代谢有机酸对三黄鸡生长性能、养分代谢率及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究不同浓度代谢有机酸对三黄鸡生长性能、养分代谢率和肉品质的影响,并确定其在饲粮中的适宜添加水平。选择224只5周龄初始体重相近的健康三黄公鸡,随机分成4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复14只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加3.75‰、5.00‰和6.25‰代谢有机酸产品的饲粮。结果表明：（1）代谢有机酸可有效促进三黄鸡增重,降低料肉比。其中,5.00‰有机酸组三黄鸡8周体重和平均日增重显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,6.25‰有机酸组料肉比显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。（2）代谢有机酸可提高饲粮粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的表观代谢率（P＞0.05）,显著提高钙的表观代谢率（P＜0.05）。（3）代谢有机酸可显著降低胸肌和腿肌的滴水损失（P＜0.05）,并有降低肌肉剪切力的趋势（P＞0.05）。综合考虑,三黄鸡饲粮中代谢有机酸产品的适宜添加量为5.00‰。     

甜味剂和香味剂对仔猪生产性能的影响

120头体重7～8kg断乳仔猪随机分为3组,每组设4个重复,每个重复10头。Ⅰ组（对照组）饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组（甜味剂组）饲喂基础日粮添加喷雾干燥型甜味剂;Ⅲ组（香味剂组）饲喂基础日粮添加乳香型香味剂。结果：试验第7d时,Ⅱ组的日采食量和日增重分别比Ⅰ组提高10.07%和18.03%,料重比下降7.21%（P〈0.01）;Ⅲ组日采食量比Ⅰ组提高3.91%（P〈0.05）,Ⅲ组的日增重和料重比与Ⅰ组相比差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。试验第7～14d,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的日采食量、日增重均显著高于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05）,其中Ⅱ组的日采食量、日增重分别提高2.30%、6.53%,Ⅲ组的日采食量、日增重分别提高2.87%、7.17%;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的料重比均显著低于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05）,分别降低4.09%、4.16%。试验第1～14d,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的日采食量均显著高于Ⅰ组,分别提高4.99%（P〈0.01）、3.22%（P〈0.05）;Ⅱ组日增重提高10.97%（P〈0.01）,Ⅲ组提高5.73%（P〈0.05）;Ⅱ组的料重比降低5.66%（P〈0.01）,Ⅲ组的料重比降低2.37%（P〈0.05）。结果表明,喷雾干燥型甜味剂和乳香型香味剂均可提高仔猪日采食量和日增重,降低料肉比,但是喷雾干燥型甜味剂的效果比乳香型香味剂的效果更佳。     

抗菌肽及益生菌复合添加剂对青脚麻鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加抗菌肽及益生菌复合添加剂对青脚麻鸡生长性能和屠宰性能及血清生化指标的影响。选择7日龄初始体重相近的青脚麻鸡460羽,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复23羽,分别饲喂5种不同的日粮：Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+150 mg/kg金霉素（对照组）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别在基础日粮中添加200、400、600和800 mg/kg添加剂。试验期56 d。结果显示：①前期Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组平均日采食量均有提高,其中Ⅳ、Ⅴ组与Ⅰ组相比均达到显著水平（P < 0.05）;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组平均日增重均有提高,其中Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组相比达到显著水平（P < 0.05）;Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组平均料重比均有降低,其中Ⅱ、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组相比均达到显著水平（P < 0.05）。后期和全期平均日采食量、平均日增重和平均料重比各组差异均不显著（P > 0.05）。②各组与对照组相比,全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率均有一定程度的提高,但各组差异均不显著（P > 0.05）。③与对照组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组血清总蛋白含量分别提高了1.18%、12.11%和29.28%;Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组血清白蛋白含量分别显著提高了23.87%、22.28%和23.05%（P < 0.05）;Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组碱性磷酸酶活性分别提高了12.07%、13.17%和29.67%;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组谷草转氨酶活性分别提高了0.95%、16.22%、92.95%和137.94%,其中Ⅳ和Ⅴ组均达到显著水平（P < 0.05）。结果表明,在青脚麻鸡日粮中添加抗菌肽和益生菌复合添加剂,可提高青脚麻鸡血清中总蛋白、白蛋白含量及碱性磷酸酶、谷草转氨酶活性,促进青脚麻鸡营养物质代谢,从而提高青脚麻鸡的生长性能和屠宰性能。     

