多载频MIMO-SAR对消处理抗欺骗干扰

 根据多发多收合成孔径雷达(MIMO-SAR)的特点,提出在重叠等效相位中心(EPC)处采用对消处理抑制欺骗干扰的方法.MIMO-SAR采用收发同置天线配置可形成多组位置相同的等效相位中心;发射多载频线性调频(LFM)信号将使每组位置重叠等效相位中心处的回波相位有所差异.利用此特点,可以在子回波相位补偿后采用对消处理对欺骗干扰进行抑制.文中给出了收发同置MIMO-SAR的系统模型,分析了欺骗干扰下的回波特点,指出在位置重叠等效相位中心处的欺骗干扰信号对间仅存在相位差异,给出了对消处理完成欺骗干扰抑制的信号流程,实验结果证明了本文方法的有效性.     

MIMO-SAR等效相位中心误差分析与补偿

 受等效相位中心误差的影响,多输入多输出合成孔径雷达(MIMO-SAR)方位成像结果存在"假峰"而导致成像质量下降.基于MIMO-SAR回波模型,本文推导了等效相位中心误差的解析表达式,并定量研究其对方位成像质量的影响.分析指出周期性的二阶相位误差是等效相位中心误差的决定因素,补偿该项误差能有效克服"假峰"的影响.理论分析和数值试验验证了本文分析和补偿方法的有效性.     

MIMO-SAR技术发展概况及应用浅析

多发多收合成孔径雷达(MIMO-SAR)是近年来提出并备受关注的一种新型雷达成像模式,通过多天线同时发射、多天线同时接收的工作方式能够获得远多于实际天线数目的等效观测通道,为解决常规SAR面临的方位向高分辨率与宽测绘带指标相互矛盾、弱小慢速运动目标难以检测等难题提供了更为有效的技术途径。该文围绕MIMO-SAR成像技术及其应用展开论述,从距离分辨率增强、3维下视成像、高分辨率宽测绘带成像以及动目标检测等方面综述了MIMO-SAR的研究状况,分析了系统的体制优势和不足,进而归纳了MIMO-SAR研究中的若干关键技术问题,最后对其应用前景进行了展望。     

卫星导航接收天线相位中心的测量

通常天线的相位中心与其几何中心是不一致的。为了确立天线相位中心与几何中心位置的相对偏差,提出了采用室内测量法和室外测量法对天线相位中心进行测量,描述了2种测量方法的测量原理。详细介绍了在测量过程中找出天线相位中心的方法步骤,并指出了2种测量方法的特点。     

宽测绘带MIMO-SAR 运动目标回波特性分析

通过对多输入多输出合成孔径雷达(MIMO-SAR)的虚拟空间采样进行等效观测通道重构,可实现宽测绘带内的多通道合成孔径成像与地面运动目标显示(SAR/GMTI)处理。在建立宽测绘带MIMO-SAR 运动目标观测模型的基础上,分析了该模式下MIMO-SAR 运动目标回波与传统SAR 系统运动目标回波的区别。并利用成对回波原理建立了目标回波的等效微动模型,提出了空间通道重构模式下MIMO-SAR 运动目标的等效微动效应,并讨论了运动目标回波的时频谱线数目。最后,数值仿真验证了文中结论的正确性。     

测量型阵列天线相位中心标定方法研究

为解决阵列天线相位中心标定的工程实现难题，根据视在相位中心的定义和对阵列天线的工作原理分析，提出了阵列天线相位中心的拟合递归测试方法，并在传统相位中心直接标定法的基础上，提出了单个波束的相位中心比对标定法。实验证明该方法降低了测试成本，提高了工作效率。     

平面型紧凑微波光子晶体研究

为了提高微波光子晶体尺寸的紧凑性,根据其带隙结构的局域谐振原理和等效电路分析模型,对传统的UCEBG结构进行了改进,提出了一种新型EBG结构.该结构通过引入弯曲折线延长了电流长度,增大了等效电感效应,同时采用了更长的边缘耦合,延长了等效磁流,增强了等效电容效应.实验结果表明,新结构能够产生频率带隙,其带隙中心频率比传统的UCEBG结构低36.5%,且相对带宽保持不变,达到了实现紧凑UC-EBG结构的目的.     

