LiNbO_3:Fe晶体中光感应四波混频光散射

本文报道用一束异常氩激光倾斜照射LiNbO_3:Fe晶体薄片时出现的两种新的光感应光散射现象,讨论了它们的产生机理。     

光折晶体Fe:LiNbO_3中的光致散射效应

本文给出了光折晶体中光致散射理论,并用Fe:LiNbO_3晶体以氩离子激光为光源研究了光致散射效应,得到了透射光强度随照射时间变化的动态曲线及与理论一致的散射光强随散射角变化的实验曲线.实验中还观察到表面复合效应,提供了简便地消除此效应的方法.     

新型光折变晶体Ce:BSO中的各向异性光散射

各向异性光散射现象已在几种光折变晶体中观察到,如BaTiO_3,Fe:LiNbO_3,Cu:LiTaO_3。这几种晶体共同特点是均具有较高的光折变灵敏度,因而晶体中缺陷引起的杂散光与入射光相互作用时能够得到放大,产生各向异性光散射。普通BSO(Bi_(12)SiO_(20))晶体光折变灵敏度较低,未发现各向异性散射现象。我们在首次生长的新型光折变晶体Ce:BSO中观察到一种新的很强的各向异性光散射,并利用BSO晶体的光折变理论给予较圆满的解释。     

受激布里渊散射光束空间光强分布

将调Q的Nd:YAG激光脉冲聚焦到FC-72介质池中,利用电荷耦合器件(CCD)和数字图像处理技术,实验研究了后向受激布里渊散射(SBS)光斑的光强分布,获得了其光强分布及光斑大小随入射能量的变化规律。结果表明,在入射光束为基模高斯光束的条件下,随着入射光能量增大,受激布里渊散射光斑的空间光强分布由近高斯型变为高斯型。并且受激布里渊散射光斑大小总体上是随着入射光能量的增大而逐渐减小的。当入射能量在受激布里渊散射阈值附近时,受激布里渊散射光斑大小达到最大(大于入射光斑);当入射能量为3倍阈值以上时,受激布里渊散射光斑大小达到最小(小于入射光斑)。     

硅片表面球形粒子散射及微分散射截面的研究

为了研究硅片表面球形粒子的光散射情况,根据Mie氏理论,采用相差模型,得到了球形粒子在任意线偏振光照射下的散射光光强空间分布的计算方法,给出了球形粒子在s偏振和p偏振光分别以0°和70°角照射下散射光微分散射截面的模拟计算结果,并与相关的实验结果进行了比较,对硅片缺陷自动检测仪的研制具有指导意义。     

光折变晶体全息存储中散射噪声特性的研究

采用信噪比损失系数 (LSNR)深入研究了光折变铌酸锂晶体中散射噪声对全息输入图像像质的影响。对不同掺杂物质、不同掺杂浓度、不同处理方法以及不同记录方式的大量晶体进行了实验研究 ,并重点考察了物光束引起的散射噪声的特性。实验结果表明 ,氧化态晶体的散射噪声的影响小于生长态和还原态晶体 ,反射光路较之透射光路和邻面入射 ( 90°)光路更不易受散射噪音影响     

K9玻璃与熔石英玻璃中纵向受激布里渊散射的脉宽压缩和能量提取效率

以K9玻璃与熔石英玻璃代替传统的液体或气体作为纵向受激布里渊散射(LSBS)样品,波长1.064μm,脉宽12 ns的单纵模电光调QNd∶YAG激光器作抽运光,实验上以脉宽压缩和后向斯托克斯(Stokes)散射光频移为标志,测到后向斯托克斯散射光线宽和散射光脉宽压缩比。研究了纵向受激布里渊散射样品的长度、抽运光能量大小、材料种类对纵向受激布里渊散射脉宽压缩效应和散射光能量提取效率的影响。实验结果表明,熔石英与K9玻璃的受激布里渊散射发生阈值、饱和阈值、散射光能量提取效率、散射光脉冲波形均相近,K9玻璃可以成为一种更廉价的受激布里渊散射介质。针对170 mm的熔石英玻璃样品,找到了纵向受激布里渊散射的发生阈值、饱和阈值,并得到了较高的散射光能量提取效率,从100 mm的熔石英玻璃中获得了87%的散射光能量提取效率,而从170 mm的熔石英中获得了90%左右的散射光能量提取效率。实验数据拟合的规律曲线印证了数值模拟结果。     

