多周期色散管理系统中交叉相位调制产生的相移研究

以泵浦探测波结构为例，针对多周期色散管理系统，研究了色散作用下交叉相位调制产生的相位移动，推导了多段放大线路中色散作用下交叉相位调制产生的相移表达式，对该表达式进行简化得到了特定线路中色散作用下交叉相位调制所致的相移表达式。研究表明，线路总相移正比于传输线路中的光纤段数，随着调制频率的提高，相移量总体趋势逐渐减小，局部出现极大极小波动，且波动周期随走离参量增大逐渐减小，在高频段色散对交叉相位调制产生的相移产生显著影响，随着调制频率的提高，色散对相移的贡献正负交替变化，解析和仿真结论能较好吻合。     

有损色散非线性光纤中考虑泵浦自相位调制效应下的交叉相位调制传递函数

采用小信号分析方法研究了色散和非线性共同作用下的光信号传输,导出了损耗、色散、自相位调制及交叉相位调制作用下反映交叉相位调制过程的频域传递函数,通过该传递函数给出了在强度调制直接检测系统中确定任意泵浦信号下的探测波时域波形的解析方法,发现泵浦波自相位调制一定程度上增大了频域传递函数,且增大程度随着调制频率、输入信号平均功率及传输距离的提高而逐渐变大,解析结果和数值仿真能较好吻合.     

Cross-phase modulation in fiber links with multiple opticalamplifiers and dispersion compensators

We have theoretically and experimentally investigated the cross-phase modulation (XPM) effect in optical fiber links with multiple optical amplifiers and dispersion compensators. Our theory suggests that the XPM effect can be modeled as a phase modulator with inputs from the intensity of copropagating waves. The frequency response of the phase modulator corresponding to each copropagating wave depends on fiber dispersion, wavelength separation, and fiber length. The total XPM-induced phase shift is the integral of the phase shift contributions from all frequency components of copropagating waves. In nondispersive fibers, XPM is frequency-independent; in dispersive fibers, XPM's frequency response is approximately inversely proportional to the product of frequency, fiber dispersion, and wavelength separation. In an N-segment amplified link, the frequency response of XPM is increased N-fold, but only in very narrow frequency bands. In most other frequency bands, the amount of increase is limited and almost independent of N. However, in an N-segment amplified link with dispersion compensators, the frequency response of XPM is increased N-fold at all frequencies if the dispersion is compensated for within each fiber segment. Thus, the XPM-induced phase shift is smaller in systems employing lumped dispersion compensation than in systems employing distributed dispersion compensation     

基于光纤XPM光学生成UWB信号的方法

提出了一种基于色散位移光纤(DSF)的交叉相位调制(XPM)效应的超宽带(UWB)光学生成方法。该方法首先利用DSF的XPM效应实现高功率的高斯泵浦光对低功率的直流探测光的交叉相位调制,然后利用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)对探测光进行鉴频,实现相位调制到强度调制的转换,从而获得单周期UWB信号。利用光子仿真软件对方案进行了仿真实验,得到了中心频率分别为7GHz和6.95GHz、相对带宽分别为143%和145%的UWB信号,验证了所提方法的可行性。同时,研究了输入信号脉冲宽度、FBG的反射率、鉴频器的类型对产生的单周期UWB脉冲信号波形和频谱的影响。仿真实验的结果表明,该方案对输入信号脉冲宽度不是过宽的情况下具有良好的容忍度,光学高斯带通滤波器、波分复用器和FBG等光滤波器均可作为鉴频器,采用FBG优点是可通过改变反射率灵活地调整产生的UWB脉冲信号的波形。     

光参量啁啾脉冲过饱和放大实现超短脉冲的频谱整形

光参量啁啾脉冲放大(OPCPA)非线性过程是个可逆过程,信号光增大到最大值时抽运光能量已几乎被耗尽,随即进入过饱和放大阶段,能量会由信号光和闲频光重新回到抽运光中.提出了利用这一过程实现啁啾脉冲频谱整形的一种新方法.通过数值模拟说明了这种啁啾脉冲频谱整形方法的原理.计算结果也表明了通过改变抽运光强、调节相位匹配角、改变抽运脉冲波形能实现对脉冲频谱整形结果的有效控制,甚至可以通过选择适当的抽运光和信号光的同步关系,使放大后输出信号光有一定的频移,这一点可以用来抑制钛宝石饱和放大引起的光谱红移.     

