掺铒硫系玻璃光纤的中红外增益特性模拟研究

实验制备了Er3+掺杂质量分数为1%的Ga5Ge20Sb10S65硫系玻璃,测试了其折射率、吸收光谱和荧光光谱,利用Judd-Ofelt和Futchbauer-Ladenburg理论计算了Er3+离子的自发辐射几率、吸收截面和受激发射截面等光谱参数。在综合考虑Er3+离子的交叉弛豫、能量上转换和激发态吸收效应的基础上,应用四能级粒子数速率-光功率传输方程模型,模拟计算了Er3+掺杂Ga5Ge20Sb10S65硫系玻璃光纤的中红外2.74μm波段的增益特性。结果显示,Er3+掺杂硫系玻璃光纤在2.74μm中红外波段具有较高的信号增益和较宽的增益谱,最大增益值和20dB增益带宽分别超过了40dB和200nm,表明其是可用于中红外2.74μm波段宽带放大的理想增益介质。     

Tm3+掺杂硫卤玻璃光纤的中红外增益特性研究

采用高温熔融淬冷法制备了1% Tm³⁺掺杂的 72GeS₂-18Ga₂S₃-10CsI(GGSI)硫卤 玻璃,测试了样品的折射率、吸收 光谱和800nm激光泵浦下的中红外荧光光谱,利用Judd-Ofelt和Fut chbauer-Ladenburg(FL)理论分析计算了Tm³⁺在GGSI玻 璃中的自发辐射几率、荧光分支比、辐射寿命、吸收截面、发射截面等光谱参数,进而建立 了Tm³⁺的四能级粒子 数速率-光功率传输方程模型,模拟计算Tm³⁺掺杂GGSI玻璃光纤中红外3. 73μm波段的增益与掺杂光纤长度、泵浦功 率和信号功率的关系。模拟结果显示,硫卤玻璃基掺铥光纤具有较高的信号增益和较宽的中 红外增益谱,泵浦功率为1000mW 时,最大小信号增益值达到30dB,20dB增益带宽达到180nm,同时也存在合适的泵浦功率 和光纤掺杂长度以期获得最佳信号增益。表明Tm³⁺掺GGSI硫卤玻璃光纤可作为中红外 3.73μm波段放大的理想增益介质。     

硫系玻璃基掺铒微结构光纤4.5μm波段中红外信号放大特性

为进一步揭示硫系玻璃基掺Er3+微结构光纤作为中红外光纤放大器增益介质的可行性,数值求解了800 nm泵浦波长下Ga5Ge20Sb10S65硫系玻璃基掺Er3+微结构光纤中Er3+离子数速率方程和光功率传输方程组,理论研究了4.5μm波段中红外信号的放大特性。结果显示,Ga5Ge20Sb10S65硫系玻璃基掺Er3+微结构光纤具有较高的信号增益和很宽的增益谱。在50 cm光纤长度上,最大信号增益超过了40 dB,高于30 dB信号增益的放大带宽达到了280 nm(4 420~4 700 nm)。同时,进一步研究分析了4 500 nm波长信号增益与光纤长度、信号输入功率和泵浦功率的关系。研究表明,Ga5Ge20Sb10S65硫系玻璃基掺Er3+微结构光纤是一种理想的可应用于4.5μm波段中红外宽带放大器的增益介质。     

Er3+/Ce3+共掺铋锗酸盐玻璃及其光纤的制备和光谱性质

用高温熔融法制备了Er3+/Ce3+共掺铋锗酸盐(Bi2O3-GeO2-Ga2O3-Na2O)玻璃,研究分析了该玻璃中Er3+离子1.5μm波段荧光和上转换发光,Ce3+离子共掺引入的Er3+:4I11/2→Ce3+:2F5/2间能量传递能有效地抑制上转换发光并增强1.5μm波段荧光发射.同时,利用该组分玻璃拉制了包层直径为125 μm的铋锗酸盐玻璃掺Er3+光纤,1310 nm波长处光纤传输损耗为3.4 dB/m.通过对975 nm波长激励下光纤的放大自发辐射(ASE)测试表明,铋锗酸盐玻璃掺Er3+光纤可在1450～1650 nm波长范围获得宽带ASE光谱,因此是一种适用于宽带光纤放大器的增益介质.     

L波段EDFA的优化设计和实验验证

基于Giles模型,对L波段掺Er光纤放大器(EDFA)的特性进行了数值模拟,分析了采用高掺杂Er纤放大器输出性能的改善。根据数值分析的结果进行了优化设计,使用9m长的高掺杂Er光纤进行了实验研究。实验结果表明．在泵浦功率为100mw时,小信号增益在10dB以上,噪声指数小于6dB。     

Er3+/Yb3+共掺磷酸盐玻璃光纤放大器的增益综述

主要从磷酸盐玻璃光纤的离子掺杂浓度、量子转换效率、信号波长与功率、抽运波长与功率以及光纤长度等方面概述了Er3+/Yb3+共掺磷酸盐玻璃光纤放大器的增益.并简要介绍了国外在该方面的研究进展.     