天线相位方向图分析

干涉仪测速定位系统对天线提出相位精度要求,主要是相位方向图的平坦性和天线对之间相位方向图的一致性。本文分析了影响抛物面天线远场相位特性的各种因素;根据微波天线相位中心讨论的现有成果,选取等效参考相心;利用口径场理论导出相位方向图的计算公式;同时考虑了天线转动中心偏离相位中心随指向变化引起的相移;并与实测的相位方向图进行比较,获得了较为满意的结果。     

天线斜置情况下三通道SAR-GMTI技术研究

该文提出了一种新的基于DPCA(相位中心偏置天线)技术的动目标检测体制,即天线沿载机飞行方向按一定倾斜角度放置。利用等效相位中心原理建立了天线斜置情况下三通道运动目标回波信号模型,给出了天线倾斜角对动目标检测、最小可检测速度和盲速的影响。通过改进的DPCA技术实现运动目标的检测、测速和定位。最后,仿真数据验证了该新体制和改进DPCA技术对运动目标检测的可行性。     

可变相位中心天线阵校准技术

某类型可变相位中心天线的相位中心随频率和入射方位变化,而且受到天线阵架设环境的影响。因此需要在理想计算相位中心的基础上,在现场发射测试信号来修正各种误差引起的相位中心变化。提出一种现场校准方法,设计了校准天线的架设方法,推导出由测向基线相位差计算天线单元相位中心与阵中心距离的方程。仿真表明,天线单元相位中心经过校准后,空间谱测向算法的空间分辨力有明显提高。     

Reduction of the Peak SAR in the Human Head With Metamaterials

The electromagnetic interaction between the antenna and the human head is reduced with metamaterials. Preliminary study of SAR reduction with metamaterials is performed by the finite-difference time-domain method with lossy Drude model. It is found that the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the head can be reduced by placing the metamaterials between the antenna and the head. The antenna performances and radiation pattern with metamaterials are analyzed. A comparative study with other SAR reduction techniques is also provided. The metamaterials can be obtained by arranging split ring resonators (SRRs) periodically. In this research, we design the SRRs operated at 900 and 1800 MHz bands. The design procedure will be described. Numerical results of the SAR values in a muscle cube with the presence of SRRs are shown to validate the effect of SAR reduction. These results can provide helpful information in designing the mobile communication equipments for safety compliance     

DBF相控阵天线在超高分辨率机载SAR中的应用

该文从叠加原理和相控阵天线的扫描原理出发,提出了一种灵活方便的波束生成方法。用此方法由微带贴片天线单元组成了145cm48cm的天线阵,生成了波长为24cm,方位向半功率波束宽度为23的宽波束。由合成孔径原理可知,条带SAR的方位分辨率随波束宽度的变宽而提高。该文将宽波束天线用于超高方位分辨率机载SAR,计算了天线的性能指标和SAR的系统参数。比较了条带SAR和Spotlight SAR这两种常见的SAR模式的分辨率和测绘范围。     

OPTIMIZATION ON ANTENNA PATTERN OF SPACEBORNE SAR WITH IMPROVED NSGA-Ⅱ

Optimization of antenna array pattern used in a spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system is considered in this study. A robust evolutionary algorithm, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms (the improved NSGA-Ⅱ), is applied on a spaceborne SAR antenna pattern design. The system consists of two objective functions with two constraints. Pareto fronts are generated as a result of multi-objective optimization. After being validated by a test problem ZDT4, the algorithms are used to synthesize spacebor...     

星载SAR相控阵天线展开误差的模糊性能分析

根据星载SAR天线的特点建立了天线展开误差模型,定义了展开不平直度指标,基于成对回波理论推导了存在展开误差条件下天线方向图函数的表达式,推出单频天线展开误差分量与方位模糊度之间统计关系,给出了天线展开误差影响方位模糊度指标的上界.大量的计算机仿真验证了本文分析方法的正确性.     

