武器协同数据链发展分析

本文从外军数据链发展入手,根据网络中心战对数据链的要求,重点分析了武器协同数据链的发展历程和趋势,给出武器协同数据链的作战使用需求和特性。     

网络中心战中美军数据链体系架构研究

从美军数据链的发展历程和网络中心战的需求出发,讨论了网络中心战的三级作战网络,对联合数据网、复合跟踪网中的主要数据链进行了详细研究,并在此基础上分析了美军数据链体系架构的发展趋势。     

国外多种数据链综合应用研究

从网络中心战对数据链发展的要求出发,结合外军数据链发展情况及特点,着重论述了多种数据链综合应用所面临的技术挑战及解决途径。分析了建设全球信息栅格面临的技术困难,并提出我军数据链综合应用需从以主用数据链为主实现多数据链信息共享、数据链距离扩展及数据链、与计算机互联网络的互联等方向的几点启示。     

多数据链协同在网络中心战中的应用

战术数据链是支持网络中心战的关键技术,战术数据链的发展趋势之一是多数据链协同工作。新型数据链的出现并不意味着旧的数据链会被立即取代,在相当长的一段时间内它们将共存。本文对多战术数据链的协同工作机制进行了介绍,给出了多链网络协同工作的过程,对多链网络规划中需要注意的问题进行了探讨,并且介绍了当前多链协同工作的网络管理软件。     

美军网络中心战的重要元素——协同数据链

主要介绍了美军网络中心战体系中的几种典型协同数据链系统,包括武器控制数据链WDL,协同交战能力数据链CEC,战术瞄准网络技术TTNT等,通过分析其发展历程和技术特点,总结了武器协同数据链的发展趋势。     

数据链信息系统稳定性影响因素及效能分析

数据链信息系统是军队信息化建设的支柱与核心,是实现军兵种联合作战的纽带,是支持平台作战向网络中心战转变的关键.分析了数据链信息系统稳定性效能涉及的因素,确定了数据链信息系统稳定性效能评估基准和指标体系,研究了数据链信息系统稳定性综合效能模型.     

数据链作战应用研究

本文介绍了数据链在现代战争中的作用和地位，并从作战的各个阶段简要分析了数据链的应用，阐述了数据链在实现平台中心战向网络中心战过渡的关键地位和作用；通过几个具有典型意义的战例，说明数据链是现代信息化作战、协同作战以及联合作战的“枢纽”。     

数据链技术在机载光电吊舱中的应用

现代战争中,作战单元共享信息实现作战行动同步是赢得战争胜利的关键。数据链能够实现多平台之间情报信息交换,是网络中心战传感器栅格的连接纽带,其应用水平在很大意义上决定着信息战争的水平和能力。对数据链技术在机载光电吊舱中的应用进行了研究,并提出满足实际需求的设计方案。     

战术数据链仿真中的地面显示控制系统

战术数据链是网络中心战系统中的重要组成部分，采用模块化设计方法对战术数据链仿真中的地面显示控制系统进行了设计与实现。首先，简要分析了战术数据链方针中显控系统的特点。然后采用模块化设计方法，对通信模块、数据处理模块、显示处理模块、控制模块以及数据库模块等进行了详细设计。最后给出了地面显控系统的运行结果，该结果满足显控系统所要求的设计指标。     

对美军下一代数据链TTNT技术的分析与探讨

TTNT是美军下一代战术数据链系统中一颗冉冉升起的新星,是其网络中心战的中枢系统。在美军联合远征部队第三阶段试验演习（JFEX-08-3）中,表现出了极强的战场态势感知能力和网络中心战能力。TTNT具有高吞吐量、高传输速率、低传输时延以及实时按需获得带宽的性能,能将海量的战场情报信息和态势图像对其他作战平台进行高速传输和实时共享。这将有助于打击时间敏感目标,大大提升网络中心战能力。通过分析TTNT的传输距离、高速数据传输速率等技术指标,低截获性、抗干扰性等特点,以及集成于Link16的联合收发系统（JTIDS）的产品形式等信息,探讨了TTNT相关的一些关键技术,并指出了TTNT与数据链和无线MESH网络的不同之处。     

Scheduling structure to achieve inter-layer optimisation inwireless IP networks

An inter-layer scheduling structure that achieves a coupling between the IP and data link layer is proposed. Based upon the QoS requirements from the network layer and the available resources at link layer the optimal bearer is selected. The combination of information from different layers in the protocol stack allows for a more optimised and accurate control of the traffic flows with different QoS requirements     