一种宽带放大器用掺铒碲酸盐玻璃光纤的增益特性

研制了一种新型掺铒碲酸盐玻璃TeO2-ZnO-Na2O-Bi2O3,利用Judd-Ofelt和McCumber理论计算了Er3 离子的强度参数、自发辐射几率、吸收截面和发射截面等光谱参数.应用四能级粒子数速率-光功率传输方程模型,研究了以该掺铒碲酸盐玻璃光纤作为增益介质时光纤放大器的增益特性,模型综合考虑了Er3 离子的能量上转移、交叉驰豫、激发态吸收和放大自发辐射噪声.模拟结果显示,研制的碲酸盐玻璃光纤具有高的信号增益和宽的增益谱特性,在200 mW泵浦功率和多波长信号(-30 dBm× 56 channels)同时输入情形下,最大信号增益和20 dB增益带宽分别超过了40 dB和80 nm,增益谱覆盖了C L波段区域,预示这是一种较为理想的可用于宽带放大的增益介质.同时得出,碲酸盐玻璃光纤结构参数的选择对其增益特性具有重要影响.     

Dy~(3+)掺杂Ga-Sb-S玻璃的3～5μm发光研究

制备了一系列Dy3+掺杂新型Ga-Sb-S硫系玻璃,研究了玻璃的热稳定性(玻璃态稳定性)、光学性能、结构和中红外发光性能,通过组分微调改善了玻璃的抗析晶性能,拉制了高光学质量的光纤。结果表明,Dy3+掺杂Ga-Sb-S玻璃具有良好的热稳定性、优异的红外透光性和较低的声子能量,在2.95、3.59、4.17、4.40μm附近表现出较强的发光;少量As替代Sb可显著减弱光纤拉制过程中玻璃的析晶倾向,同时未对玻璃的发光产生显著影响。光谱分析结果显示,Dy3+在Ga-Sb-S玻璃中的2.95μm和4.17μm荧光量子效率分别为88.1%和75.9%,对应的受激发射截面分别为1.1×10-20cm2和0.38×10-20cm2。较高的量子效率和较大的受激发射截面使得Dy3+掺杂Ga-Sb-S玻璃成为极具潜力的中红外激光增益材料。     

超宽带Er,Tm共掺石英光纤放大器稳态研究

分析了波长为980nm激光抽运下的Er3+,Tm3+共掺石英光纤放大器的工作原理,并根据此工作原理,建立了Er3+与Tm3+之间能量转移过程的数学模型。基于速率方程和功率传输方程,数值模拟了此种光纤放大器稳态工作特性,给出了不同光纤长度、不同输入抽运功率以及不同掺Tm3+浓度下多路光信号放大时输出信号功率谱的变化规律。仿真结果表明,当输入抽运功率为400mW时,Er,Tm共掺石英光纤放大器的3dB带宽可达90nm(比传统掺Er3+光纤放大器的增益带宽大两倍以上),平均增益可达10dB,可用于未来密集复用系统(DWDM)中的宽带放大器件。     

Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂芯-包异质型磷酸盐玻璃光纤

通过高温熔融法制备了Er3+/Yb3+共掺磷酸盐纤芯玻璃,设计并熔制了组分相异的纤包玻璃,采用棒管法拉制Er3+/Yb3+共掺芯-包异质型磷酸盐玻璃光纤,并对光纤开展增益测试。在980 nm波长的激光激发下,当激发功率为457.1 mW时,在1535.7 nm波长处获得32.3 dB的相对增益和15.0 dB的内增益,光纤的内增益系数达2.6 dB/cm。     

Enhancement of fluorescence emission and signal gain at 1.53 µm in Er3+/Ce3+ co-doped tellurite glass fiber

Er3+/Ce3+ co-doped tellurite glasses with composition of TeO2-GeO2-Li2O-Nb2O5 were prepared using conventional melt-quenching technique for potential applications in Er3+-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). The absorption spectra, up-conversion spectra and 1.53 µm band fluorescence spectra of glass samples were measured. It is shown that the 1.53 µm band fluorescence emission intensity of Er3+-doped tellurite glass fiber is improved obviously with the introduction of an appropriate amount of Ce3+, which is attributed to the energy transfer (ET) from Er3+ to Ce3+. Meanwhile, the 1.53 µm band optical signal amplification is simulated based on the rate and power propagation equations, and an increment in signal gain of about 2.4 dB at 1 532 nm in the Er3+/Ce3+ co-doped tellurite glass fiber is found. The maximum signal gain reaches 29.3 dB on a 50 cm-long fiber pumped at 980 nm with power of 100 mW. The results indicate that the prepared Er3+/Ce3+ co-doped tellurite glass is a good gain medium applied for 1.53 µm broadband and high-gain EDFA.     