1.8～2.5微米可调谐LiNbO_3光参量振荡器

报导一种用重复频率1次/秒,双45°LN电光调Q,Nd:YAG一级振荡二级放大,输出e偏振1.064微米激光做泵浦源,实现双谐振温度调谐的LiNbO_3光参量振荡器。泵浦激光脉宽30毫微秒,输出能量在120毫焦耳左右。用掺1％MgO:LiNbO_3做参量晶体,以相位匹配角Q=49°切割。参量振荡腔采用平面腔结构,宽带腔片在1.8～2.5微米范围内高反,1.064微米T≥90％。整个参量腔放入200℃左右可调的恒温槽中,恒温精度±0.2℃。参量振荡输出波长由一     

同步加速器辐射产生飞秒辐射脉冲

劳伦斯·伯克利国家实验室的研究人员已产生持续不足 30 0 fs的频闪式同步加速器闪光。这些亚皮秒脉冲的光谱范围从红外延伸至 X射线波长。在伯克利实验室的高级光源 ( ALS) ,研究者可直接从同步辐射加速器储存环的电子束中提取飞秒脉冲辐射。从 AL S直线加速器中产生 ( 50 Me V)的相对论电子脉冲与红外激光产生的 10 0 fs脉冲交叉成 90°角。在这种布局中 ,部分红外光子与电子相互作用并被散射。散射光子具有 X射线的能量 ,沿与电子束相同的方向传播 ;离散射脉冲中心最近的光子具有最高的能量。散射脉冲的弛豫时间由红外脉冲通过电子束…     

LiNbO_3：Fe中的两种光折变机制

ＬｉＮｂＯ_３：Ｆｅ中的两种光折变机制郭儒，凌振芳，刘思敏，张光寅（南开大学物理系，天律３０００７１）实验指出，将一束会聚的激光照射在掺铁的铌酸锂（０．０８ｗｔ％Ｃ切割的晶体表面时，有两种不同的光感应光散射现象。当人射光滑方向入射时，只形成一般的背向?..     

Unifying probabilistic and variational estimation

A maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator using a Markov or a maximum entropy random field model for a prior distribution may be viewed as a minimizer of a variational problem.Using notions from robust statistics, a variational filter referred to as a Huber gradient descent flow is proposed. It is a result of optimizing a Huber functional subject to some noise constraints and takes a hybrid form of a total variation diffusion for large gradient magnitudes and of a linear diffusion for small gradient magnitudes. Using the gained insight, and as a further extension, we propose an information-theoretic gradient descent flow which is a result of minimizing a functional that is a hybrid between a negentropy variational integral and a total variation. Illustrating examples demonstrate a much improved performance of the approach in the presence of Gaussian and heavy tailed noise. In this article, we present a variational approach to MAP estimation with a more qualitative and tutorial emphasis. The key idea behind this approach is to use geometric insight in helping construct regularizing functionals and avoiding a subjective choice of a prior in MAP estimation. Using tools from robust statistics and information theory, we show that we can extend this strategy and develop two gradient descent flows for image denoising with a demonstrated performance.     

Filter-embedded design and its applications to passive components

A design in which a filter is embedded in a fiber fixed on a substrate is proposed. It was successfully applied to the fabrication of low loss fiber optic components for a single-mode fiber transmission system. These components have a wide operational temperature range. The design is easily adapted to a multifilter or multifiber component. Filter embedding is achieved in two ways. One is to insert a thin filter chip in a slit which is machined into a fiber fixed on a substrate by a dicing saw (filter inserted type). The other is to evaporate a filter film directly on a fiber end face and butt this fiber to another fiber on a guide groove on a substrate (filter evaporated type)     

A Note on Loaded Line Synthesis (Correspondence)

The purpose of this note is to present an alternate derivation of a formula for the synthesis of a loaded line. The problem is to determine the values of the normalized susceptances a and c mounted an exact quarter-wavelength apart along a uniform line. These are arranged in the order a, c, c,. . .c, a to achieve a loaded line with a given phase shift and perfect match. In order to analyze a particular line design for standing-wave ratio and phase shift over a band of frequencies on a digital computer, it is worthwhile to know the values of the susceptances to many more decimal places than one would achieve from a simple graph.     