QoS support for integrated services over CATV

Cable TV has emerged as a promising access network infrastructure for the delivery of voice, video, and high-speed data traffic. A central issue in the design of protocols for CATV networks is to support different levels of QoS for diverse user applications. While CATV service providers and equipment have standardized, in the so-called MCNS protocol, the basic network architecture and interfaces, issues in the MAC layer for QoS support are likely to be left for differentiation in vendor products. This article first presents an overview of the basic CATV network architectural assumptions and the set of QoS requirements for supporting integrated services over CATV. It then discusses a MAC layer scheduling protocol that can efficiently multiplex constant bit rate traffic, such as voice over IP with guaranteed delay bound, and best-effort traffic, such as data services with minimum bit rate guarantee, while achieving fairness on any excess available bandwidth. The performance of this algorithm is illustrated by simulation results using Opnet. We also discuss a dynamic polling mechanism that enhances the link utilization while preserving delay bounds for latency-critical traffic     

Joint connection level, packet level, and link Layer resource allocation for variable bit rate multiclass services in cellular DS-CDMA networks with QoS constraints

An approximate analytical formulation of the resource allocation problem for handling variable bit rate multiclass services in a cellular direct sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) system is presented. The novelty in this paper is that all grade-of-service (GoS) or quality-of-service (QoS) requirements at the connection level, packet level, and link layer are satisfied simultaneously, instead of being satisfied at the connection level or at the link layer only. The analytical formulation shows how the GoS/QoS in the different layers are intertwined across the layers. A complete sharing (CS) scheme with guard channels is used for the resource sharing policy at the connection level. The CS model is solved using a K-dimensional Markov chain. Numerical results illustrate that significant gain in system utilization is achieved through the joint coupling of connection/packet levels and link layer. This can translate to more revenues for network providers and/or lower charges for mobile users.     

Routing-oriented update schEme (ROSE) for link state updating

Few works have been reported to address the issue of updating link state information in order to effectively facilitate quality-of-service (QoS) routing. The idea of modeling the QoS link state information as random variables has been reported, but none of the existing works have provided a comprehensive probabilistic approach to link state update that takes the probability density functions of both the user's QoS requirements and the network's QoS measurements into account. We propose the routing-oriented update scheme (ROSE) that utilizes the knowledge of the history of network operations and user's QoS requirements to improve the efficiency of link state update without increasing the network overhead. ROSE is a new class-based link state update scheme which intelligently determines class sizes to minimize the impact of inaccurate link state information. Through theoretical analysis and extensive simulations, we demonstrate that ROSE outperforms other class- based link state update policies.     

基于蚁群优化的无线多媒体传感器网络区分服务路由

无线多媒体传感器网络中存在多种类型的数据,而且这些数据的服务质量需求并不相同。针对这种情况,提出一种基于蚁群优化的区分服务路由协议（DSACO, differentiated service and ant colony optimization based routing protocol）。DSACO在网络分层的基础上通过限制蚂蚁的搜索范围以减少建立路由的时间和能量消耗,对不同服务质量需求的数据采用区分服务路由以满足不同类型数据的服务质量需求。仿真结果表明,新协议能够为多媒体数据的传输提供更好的QoS保障,在数据传输的平均时延、分组丢失率和能量消耗上优于已有路由协议。     

Cross-Layer Modeling for QoS-Driven Multimedia Multicast/Broadcast over Fading Channels in [Advances in Mobile Multimedia]

In this article we propose a cross-layer design model for multimedia multicast/broadcast services to efficiently support the diverse quality of service requirements over mobile wireless networks. Specifically, we aim at achieving high system throughput for multimedia multicast/broadcast while satisfying QoS requirements from different protocol layers. First, at the physical layer, we propose a dynamic rate adaptation scheme to optimize the average throughput subject to the loss rate QoS constraint specified from the upper-layer protocol users. We investigate scenarios with either independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) or non-i.i.d. fading channels connecting to different multicast receivers. Then, applying the effective capacity theory at the data link layer, we study the impact of the delay QoS requirement (i.e., QoS exponent) on the multimedia data rate of mobile multicast/broadcast that our proposed scheme can support. Also presented are simulation results which show the trade-off among different QoS metrics and the performance superiority of our proposed scheme as compared to the other existing schemes.     

