面向异构无线传感器网络的节点调度算法

针对传感器网络中的节点冗余问题,提出了一种冗余判别方法来关闭冗余节点,以达到延长网络生命周期的目的.首先按邻居节点的不同位置对节点进行分类,研究了每组邻居节点的网络覆盖率与工作节点数k之间的约束关系,在此基础上,按不同的冗余法则对节点进行判断,关闭冗余节点.理论分析和实验结果表明,提出的算法能关闭网络中的冗余节点从而有效地延长网络的生存时间.     

无线传感器网络簇间节能路由算法

针对基于分簇网络的无线传感器网络簇间路由协议,让簇首和Sink节点直接通信或通过簇首节点转发数据造成能耗不均,节点过早死亡的缺陷。文中提出一种基于网关节点模型的无线传感器网络簇间路由算法,通过簇头与网关节点、网关节点自身建立虚电路,制定存储转发路由,将数据转发给Sink节点。并引入延时等待机制,增强了簇间信息的融合度,此算法适用于大规模无线传感器网络,有良好的可扩展性。仿真表明在能量节省等性能上与传统簇间路由算法相较有较大提高。     

Two-Tier,Scalable and Highly Resilient Key Predistribution Scheme for Location-Aware Wireless Sensor Network Deployments

We propose a probabilistic key predistribution scheme for wireless sensor networks, where keying materials are distributed to sensor nodes for secure communication. We use a two-tier approach in which there are two types of nodes: regular nodes and agent nodes. Agent nodes are more capable than regular nodes. Our node deployment model is zone-based such that the nodes that may end up with closer positions on ground are grouped together. The keying material of nodes that belong to different zones is non-overlapping. However, it is still possible for nodes that belong to different zones to communicate with each other via agent nodes when needed. We give a comparative analysis of our scheme through simulations and show that our scheme provides good connectivity figures at reasonable communication cost by using minimal flooding in key distribution. Moreover, we show that our scheme is scalable such that no extra overhead in incurred in case of increased number of nodes and sensor field size. Most importantly, simulation results show that our scheme is highly resilient to node captures.     

DECADE: Distributed Emergent Cooperation through ADaptive Evolution in mobile ad hoc networks

The scarce resources of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) should not be wasted attending selfish nodes (those nodes that use resources from other nodes to send their own packets, without offering their own resources to forward other nodes’ packets). Thus, rational nodes (those nodes willing to cooperate if deemed worthy) must detect and isolate selfish nodes in order to cooperate only among themselves. To achieve this purpose, in this paper we present a new game theoretic trust model called DECADE (Distributed Emergent Cooperation through ADaptive Evolution). The design of DECADE is shown by first, analyzing a simple case of packet forwarding between two nodes, and then the results are extended to bigger networks. In DECADE, each node seeks individually to maximize its chance to deliver successfully their own packets, so that the cooperation among rational nodes and the isolation of selfish nodes appear as an emergent collective behavior. This behavior emerges as long as there is a highly dynamic interaction among nodes. So, for those cases where the mobility alone does not suffice to provide this interaction, DECADE includes a sociability parameter that encourages nodes to interact among them for faster learning and adaptability. Additionally, DECADE introduces very low overhead on computational and communication resources, achieving close to optimal cooperation levels among rational nodes and almost complete isolation of selfish nodes.     

Collaborative techniques for intrusion detection in mobile ad-hoc networks

In this paper, we present two intrusion detection techniques for mobile ad-hoc networks, which use collaborative efforts of nodes in a neighborhood to detect a malicious node in that neighborhood. The first technique is designed for detection of malicious nodes in a neighborhood of nodes in which each pair of nodes in the neighborhood are within radio range of each other. Such a neighborhood of nodes is known as a clique [12]. The second technique is designed for detection of malicious nodes in a neighborhood of nodes, in which each pair of nodes may not be in radio range of each other but where there is a node among them which has all the other nodes in its one-hop vicinity. This neighborhood is identical to a cluster as mentioned in [12]. Both techniques use message passing between the nodes. A node called the monitor node initiates the detection process. Based on the messages that it receives during the detection process, each node determines the nodes it suspects to be malicious and send votes to the monitor node. The monitor node upon inspecting the votes determines the malicious nodes from among the suspected nodes. Our intrusion detection system is independent of any routing protocol. We give the proof of correctness of the first algorithm, which shows that it correctly detects the malicious nodes always when there is no message loss. We also show with the help of simulations that both the algorithms give good performance even when there are message losses arising due to unreliable channel.     