饲料中添加复方中草药制剂对三黄鸡生长性能和肠道健康的影响

为研究饲粮中添加复方中草药制剂对三黄鸡生产性能和肠道健康的影响,试验选取体况相近的1日龄三黄鸡仔鸡150只,分为5个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮|抗生素组饲喂含0.06% 阿莫西林的基础饲料|其他试验组分别饲喂添加0.7% 、1.0%、1.3% 复方中草药制剂的基础饲粮。试验期共42 d。结果显示：日粮中添加复方中草药制剂的试验组三黄鸡的平均日增重、料重比、肠道健康状态均优于对照组和抗生素组,尤其是1.0% 复方中草药制剂试验组与对照组相比,在21 ~ 42日龄间平均日增重提高13.91 %（P < 0.05）,且整个试验期间添加1.0 %复方中草药制剂组与对照组相比料重比下降了7.37%|空肠的绒毛高度和SIgA分泌量分别增加了15.62%和30.95%（P < 0.05）|盲肠中双歧杆菌含量与对照组相比增加了7.15%（P < 0.05）。综上,饲粮中添加复方中草药制剂能改善三黄鸡的生产性能,促进肠道健康。 [关键词] 三黄鸡|复方中草药制剂|生产性能|肠道健康     

木薯酵素对三黄鸡生长性能、养分表观消化率和抗氧化性能的影响

为研究木薯酵素对三黄鸡生长性能、养分表观消化率及抗氧化性能的影响,试验采用单因子完全随机设计,将400只80日龄三黄鸡母鸡,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加1%、2%、3%木薯酵素,采用散养方式,预试期5 d,正试期为35 d。结果显示：(1)与对照组相比,日粮添加不同比例的木薯酵素对三黄鸡的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异（P>0.05）;(2)Ⅱ、Ⅲ组粗脂肪含量显著升高（P<0.05）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组中粗纤维含量显著降低（P<0.05）;(3)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组中过氧化氢酶的活性显著增加（P<0.05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性显著增加（P<0.05）。综上所述,日粮添加2%木薯酵素对三黄鸡生长性能无显著影响,可提高血清中过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,增强其抗氧化性能。     

不同中草药饲料添加剂对三穗鸭生长性能的影响

为研究不同中草药饲料添加剂对三穗鸭生长性能的影响,选取300只三穗鸭随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只鸭。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试Ⅰ组添加基础日粮1%的中草药配方Ⅰ,试Ⅱ组添加基础日粮1.5%的中草药配方Ⅰ,试Ⅲ组添加基础日粮1%的中草药配方Ⅱ,试Ⅳ组添加基础日粮1.5%的中草药配方Ⅱ。试验期56d。结果显示:在3~11周龄时,试Ⅰ、Ⅱ组在增重方面显著高于对照组(P0.05);试Ⅲ、Ⅳ组和对照组相比,增重有差异但不显著。绝对周增重各组在各个阶段都略有差异,相对周增重各组间都呈下降趋势。试Ⅱ组的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05),试Ⅰ、Ⅳ组也有所提高但差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅲ组有所降低。平均日采食量与对照组相比,试Ⅰ、Ⅳ组显著提高(P0.05),试Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的日采食量也略有提高,但差异不显著(P0.05)。与对照组相比料肉比有所降低,但差异不显著(P0.05)。研究表明,添加1.5%基础日粮的中草药配方Ⅰ,能同时有效的提高三穗鸭3~11周龄的平均日增重和日采食量。     

添加黄秋葵对儋州鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及消化酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究儋州鸡日粮中添加黄秋葵对其生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及消化酶活性的影响。选用健康、体重相近的90日龄儋州公鸡120只,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ~Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%黄秋葵粉。试验期28 d。结果显示：与对照组相比,Ⅰ~Ⅲ组平均日增重显著提高（P < 0.05）,料重比显著降低（P < 0.05）,Ⅳ组与对照组相比差异不显著（P > 0.05）;与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组屠宰体重、屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌重均显著提高（P < 0.05）,Ⅰ组除屠宰体重显著高于对照组外（P < 0.05）,其余指标与对照组间差异均不显著（P > 0.05）,Ⅳ组各指标与对照组相比差异均不显著（P > 0.05）;Ⅰ~Ⅲ组滴水损失率、剪切力显著低于对照组（P < 0.05）;熟肉率、肌肉pH显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胰腺、十二指肠、空肠中胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性均显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）,Ⅳ组除脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组外（P < 0.05）,其余与对照组间差异均不显著（P > 0.05）。结果提示,在基础日粮中添加黄秋葵粉的适宜比例为1.5%,可有效改善儋州鸡的生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及消化酶活性。     

