态分解相比,本文方法具有更高的分解精度.     

基于经验模式分解的Wigner-Ville分布交叉项抑制方法

时频分析作为时变非平稳信号分析的有力工具,成为现代信号处理研究的一个热点.这种分析方法提供了时间域与频率域的联合分布信息,为我们清楚地描述了信号随时间变化的关系.Wigner-Ville分布由于其良好时频集聚性,在非平稳信号分析中得到广泛应用,本文针对Wigner-Ville分布中的交叉项问题,提出了基于经验模式分解的Wigner-Ville分布,即对多分量信号运用经验模式分解,将其分解为单分量信号,再对每个单分量信号求Wigner-Ville分布进行线性叠加.提出运用相关系数法对经验模式分解伪分量进行剔除,提高了该方法的精度,并将该方法与Cohen类方法进行比较,阐述了该方法的优点.     

短时高斯包络线性调频基自适应信号分解算法

作为一种参数化时频分析的方法,基于高斯包络线性调频基自适应信号分解的快速算法具有分辨力高、零交叉项和计算量小的优点,在信号时频分析中具有独特的优势和广阔的应用前景.然而该快速算法却存在由于采样点初值选择不当而造成分解失效的缺点,虽然后来的基于优化初值选择的自适应高斯包络线性调频基信号分解对初值选择算法进行了改进,提高了分解性能的稳定性,但仍存在较多的问题没有解决.本文将对这些问题进行研究和改进,并提出短时自适应高斯包络线性调频基信号分解算法.算法通过加短时窗来增强时频中心定位的准确性,通过控制采样基时宽来获取有效的初始方差取值范围,从而提高了分解的自适应性和稳定性.对仿真信号和语音信号的分解结果表明了该算法的有效性.     

泛亚C14发动机配气机构单阀系动力学分析

利用TYCON软件分别分析评价了C14配气机构中凸轮与平面挺柱之间的动力学关系、气阀落座情况、气阀弹簧各有效圈动力特性等。     

基于小波分析的语音信号增强的研究

语音增强目的是从带噪语音中尽可能纯净的原始语音,即消除含噪语音信号中的噪声成份,提高输入信号的信噪比.在实际应用环境中,语音都会不同程度受到噪声的干扰,噪声会影响语音质量,严重的情况下将语音完全淹没到噪声中,无法分辨.本文将读入的语音信号加入正态随机噪声,然后对含噪声的语音信号进行小波分解,估计噪声的方差,然后获取去噪的阈值并对小波分解的高频系数进行阈值量化,得到去噪后的语音信号.仿真证明此方法具有很好的增强效果.     

A continuously variable hydraulic pressure converter based on high-speed on–off valves

A continuously variable hydraulic pressure converter utilizing high-speed on–off valves is studied in this paper. The hydraulic pressure converter is analogous to a switchmode buck converter in power electronics. Substituting the electronic components in the buck converter with their hydraulic counterparts, a hydraulic pressure converter is built. The steady state and fluctuation characteristics of the hydraulic pressure converter are studied in both the theoretical analysis and the simulation. The hydraulic pressure converter was built and tested. Experimental results show that the system output pressure can be continuously adjusted by changing the duty ratio of the PWM signal supplied to the high-speed on–off valve. Although there is fluctuation on the output pressure, the system output pressure has a quasi-linear relationship with the PWM signal duty ratio. Results also show that the output pressure fluctuation is greatly influenced by the PWM signal frequency and the flywheel inertia. The hydraulic pressure converter based on high-speed on–off valves brings a new way to transform system pressure continuously.     

基于ATmega16的电液伺服阀反馈控制器的设计

针对电液伺服阀在实际工程应用中出现输出压力不稳定、输出压力偏高或偏低的问题,设计了基于ATmega16平台的数字式液压伺服阀反馈控制器,采集伺服阀输出压力作为反馈信号构成闭环控制系统,采用经典的增量式数字PID控制算法进行压力调节。实际应用结果表明该数字式电液伺服阀反馈控制系统响应快速、输出稳定、输出压力精度高。     

基于KPCA-LSSVM的单向阀故障诊断研究

针对高压隔膜泵单向阀的故障振动信号特征难以提取及诊断的问题,文中采用KPCA和LSSVM相结合的方法进行故障诊断研究。对单向阀各状态信号运用双稳SR方法和DEMD算法进行信号预处理,并利用K-L散度选择分解后的主分量进行时频域特征参数的提取以构建特征向量集。运用KPCA对向量集进行二次特征提取,并将提取的特征向量输入到LSSVM诊断系统中,以完成单向阀故障诊断及分类。经实验验证,该方法的故障诊断率可达到90%,能够较好的诊断出单向阀故障特征。     

缓冲气体对光声光谱法气体检测的影响

为了研究气压及缓冲气体种类对光声信号及共振频率的影响，采用光声光谱技术，设计了一套基于光声光谱技术原理的痕量气体检测系统。实验中以NH₃标准气作为待测气体，采用向光声池内充入缓冲气体的方法来改变光声池内气压，在气压作为单一变量的条件下得出0.03MPa~0.1MPa气压范围内光声信号及共振频率的变化；采用分别向光声池内充入不同种类缓冲气体的方法，得出不同缓冲气体条件下0.03MPa~0.1MPa气压范围内光声信号及共振频率的变化。结果表明，随着气压的升高，光声信号幅值增大，并且越重的缓冲气体使光声信号增幅越大；气压的升高使得共振频率偏移，共振频率的偏移量与光声池内混合气体分子的摩尔质量成反比。该研究为解决在现场进行气体检测时，气压及背景气体变化的复杂环境对检测结果的影响提供了参考。     