交叉相位调制对密集波分复用系统性能的影响

研究了交叉相位调制对密集波分复用系统性能的影响 ,分析了干扰信道为正弦调制时交叉相位调制效应对考察信道相位的影响 ,在此基础上 ,建立任意信号通过具有交叉相位调制效应的信道时的系统模型 ,并将该模型应用于基带不归零码数字信号传输的情形 ,计算了由交叉相位调制引起的系统光功率代价。结果表明 ,交叉相位调制效应对高速率调制系统的性能具有一定的影响 ,应该在系统设计时的功率预算中予以考虑。     

All-Optical 40-GHz Time-Domain Fourier Transformation Using XPM With a Dark Parabolic Pulse

We demonstrate a 40-GHz all-optical time-domain Fourier transformation, in which an ideal parabolic phase modulation is applied to a signal by cross-phase modulation (XPM) with a dark parabolic pulse. The dark optical parabolic pulse is generated by the line-by-line spectral manipulation of a 40-GHz picosecond optical pulse source using an arrayed waveguide grating pulse shaper. By applying the parabolic XPM, the time interval for eliminating linear waveform distortions is expanded to a full bit slot. Dispersion slope-induced distortion is successfully eliminated with this scheme.      

All-optical time-division demultiplexing experiment withsimultaneous output of all constituent channels from 100 Gbit/s OTDMsignal

The successful demonstration of all-optical time-division demultiplexing is reported, wherein all 10 Gbit/s constituent channels are simultaneously demultiplexed with no error from a 10×10 Gbit/s OTDM signal. A multichannel demultiplexer based on cross phase modulation (XPM)-induced frequency shift in an optical fibre, called MOXIC, is used     

Analysis of interchannel crosstalk in a dispersion-managed analog transmission link

A technique for computing the effect of cross-phase modulation (XPM) on two copropagating analog channels in an optical fiber link is presented. In this approach, the interaction between the two channels is linearized by keeping the self-phase modulation (SPM) and XPM interactions in the strong optical carrier components only at lowest order and then at the next order, deriving the effect on the modulation components of both channels when the optical carrier is strong relative to the other components of the channel. In contrast to some previously suggested approaches, it is not assumed that the pump is undistorted, and therefore, this method accurately describes distortions due to SPM, XPM, and dispersion management in both channels. This method is easily applied to systems with multiple spans employing dispersion management with loss and gain. The expressions for the received radio frequency power and crosstalk between the two channels when direct detection is used are then provided. Using this approach, new expressions for the amplitude modulation and phase modulation modes of the two channels are derived, and the way they exchange energy when SPM, XPM, and dispersion are all considered is explained. This method yields excellent agreement between theory and experimental data.     

高非线性光纤中并行交叉相位调制的偏振膜色散监测方法

利用信号光和插入的连续泵浦光之间产生的交叉相位调制（XPM）效应,提出了一种基于并联的XPM效应来监测光相位调制信号的一阶偏振模色散（PMD）的新技术。泵浦光的光谱会随着信号光中PMD和色散（CD）的变化而发生变化,所以导致泵浦光的光功率发生变化,在并联的一个支路中抑制PMD的影响,利用并联的两路同一波段泵浦光功率的差值来进行监测。仿真结果显示,新的技术可以实现对40 Gb/s非归零差分四相移相键控（NRZ-DQPSK）光信号从0~20 ps的监测。在20 ps的监测范围内,新技术的动态范围大于3 dB,可以用来进行准确的监测。对信号速率、色散、泵浦光功率和滤波器带宽对新技术的影响做了详细的研究。     

Characterization and optimization of optical pulse differentiation using spectral interferometry

A simple fiber-based spectral interferometry setup is implemented for characterizing and monitoring the amplitude and phase of ultrafast temporal waveforms generated by optical differentiation with a long-period fiber grating (LPFG). In particular, the system is applied to characterize subpicosecond odd-symmetry Hermite-Gaussian (HG) pulses, consisting of two /spl pi/ phase-shifted temporal lobes, obtained by temporal differentiation of Gaussian-like pulses. This technique is ideally suited for optimizing the experiment conditions (e.g., wavelength shifting between the input pulse and LPFG transmission characteristic) so as to achieve a nearly ideal odd-symmetry HG temporal waveform (with a sharp discrete /spl pi/ phase shift at its center), of potential interest as a higher order soliton in dispersion-managed optical communication systems.     

Intensity effects on the stimulated four photon spectra generated by picosecond pulses in optical fibers

The intensity dependence of stimulated four photon mixing (SFPM) spectra generated in 15 m of a 4-mode optical fiber by 25- ps pulses has been investigated. Despite the shortness of pulses, the SFPM conversion was highly efficient due to the intrinsic phase matching condition. In addition to usual features of SFPM spectra generated by nanosecond pump pulses, picosecond SFPM spectra were broadened by self phase modulation (SPM) and cross phase modulation (XPM). At the highest pump powers, intensity saturated frequency continua, arising from the combined effects of SFPM, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), SPM, and XPM were generated all over the visible spectrum.     