Performance analysis of azimuth electronic beam steering mode spaceborne SAR

Pointing angle and pattern of the antenna can be changed swiftly to actualize the azimuth beam scanning by using electronic beam steering, which makes the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system more flexible and achieve a high resolution or cover a long strip within short time span. When the pointing angle is steered away from boresight, some aberrations may appear on the antenna pattern, e.g., the grating lobe appears, the main lobe gain decrease, and antenna pattern broadens, e.g., the aberrations result in the worsening of system performance, and complicate the corresponding performance analysis method. Conventional computation methods of performance parameters do not account for the rapid change of the antenna pattern. It introduces remarkable errors when the scanning angle is large. In this paper, a method of calculating performance parameters is proposed for the beam steering mode, which achieves the parameters by the energy accumulation in time domain. Actually, the proposed method simulates the working process of SAR and obtains accurate performance parameters. Furthermore, we analyze the effects of the grating lobe on the Azimuth Ambiguity to Signal Ratio (AASR), and present the generic Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) choosing principle which can also prevent the ambiguous area from weighting by the grating lobe. Finally, the effect of the antenna configuration on the performance parameters is analyzed by a system example.     

星载聚束SAR系统顶层参数优化设计

聚束模式是合成孔径雷达(SAR)的一种比较特殊的工作方式,可以获得普通条带模式难以达到的超高分辨率图像。本文以高分辨率星载聚束SAR系统顶层参数设计为主要出发点,结合详细的系统设计与仿真分析过程,分析了聚束模式下大距离徙动、脉冲重复频率(PRF)选取、天线方向图设计等多方面的系统设计影响因素,能够为星载聚束SAR顶层参数设计提供有效参考。     

A statistical model for the error bounds of an active phased arrayantenna for SAR applications

A model for the theoretical error bounds for the radiometric calibration of SAR imagery is described. The model is then applied utilizing the radar system parameters that will be used in the project PHARUS (Phased Array Universal SAR), a Dutch polarimetric airborne C -band universal SAR, which is currently under construction. An error model for the phased array antenna pattern is presented. This model was applied to a 16×8 phased array antenna to determine the influence of errors in the T/R modules and angle variations of the beam direction. For a wide range of variances the model is in good agreement with the exact solution, but with far less computer effort. Other, more complicated, antennas can be analyzed in a straightforward way. The model can be used as a design tool for digital phased array radar     

TerraSAR-X Antenna Calibration and Monitoring Based on a Precise Antenna Model

The high flexibility and tight accuracy requirements of modern spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems require innovative technologies to calibrate and process SAR images. To perform accurate pattern correction during SAR processing, an antenna model can be used to derive the multitude of different antenna beams generated by active antenna steering. The application of such an antenna model could be successfully demonstrated for the TerraSAR-X mission, launched in 2007. The methodology and the results of the in-orbit verification with an achieved accuracy of better than $pm$0.2 dB are reviewed in this paper in detail, showing its outstanding accuracy. Additionally, the results of the antenna pattern long-term monitoring are described, pointing out the high stability of the system.      

直升机载高分辨调频连续波旋转式SAR成像算法研究

本文提出一种新的基于调频连续波（Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave,FMCW）的直升机载旋转式合成孔径雷达（Rotating Synthetic Aperture Radar,ROSAR）成像模型,并给出了相应的成像算法.该方法首先利用等效相位中心原理,将收发分置天线系统的回波信号等效为“自发自收”单基系统.在此基础上,使用高阶逼近原理建立了ROSAR的回波信号模型,结合级数反演的思想推导出其精确的二维频谱表达式,分析了雷达天线连续运动的影响--产生多普勒频移,并给出其补偿方法.最后运用高效的Chirp-Z变换校正了距离单元徙动空变性,得到了聚焦良好的SAR图像.仿真结果验证了分析结论的正确性和算法的有效性.     

星载SAR天线方向图在轨测量技术发展现状与趋势

合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)天线方向图不确定性是影响SAR 辐射精度的主要误差源,天线方向图在轨测量技术是星载SAR 定标的关键技术之一。该文综述了星载SAR 天线方向图在轨测量技术发展历程,分析了技术发展趋势,并对现有的在轨测量技术进行了分析比较,将为星载SAR 天线方向图在轨测试方案的设计提供重要参考。