一种基于虚拟锚节点策略改进的Bounding Box定位算法

针对Bounding Box算法定位误差大、覆盖率低的缺点,提出了一种采用虚拟锚节点策略的改进定位算法。首先未知节点利用其通信范围内的锚节点进行定位;其次,已定位的节点根据升级策略有选择性的升级为虚拟锚节点;最后,无法定位的节点利用虚拟锚节点实现定位。另外,在离散网络模型的基础上,通过建立双半径网络节点模型从而进一步约束了未知节点的位置。理论分析及仿真结果均表明,该算法在显著提高定位覆盖率的同时,有效地提高了定位精度。     

基于虚拟可及测试节点的模拟电路故障诊断

针对网络撕裂方法诊断模拟电路故障过程中撕裂节点必须是可及节点的限制,提出了虚拟可及测试节点的方法.利用网络拓扑结构和基尔霍夫电流定律计算一类不可及测试节点故障电压,让其成为虚拟可及测试节点.然后在可及或虚拟可及测试节点对网络进行撕裂,再根据故障电压和故障判据定位故障至更小的区域,从而进一步定位故障元件.这种新方法降低了待诊断电路中对可及节点数目的要求,增加了撕裂的灵活性.通过仿真实例验证了该方法的有效性.     

机会网络中基于摆渡节点与簇节点相互协作的路由机制

机会网络是一种不需要在源节点和目的节点之间存在完整路径,利用节点移动带来的相遇机会实现网络通信的延迟容忍自组织网络,它以“存储-携带-处理-转发”的模式进行.为实现互不相交簇间的信息传输,本文设计了一种带阈值的簇移动模型CMMT,并提出了一种基于摆渡（Ferry）节点与簇节点协作的路由算法（CBSW）.该算法减少了冗余的通信和存储开销,以及在Spray阶段簇节点没有遇到目的节点或摆渡节点,进入Wait阶段携带消息的节点采用直接分发方式只向目的节点传输等问题.仿真实验表明,CBSW算法能够增加传输成功率,减少网络开销和传输延迟.     

Secure geolocalization of wireless sensor nodes in the presence of misbehaving anchor nodes

Geolocalization of nodes in a wireless sensor network is a process that allows location-unaware nodes to discover their spatial coordinates. This process requires the cooperation of all the nodes in the system. Ensuring the correctness of the process, especially in the presence of misbehaving nodes, is crucial for ensuring the integrity of the system. We analyze the problem of location-unaware nodes determining their location in the presence of misbehaving neighboring nodes that provide false data during the execution of the process. We divide and present potential misbehaving nodes in four different adversary models, based on their capacities. We provide algorithms that enable the location-unaware nodes to determine their coordinates in the presence of these adversaries. The algorithms always work for a given number of neighbors provided that the number of misbehaving nodes is below a certain threshold, which is determined for each adversary model.     

异构传感器网络中汇聚节点位置优化路由算法

在异构无线传感器网络模型下,针对采集节点发送数据能量消耗过高及路由时分组丢失率过大等情况,对数据汇聚节点的位置优化及路由进行了研究,提出了移动汇聚节点位置优化路由算法（MLOYIH）。先根据蚁群算法的原理对移动节点与静态节点进行分组,再在组内寻找适合的位置放置汇聚节点,最后根据供电情况,选择合适的跳算进行路由。经过仿真实验与性能分析表明,MLOYIH算法与传统算法比较,能量消耗降低到64%,分组丢失率不高于3%。     

基于种子节点选择的网络环境下多标签分类算法研究

多标签分类在基因分类,药物发现和文本分类等实际问题中有着广泛的应用.已存在的多标签分类算法,通常都是从网络中随机的选取节点作为训练集.然而,在分类算法执行的过程中,网络中不同节点所起的作用不同.在给定训练集数目的情况下,选择的训练集不同,分类精度也会不同.所以我们引入了种子节点的概念,标签分类从种子节点开始,经过不断推理,得到网络中其他所有节点的标签.本文提出了SHDA（Nodes Selection of High Degree from Each Affiliation）算法,即从网络的每个社团中,按比例的选取度数较大的节点,然后将其合并,处理后得到种子节点.真实数据集上的实验表明,将种子节点用作训练集进行多标签分类,能够提升网络环境下多标签分类的准确率.     

一种改进的无线自组网DSR路由协议

DSR路由协议中很多相邻节点的"路由应答"无法到达源节点,因此向这些节点广播"路由请求"产生了不必要的耗费.如果选择相对于源节点移动性较弱的相邻节点进行"路由请求",则可比较稳定地获得"路由应答".仿真结果显示,改进后的DSR(M-DSR)路由协议在路由发现时间、路由长度、路由错误、传播路由请求、路由应答等方面的性能较DSR路由协议有明显的改进.     