基于SOA的交叉相位调制生成UWB信号的研究

超宽带信号(UWB)的光学生成技术是光载超宽带通信系统(UWB-over-fiber)的关键技术,半导体光放大器(SOA)的非线性特征在全光信号处理中有着广泛的应用。提出基于SOA的交叉相位调制(XPM)效应的UWB的光学生成方法。该方法首先利用SOA的XPM实现高功率的高斯泵浦光和低功率的直流探测光的XPM,然后利用光学滤波器对探测光进行鉴频,实现相位调制到强度调制的转换,从而获得单周期UWB信号。提出了采用光带通滤波器和波分复用器对探测光进行鉴频的两种方法,获得中心频率分别为5.15GHz和5.05GHz,相对带宽分别为150%和149%的UWB信号,符合FCC标准。     

NOLM中反向交叉相位调制作用分析

提出了反向交叉相位调制(XPM)耦合方程,得出了非线性光学环路镜(NOLM)中正、反向信号脉冲在传输过程中共同作用的非线性相移,研究了高斯脉冲情况下NOLM的开关特性,NOLM作为解复用器时反向XPM的影响,及作为光路由选择单元时无放大联接的级数.最后讨论NRZ码情况下的开关特性.     

基于基频混频的相位生成载波调制解调方法研究

提出了干涉型光纤传感器的相位生成载波(PGC)解调的一种改进方法。在传感信号的幅度较小的情况下,该解调方法只由基频信号对输入信号混频,就可以得到与原始传感信号波形成正比的信号,从而提高整个解调过程的效率。仿真分析及实验结果都验证了改进算法的可行性。在基于马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)以及外调制方式的信号检测实验中,采用该解调方法所得信号和原信号相关系数达0.99以上。     

基于SOA的XPM波长转换器的噪声特性分析

研究了交叉相位调制(XPM)型波长转换器的噪声特性,讨论了如何选择XPM型波长转换器的注入电流等参量使系统处于最佳工作状态.结果表明:改变注入电流可使波长转换器周期性处于正相和反相工作状态,最佳的正反相工作点则位于使两臂半导体光放大器(SOA)的增益相等的注入电流附近.对于输入信号光和直流光功率,存在一个最佳功率值,使得波长转换的Q值最高.     

采用萨尼亚克环的外腔半导体激光器无调制稳频技术

提出了一种基于相位差偏置萨尼亚克环的新型外腔半导体激光（ECDL）无调制稳频方法,采用偏振分束器（PBS）作为萨尼亚克环的输入及输出端,并利用1/4波片在环内沿相反方向传播的偏振方向互相垂直的两束光之间引入/2的相位差（）,萨尼亚克环的输出光经过起偏器可以分解得到由Rb的饱和吸收峰引起的色散相移,通过这种方法可以得到适合稳频的误差信号。相比现有的利用全内反射引入相位差（sin=0.64）的方法,色散信号放大系数sin的值可达到理论最大值,有效地提高了误差信号的强度,这种方法简单、稳健,且在原子物理实验等方面具有潜在应用。     

Theoretical Study on Wavelength Conversion Based on Cross Phase Modulation Using Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

Performances of wavelength converted signal by cross phase modulation (XPM) using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA's) were studied by the use of the multi-section model. Results show that they are related to both the phase arm bias current of the XPM wavelength converter and its operation. When the conversion is under the in-phase operation, the peak extinction ratio (ER) and the chirp frequency of the converted signal increase according to the decrease of the phase arm bias current, but the input signal power dynamic range decreases. When the converter is under the out-of-phase operation, the chirp frequency decreases with the decrease of the phase arm bias current, while the peak ER and the input power dynamic range keep almost the same when the phase arm bias current changes.     

Nearly Shot-Noise-Limited Performance of Dual-Channel Linear Optical Sampling for Ultrafast DPSK Signals

This paper describes a newly developed dual-channel linear optical sampling technique for observing ultrafast optical differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signals. As the proposed measurement scheme offsets two parallel interferometers by a relative delay corresponding to 1-symbol length of the DPSK signal, the measured phase distribution reflects the signal quality which is determined by the phase difference between adjacent symbols. This technique, based on interferometric optical gating by local short-pulses, also offers ultrafast measurement at symbol rates of greater than 100 Gsymbol/s. Moreover, its detection sensitivity can reach the shot noise limit. The waveform degradation caused by the coherence of the light source and the pattern effect of the phase modulator is successfully observed in continuous waves and 10-Gsymbol/s nonreturn-to-zero DPSK signals, and the constellation measurement is demonstrated for a 160-Gsymbol/s return-to-zero DPSK signal. Measurement system noise is also discussed for characterizing the detection sensitivity, and the nearly shot-noise-limited performance is experimentally verified.      

Cross-phase modulation in dispersive fibers: theoretical andexperimental investigation of the impact of modulation frequency

We investigated, theoretically and experimentally, the impact of modulation frequency on cross-phase modulation (XPM) in dispersive fibers. A simple expression for the XPM index has been derived and verified by experiment. The XPM index is found to depend on fiber length, fiber chromatic dispersion, wavelength separation between the signal and the pump, and the intensity modulation frequency. At high modulation frequencies, the XPM index is inversely proportional to the product of the modulation frequency and wavelength separation