Dynamic behavior of an electrohydraulic valve: Typology of characteristic curves

The majority of off-road vehicles employed in agriculture are equipped with a hydraulic steering. An efficient way of automating the steering mechanism of these vehicles is by controlling the electrohydraulic valve that operates the steering cylinder. Electronically-controlled hydraulic valves often behave nonlinearly and, consequently, they introduce certain complexities in the analysis of the hydraulic system. Therefore, it is necessary to understand their behavior before designing a control system that is able to auto-steer an agricultural machine safely and efficiently. The objective of this work was to characterize the performance of an electrohydraulic valve with the aid of a set of experiments conducted on a hardware-in-the-loop electrohydraulic simulator. The operation of the valve was classified in four types (I, II, III, and IV) according to the valve characteristic curves and the properties of the input signal. The phenomena of deadband, hysteresis, and saturation helped to discriminate between types. The input signal, especially its frequency, was crucial in studying the functioning of the valve. The hardware-in-the-loop simulator was fed with signals that imitated the auto-steering action. The outcomes obtained from this research provide some critically supporting information for designing high performance steering controllers for agricultural vehicles.     

Dynamic model and experimental investigation of a pneumatic proportional pressure valve

A nonlinear dynamic model of a Honeywell Lucifer-type EPP3 J-21-U-100-10 (now Parker P3P-R) pneumatic proportional pressure valve is formulated by modeling the valve's main internal mechatronic devices in order to simulate its dynamic behavior in the time and frequency domains, for several operating conditions and different downstream loads. Mechatronic design and functionality of this valve are carefully analyzed by considering the conditions of its internal devices for each of the three standard working configurations of a three-way proportional valve. The main physical parameters introduced in formulating the dynamic model were identified by means of an experimental investigation. Finally, the experimental and simulated diagrams in the time and frequency domains are compared in order to validate the proposed model, which can be used as a general approach for modeling any pneumatic proportional pressure valve featuring a similar mechatronic design and internal structure.     

Methodology for design of a vibration operated valve for abrasive viscous fluids

In this paper a new ultrasonic operated valve is presented. The ultrasonic valve design was analyzed and the valve was prototyped and tested for flow control of abrasive viscous fluid. This innovative valve concept is based on controlling the friction of material by employing several friction elements along the flow direction. Abrasive particles in the viscous fluid are stopped by the force of friction when coming into contact with the friction elements. Friction is neutralized by use of vibration to break away the abrasive particles from the friction element surfaces. Several factors were considered in designing the piezoelectric valve. Factor identification was done by conducting experiments and analyzing the resulting data. Some important factors that affect the valve design were recognized to be pumping pressure, size of friction blades along the direction of flow, density of material, viscosity, amplitude of vibration, frequency of vibration, and proportion of abrasive particles in the mix. First, a method was designed for measuring the friction coefficient of the given viscous materials. A design of experiment approach was pursued in order to identify the significant parameters. A piezoelectric transducer was used, which vibrated at the resonance frequency of 20 kHz. FEM modeling was used at that stage to ensure that the resonance frequency of the designed valve matched the resonance frequency of the transducer and booster assembly that provided vibration. In order to perform proportional flow control pulse width modulation was used to control the duty cycle of the ultrasonic power transferred to the valve. A study was performed to find the best vibration characteristics.     

相关系数SVD增强随机共振的单向阀故障诊断

针对大型往复式高压隔膜泵关键部件单向阀的磨损击穿故障通常遭受强噪声污染,故障难以检测的问题,从单向阀振动信号分析入手,提出一种相关系数SVD增强随机共振的单向阀故障诊断方法.该方法首先将含有噪声的单向阀振动信号进行奇异值分解（SVD）,然后利用相关系数法筛选出包含故障特征信息最多的分量信号,再将其输入到随机共振系统中进行处理,达到检测强噪声背景下单向阀磨损击穿故障的目的.仿真结果表明,提出方法解决了强噪声背景下故障特征提取困难的问题;实测数据表明,该方法能够有效检测单向阀磨损击穿故障.     

Pole-Zero Modeling and Classification of Phonocardiograms

Phonocardiography, the analysis of heart sounds, is a noninvasive diagnostic method useful in studying heart valve function. Phonocardiograms (PCG's) of porcine prosthetic heart valves in the aortic position were analyzed by a parametric signal modeling method in order to derive frequency domain features suitable for the classification of the valve state.     

基于压电双晶片的气动高速开关阀研究

基于智能材料驱动的高速开关阀具有比电磁高速开关阀更好的动静态特性。针对传统悬臂梁结构压电双晶片输出力较小的缺点，该文研究了一种基于压电双晶片的气动高速开关阀，提出了一种简支梁结构固定方式。借助 COMSOL对压电元件流固耦合问题进行分析，优化了阀的关键结构参数，并对样机进行了实验研究。实验结果表明，阀的工作频宽达到280 Hz，在压差0．3 MPa的条件下，最大流量为30．7 L/min。