低蛋白质补充合成氨基酸日粮对9～16周龄宁都三黄鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨蛋能比保持一定的情况下,低蛋白质补充前3种限制性氨基酸日粮对9～16周龄宁都三黄鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响。试验选用160羽体重为(573.1±11.0)g的9周龄健康宁都三黄母鸡,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4重复,每个重复10羽鸡。处理Ⅰ组(对照组)为玉米-豆粕型日粮,按照我国黄羽肉鸡饲养标准(2004)进行配制,其中代谢能为13.3 MJ/kg、蛋白质含量为16.5%(蛋白质/代谢能=12.3 g/MJ)。处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(试验组)日粮蛋能比与处理Ⅰ组一致,代谢能分别为12.6、11.8、11.0 MJ/kg,蛋白质含量分别为15.5%、14.5%、13.5%。4组日粮均补充了蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和苏氨酸以满足三黄鸡对其需要。结果表明:(1)日粮蛋白质水平由16.5%降至14.5%,9～16周龄宁都三黄鸡日采食量、日增重和料重比无显著影响(P>0.05);当蛋白质降幅达3个百分点时,尽管补充了蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和苏氨酸,但宁都三黄鸡的生长性能受到显著影响(P<0.05);(2)日粮蛋白质水平降低3个百分点,宁都三黄鸡全净膛率显著升高(P<0.05),但对屠宰率、半净膛率、胸肌率及腿肌率影响不显著(P>0.05);(3)日粮蛋白质水平降低2个百分点及以上同时补充蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和苏氨酸时,宁都三黄鸡的腹脂率显著降低(P<0.05)。综合生长性能和胴体品质指标,在补充前3种限制性氨基酸的情况下,宁都三黄鸡日粮蛋白质降低的幅度不应超过2个百分点。     

不同液体酶对肉仔鸡生产性能和养分消化利用的影响

本试验研究了低能量日粮中添加4种液体酶对肉鸡生长性能及对粗蛋白质、能量等养分消化利用率的影响.将576只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分为6组(每组8个重复,公、母雏各4个重复,每个重复12只鸡),分别接受6个日粮处理,即Ⅰ组为正对照(饲喂正常日粮).Ⅱ组为负对照(饲喂代谢能值较正对照日粮降低200 kcal/kg的日粮),Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ分别饲喂在负对照日粮基础上添加四种以木聚糖酶为主的液体酶(L1、L2、L3和L4)的日粮.生长性能结果表明.在21日龄时.Ⅰ组的采食量显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05),Ⅰ组的增重显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P＜0.05),Ⅵ组的增重也显著高于Ⅲ组(P＜0.05),Ⅵ组的料重比在数值上优于Ⅳ组.消化代谢试验结果表明,Ⅳ、Ⅵ组的粗蛋白质表观回肠消化率显著高于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05),且在数值上超过正常日粮处理组(Ⅰ);Ⅲ、Ⅴ组的粗蛋白质回肠消化率也较低能饲料组(Ⅱ)有提高的趋势(P＞0.05).Ⅱ组的能量回肠消化率显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅵ组(P＜0.05),各处理间的氮表现存留率和能量表现代谢率差异不显著(P＞0.05).氨基酸消化率结果表示,添加四种液体酶的处理相对负对照Ⅱ组各种氨基酸消化率都有所提高,其中Ⅳ组缬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸的消化率都极显著的高于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05),Ⅵ组除脯氨酸之外,其他氨基酸的消化率都极显著的高于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05).不同处理和性别对各指标均无显著互作效应(P＞0.05).     