基于分组抽样的P2P超级节点推测

基于小世界规律和幂率特征,该文提出了P2P超级节点检测方法IPS.IPS通过分组抽样检出P2P种子节点,然后根据P2P节点间的流量关联特征检出其余的P2P节点,并将连接度大的P2P节点作为超级节点输出.基于互联网数据的实验验证了该法的正确性.     

基于信誉值维护的机会网络自私节点检测机制

机会网络中自私节点的存在严重影响路由转发的性能。为在路由时避开此类节点、消除其对网络性能的影响,提出了一种基于信誉值维护的自私节点检测机制,通过两跳ACK消息来监测节点行为,利用监测信息计算节点的信誉值,并将其作为判断节点是否自私的依据。在多种路由算法上加载该检测机制进行仿真实验,结果表明该检测机制可准确识别机会网络中的自私节点,提高消息投递的成功率,并能有效控制消息副本数和网络开销。     

无线火灾监控系统在坑、地道式防护工程中的应用研究

针对目前我国坑、地道式防护工程火灾监测系统存在的问题,设计一种无线火灾监控系统,该系统由传感器节点、路由节点、网关节点以及PC机组成。介绍了该探测系统传感器节点和网关节点的硬件设计以及传感器节点、路由节点、网关节点的功能、流程等软件设计。该系统集监测、显示、报警、通信等多功能于一体,可以对目标区域进行远程监控,监测节点体积小,无需布线,移动、安装方便。     

恶意节点容忍的间断连接无线网络消息转发策略

间断连接无线网络中的节点以协作方式完成消息投递,恶意节点将严重影响网络性能。利用节点历史行为信息,该文提出一种恶意节点容忍的消息转发策略,节点结合直接观察信息与邻居节点的推荐信息,通过动态推荐声誉阈值感知节点恶意行为,进而利用证据理论量化节点信任度,从而检测网络中串谋及独立的恶意节点,为消息选择最优的转发节点。结果表明,在带有串谋的恶意攻击下,所提出的消息转发策略能准确检测出恶意节点,并显著提高消息投递率,改善平均时延。     

Energy saving with node sleep and power control mechanisms for wireless sensor networks

Energy efficiency sleep scheduling in wireless sensor networks is one of the most crucial technologies.In this paper,we propose a simple and feasible synchronous node sleeping and waking mechanisms for small scale wireless sensor networks.Sensor nodes are divided into forwarding nodes and listening nodes.Beacon frame containing sleep command from the coordinator can be forwarded to listening nodes via forwarding nodes.All the nodes in the network can enter sleep at about the same time.Through such network s...     

基于父节点的XML查询优化算法

本文提出了基于父节点的XML查询优化算法,它主要利用关键词的顺序循环查找父节点,把查找出来的父节点集合求交集,所得的父节点交集集合中的元素即为最小子树根节点,最后根据所得出的最小子树根节点得到用户所需的最紧致片段。通过选取经典的INEX数据集算法进行测试。实验结果表明,与传统的XML查询优化算法相比,基于父节点的XML查询优化算法有较高的准确率,更能满足用户需求。     

Concentric Distributed Localization Based on the Tripodal Anchor Structure and Grid Scan for Wireless Sensor Networks

Achieving high accuracy with minimum reference nodes, anchor nodes, and computation and communication costs is a goal for the localization in wireless sensor networks. Targeting at this goal, a localization scheme called concentric distributed localization with the tripodal anchor structure and grid scan (CDL-TAGS) requiring two reference nodes and a few anchor nodes is proposed in this paper. Under the precondition that the system has randomly distributed normal sensor nodes, a tripodal anchor structure is first designed. With this structure, the localization process is started from the centroid node and then stretched outward to the farthest normal nodes. Based on the two best reference nodes, a virtual point is generated to serve as the third reference node. In the CDL-TAGS scheme, a grid scan algorithm is employed to estimate the position of a normal node. Finally, we show that the communication overhead and time and space complexities among sensor nodes for CDL-TAGS can be kept at a low level. In addition, CDL-TAGS can achieve better accuracy with minimum anchor nodes as compared to some closely related localization schemes in the literature through simulation results.     

一种基于信誉的移动自组网区分服务激励机制

为了有效解决移动自组网节点在自觉提供服务方面的自私行为问题,该文提出了一种基于信誉的区分服务激励机制。该机制通过建立一种分簇全局信誉模型,并结合节点能力将服务与信誉进行等级关联,提供差异化服务;信誉级别越高的节点可以使用级别越高的服务,使用服务或者故意不提供服务会减少节点的信誉,节点需要积极提供可靠服务提高信誉才能保障服务的使用。仿真结果表明所提机制能有效抵制节点的自私行为,激励节点积极提供可靠服务。