Performance of Er3+-doped chalcogenide glass MOF amplifier applied for 1.53 μm band

A model of Er3＋-doped chalcogenide glass （GasGe20Sb10S65） microstructured optical fiber （MOF） amplifier under the excitation of 980 nm is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of it applied for 1.53 μm band optical communications. By solving the Er3＋ population rate equations and light power propagation equations, the amplifying performance of 1.53 μm band signals for Er3＋-doped chalcogenide glass MOF amplifier is investigated theoretically. The results show that the Er6＋-doped chalcogenide glass MOF exhibits a high signal gain and broad gain spectrum, and its maximum gain for small-signal input （-40 dBm） exceeds 22 dB on the 300 cm MOF under the excitation of 200 mW pump power Moreover, the relations of 1.53 μm signal gain with fiber length, input signal power and pump power are analyzed. The results indicate that the Er3＋-doped Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 MOF is a promising gain medium which can be applied to broadband amplifiers operating in the third communication window.     

Fluoride-based erbium-doped fiber amplifier with inherently flat gain spectrum

We successfully developed a fluoride-based Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier (F-EDFA). An average signal gain of 26 dB was achieved for 8 channel wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signals in the 1532-1560 nm wavelength region with a gain excursion of less than 1.5 dB at an input signal power of -20 dBm per channel. Furthermore, we studied the amplification characteristics of the F-EDFA for WDM signals. The following experimental results were obtained. (1) For an 8-channel WDM signal in the 1532 to 1560 nm wavelength region, the gain excursion between channels can be suppressed to within 1.5 dB. However, the wavelength region allowing a gain excursion of 1.5 dB, is between 1536-1560 nm for the silica-based Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier. (2) F-EDFAs have a flat gain region between 1534-1542 nm. The gain excursion of this region is less than 0.2 dB for WDM signals.     

硫系玻璃光子晶体光纤研究进展

硫系玻璃与石英玻璃相比具有折射率高(2.0～3.5)、声子能量低(小于350 cm-1)、优良的中远红外透过性能、较宽的组分可调等特性.近年来,硫系玻璃光子晶体光纤作为一种新型中红外光子晶体光纤备受关注.回顾了硫系玻璃光子晶体光纤研究历程,从玻璃组成选择、光纤制备与损耗的降低、传输特性和结构设计、色散特性及应用等方面总...     

Linearly polarized polarization-maintaining Er3+-doped fluoride fiber laser in the mid-infrared

We demonstrated the ~2.8-μm and ~3.5-μm linearly polarized continuous wave (CW) laser outputs from a polarization-maintaining (PM) Er3+-doped fluoride fiber laser. By introducing a film polarizer into the cavity to select the laser polarization orientation, the ~2.8-μm linearly polarized CW laser with a high polarization extinction ratio (PER) of ~23 dB and maximum output power of 2.37 W was achieved under double-end pumping at 976 nm. By adding another 1981-nm pump source simultaneously, the ~3.5-μm linearly polarized CW laser was also obtained, giving higher PER of ~27 dB and maximum output power of 307 mW which is only limited by the available power of 1981-nm pump. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a mid-infrared linearly polarized CW PM fiber laser in the >2.5-μm mid-infrared region. This work not only opens up opportunities for some new mid-infrared applications, but also provides a promising platform for developing high-stability and versatile mid-infrared laser sources.     

A low-noise and gain-flattened amplifier composed of a silica-based and a fluoride-based Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier in a cascade configuration

We propose a novel low noise and gain-flattened Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with a cascade configuration for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signals. In this configuration, a 1480-nm pumped fluoride-based EDFA is joined to a 980-nm pumped silica-based EDFA through an optical isolator. By adjusting the silica-based Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber length in the silica-based EDFA, we realized an excellent flat gain EDFA with a gain excursion of less than 0.9 dB and noise figure of 5.7/spl plusmn/0.2 dB, and a low noise EDFA with a noise figure of 5/spl plusmn/0.2 dB and a gain excursion of less than 1.4 dB, for 8 channel WDM signal in the 1532-1560-nm wavelength region.     

Gain-flattened Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier for a WDM signal in the 1.57-1.60-/spl mu/m wavelength region

A gain-flattened Er/sup 3+/-doped silica-based fiber amplifier (EDFA) has been constructed for a 1.58-/spl mu/m band WDM signal. This EDFA exhibits uniform amplification characteristics with a gain excursion of 0.9 dB for a four-channel WDM signal in the 1.57-1.60 /spl mu/m wavelength region. The average signal gain and the noise figure for the WDM signal are 29.5 dB and less than 6.3 dB, respectively. The use of this EDFA in parallel with a 1.55-/spl mu/m band EDFA will expand the WDM transmission wavelength region.     

Effect of Ce2O3 on the 1.53 μm spectroscopic properties in Er3+-doped tellurite glasses

The crown-like zinc oxide(Zn O)samples,which are composed of a hexagonal cap and a tower-like shaft,are prepared by vapor transport method.The hexagonal cap,working as a whispering gallery mode(WGM)resonant cavity,demonstrates density-dependent ultraviolet(UV)lasing emission with a broadened and squared photoluminescence(PL)profile under UV excitation at 355 nm.Theoretical analyses based on Fermi golden rule show that the broadened spectrum profile results from the special optical mode density characteristics in a WGM micro-cavity,which is in agreement with the observed results.