Vertical QoS mapping over wireless interfaces [accepted from open call]

This article focuses on the problem of quality of service mapping between layers in a cascade. Protocol stacks in telecommunications networks are composed of functional layers. QoS provision depends on the performance achieved at each layer and is based on functions performed at layer interfaces. In practice, QoS derives from reliable physical and link layers that can offer specific transport services to upper network layers. The data flows (or bundles of flows) generated by the upper layers (e.g., the network layers) are forwarded down to a physical interface that transports the information along a channel that provides, if possible, the expected QoS to the upper layers. The action is called vertical QoS mapping and poses many challenges for a communication scientist, in particular if it is applied to wireless interfaces. This article states the definition of vertical QoS mapping, proposes a formal separation between technology-dependent and technology-independent layers, models each functional layer as a battery of buffers, generalizes the relation between layers through a chain of buffers in a cascade, formalizes the theoretical problems of vertical QoS mapping, and suggests possible solutions that use dynamic bandwidth allocation schemes.     

A cross-layer framework for multi-layer-video multicast with QoS requirements in multirate wireless networks

We propose a cross-layer framework for efficient multi-layer-video multicast with rate adaptation and quality-of-service (QoS) requirements in multirate wireless networks. We employ time division multiple access at the physical layer to transmit different video layers' data. The multicast sender then dynamically regulates the transmission rate and time-slot allocation based on the channel state information (CSI) and loss QoS requirements imposed by upper protocol layers. Under our proposed cross-layer framework, we first design a rate adaptation algorithm to fulfill the diverse loss QoS requirements for all video layers while achieving high multicast throughput. We then develop a time-slot allocation scheme which synchronizes data transmission across different video layers. Also conducted are simulation results to validate and evaluate our designed adaptive multicasting schemes under the proposed cross-layer framework.     

Cross-Layer optimization for LDPC-coded multirate multiuser systems with QoS constraints

In this paper, we propose a new multirate multiple-access wireless system implemented by variable spreading gain and chip-level random interleaving. The receiver employs a flexible chip-level iterative multiuser detection scheme where the variable spreading gain affects only the despreading parameters. Optimization across the physical and network layers in the uplink of such a system is treated. It is assumed that each user employs an low-density parity-check (LDPC) code to protect its data. At the physical layer, the quality of service (QoS) requirement is specified in terms of the target bit error rate (BER) of each user. Optimal user transmit powers are dynamically adjusted according to the current system load and the corresponding rate requirements. At the network layer, the QoS requirements include the call blocking probabilities, call connection delays, packet congestion probabilities and packet loss rates. To maximize the average revenue of the network subject to both call-level and packet-level QoS constraints, a multicriterion reinforcement learning (MCRL)-based adaptive call admission control (CAC) method is proposed that can easily handle multiple average QoS requirements. Unlike existing model-based approaches, the MCRL-based technique does not require the explicit knowledge of the state transition probabilities to derive the optimal policy. This feature is important when the number of states is so large that model-based optimization algorithms become infeasible, which is typically the case for a large integrated service network supporting a number of different service types.     

Quality of service in telecommunications .II. Translation of QoSparameters into ATM performance parameters in B-ISDN

The main goal of this article is to present the translation of quality of service (QoS) parameters between layers. The QoS parameters in the ATM layer and AAL are defined. This translation concept came from the QoS framework in which the influence of the protocol stack on the QoS should be considered. As an example, we concentrate on the translation from the AAL to the ATM layer, as the AAL must be designed to be service-dependent and specific. Translation, both taking the transport protocol into account as well as between application and transport QoS, needs further study. However, our study shows that the QoS translation is a possible and good approach in end-to-end QoS guarantees in the broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN). As far as the end-to-end QoS guarantee issue is concerned, the transport QoS requirements are specified in terms of bounds on transport QoS parameters. The bounds on transport QoS parameters will be translated into the bounds on ATM layer QoS parameters. The ATM-layer QoS parameters resulting from the translation will be the performance requirements on a connection basis for the ATM network, but are basically the end-to-end parameters, including the network and the end systems. Therefore, the QoS translation finally results in the network performance parameters in the ATM network. We define QoS parameters in the AAL and ATM layer. Case studies in which the translation method is applied to a constant bit rate (CBR) video service and data service, respectively, are also presented