Selfishness in mesh networks: wired multihop MANETs

A wireless mesh network is a wired extension of a multihop ad hoc network that defines a new paradigm for broadband wireless Internet access. A packet originating from a mesh client is relayed collaboratively in a multihop fashion by the intermediate mesh routers toward an Internet gateway. All existing mesh routing protocols assume that each MR honestly participates in packet forwarding. This is valid only in a network managed by a single trusted authority. However, a community-based WMN can be formed by a group of independent MRs operated by different service providers. It is a real challenge to establish a priori trust in a multi-operator WMN. In such a situation, a selfish MR might be motivated to monopolize the wireless channel for itself by intentionally dropping others? packets. This results in severe performance degradation. Thus, enforcing collaboration is a determinant aspect in designing a secure and reliable WMN. In this article we analyze selfishness of MRs in a multi-operator WMN and explore its overall negative impact on network performance. We finally present a summary of various existing schemes with respect to detecting selfishness, analyze their usefulness in WMNs, and highlight their relative advantages and deficiencies.     

A note on the iterative application of Bayes' rule

Alterations in probability densities produced by iterative application of Bayes' rule are analyzed. Computational requirements for finding a sequence of a posteriori densities remain reasonable despite a growing sample size if and only if a sufficient statistic expressible as a vector of fixed dimension exists. The existence of such a sufficient statistic also insures existence of reproducing a priori probability densities (a priori probability densities insuring that the a posteriori densities are in the same family). The theory is applied to find a class of sequential Bayes estimators for a Gaussian covariance matrix, and to treat a variety of adaptive "Bayesian learning" schemes in a unified manner.     

Two-port active coupled microstrip antenna

A multilayer structure, based on a patch antenna coupled through a nonresonant slot to a pair of feeding microstrips is a versatile module which can be used as a radiating and resonating element in a number of different configurations. Direct connection to a low cost transistor in a feedback loop results in a very simple active antenna, as reported. Different termination conditions at the four microstrip ports give rise to a number of alternative configurations for active generation/detection and multipatch arrays.<>     

单片机控制的PTCR热敏电阻器阻-温特性测试系统

介绍一种用ＭＣＳ－５１单片机控制的ＰＴＣＲ热敏电阻器阻－温特性测试系统，其中分压取样电阻器采用模拟开关进行切换。测试系统由样品室、模拟开关、Ｒ－Ｖ变换器、信号放大器、Ａ／Ｄ转换器、Ｄ／Ａ转换器、记录仪、单片机和打印机等部分组成，样品室内设有加热电炉和热电偶等部件。     

High-speed sensory-motor fusion based on dynamics matching

This paper discusses a design concept of a sensory-motor fusion system to achieve high performance in a dynamic changing environment. From the viewpoint of a dynamic system, the new concept called "dynamics matching" is proposed to match the dynamics constraints of a system. Based on this concept, we describe a high-speed vision chip that has a general purpose parallel processing array along with a photodetector all in a single silicon chip. Next we describe a new sensory-motor fusion system which consists of a hierarchical parallel processing system, a vision chip system, and a multifingered hand-arm. All sensory feedback, including visual feedback, can be achieved in 1 ms. In addition, as an application of the system, we demonstrate high-speed grasping using visual and force feedback.     

Computer-aided design of a Si avalanche photodiode

A computer-aided design of a Si avalanche photodiode is presented. As an example, the design of the boron diffused photodiode with a desired time constant is carried out. The choice of an area of an active region is not affected by a diffusion condition but primarily by a substrate impurity concentration. For a very high speed response a moderate substrate impurity concentration must be selected. For a longer time constant than about 0.1 ns an increasing area of an active region is acceptable with a decreasing substrate impurity concentration. In a lightly doped substrate, a uniform multiplication of an active region cannot occur. Using the usual diffusion technique the acceptable highest resistivity of a substrate is about 1-2 Ω.cm. The capacitance of the guard ring occupies a considerable part in a total capacitance. Calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results.     

Virtual impedance control for a regional dynamic voltage restorer

A dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) can be installed in a middle-voltage (MV) power grid, to concurrently protect a cluster of sensitive loads from voltage sags. To further improve its efficiency and reduce the difficulty in its implementation, a novel control strategy for operating such a DVR as a virtual impedance in series with sensitive loads is proposed in this paper. In addition to its usual function of compensating for voltage sags, such a DVR can also operate as a virtual inductance, to function as a fault current limiter (FCL) during a downstream fault, or a virtual capacitance, to function as a series compensator (SC) to compensate the voltage loss along the feeder line during heavy load. Based on a dual-loop control design, strategies for operating a DVR as a series virtual inductance and a virtual capacitance are proposed, and methods for tuning the parameter values and a stability analysis of the whole system are presented. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by simulations using the PSCAD software, and experimental results obtained using a prototype DVR are presented.