那西肽和益生素对广西三黄鸡生产性能及饲料养分利用率的影响

为研究那西肽和益生素对广西三黄鸡生产性能的影响,试验选择150只20日龄广西三黄鸡母鸡,随机分为3组,组内设两个重复,每个重复25只。Ⅰ组(对照组)基础日粮、Ⅱ组(那西肽组)基础日粮+4mg/kg那西肽、Ⅲ(益生素组)基础日粮+1g/kg益生素。饲养试验6周、饲养试验的第三周采用AIA法进行消化代谢试验、结束时进行屠宰试验。结果表明,与Ⅰ组比较:平均日增重Ⅱ组提高14.20%(P0.05)、Ⅲ组提高10.32%(P0.05);耗料增重比分别下降10.14%和5.66%;饲料主要有机养分利用率Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组均有所提高(P0.05)。三个组的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率差异均不显著。结论:两种添加剂均能促进三黄鸡的生长和提高饲料报酬。     

发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡血液生化指标和免疫性能的影响

试验旨在研究添加不同比例发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡血液生化指标及其免疫性能的影响。选用14日龄健康黄羽肉鸡320只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡,Ⅰ组为空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、6%和9%发酵棉粕,研究不同添加量的发酵棉粕对肉仔鸡生长前期(14~28日龄)、中期(29~45日龄)、后期(46~65日龄)各阶段血液生化指标和免疫性能的影响。结果表明:①各试验组血清生化指标Ⅲ组变化最为明显。较Ⅰ组而言,Ⅲ组前、中、后期的总蛋白含量分别显著提高41.96%、52.57%、28.53%(P＜0.05);Ⅲ组前期的白蛋白含量极显著提高21.31%(P＜0.01),中、后期则显著提高18.10%、19.00%(P＜0.05);Ⅲ组中、后期Ca含量分别提高18.03%(P＜0.01)、51.23%(P＜0.05);Ⅲ组前、中期血清P含量分别显著提高34.55%、31.16%(P＜0.05),后期血清P含量极显著提高27.65%(P＜0.01);Ⅳ组后期总胆固醇含量较Ⅰ组显著降低21.22%(P＜0.05)。②较Ⅰ组而言,Ⅱ组后期IgA含量显著提高11.07%(P＜0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别极显著提高24.41%、13.07%(P＜0.01);Ⅱ组后期IgG含量显著提高15.27%(P＜0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别极显著提高28.09%、16.63%(P＜0.01);Ⅲ组后期IgM含量极显著提高26.02%(P＜0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅳ组分别显著提高11.13%、10.26%(P＜0.05)。③与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组前期脾脏指数显著提高55.86%(P＜0.05),Ⅳ组极显著提高75.17%(P＜0.01),Ⅳ组中、后期分别显著提高30.66%、44.68%(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组前期法氏囊指数显著提高28.08%(P＜0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组前、中期分别极显著提高69.23%、46.54%、39.74%、37.18%(P＜0.01),Ⅲ组后期显著提高64.71%(P＜0.05)。因此,添加6%发酵棉粕组在提高总蛋白、白蛋白、Ca、P、IgA、IgG、IgM、法氏囊指数都要优于3%、9%发酵棉粕组,而9%发酵棉粕组在降低胆固醇含量和提高脾脏指数方面优于3%、6%发酵棉粕组。     

饲粮添加不同水平果胶寡糖螯合锌对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和血清抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平果胶寡糖螯合锌(zinc-pectic oligosaccharide chelate,Zn-POS)对爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和血清抗氧化能力的影响。选用1日龄健康、体况较一致的AA肉仔鸡480只(公母各占1/2),根据体重一致原则随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。其中Ⅰ组为基础饲粮组;Ⅱ组为抗生素组,在基础饲粮中添加62.5 mg/kg黄霉素;Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组为Zn-POS组,在基础饲粮中分别添加300、600和900 mg/kg Zn-POS。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)1~21日龄,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组平均日增重显著提高(P0.05);与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组体重显著提高(P0.05)。22~42日龄,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组平均日增重显著提高(P0.05),Ⅳ组平均日采食量显著提高(P0.05)。1~42日龄,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅳ组平均日增重极显著提高(P0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅴ组平均日增重显著提高(P0.05),Ⅳ组平均日采食量显著提高(P0.05);Ⅱ组平均日增重极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01)。2)Ⅱ组法氏囊指数显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),但Ⅱ组血清中免疫球蛋白G水平显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。3)Ⅲ组血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅴ组血清过氧化氢酶活性显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅳ、Ⅴ组血清丙二醛含量显著低于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加Zn-POS能改善1~42日龄AA肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和血清抗氧化功能,以600 mg/kg添加水平较为适宜。     

Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharin on Growth Performance，Intestinal Microflora and Immune Function of Immunosuppression Broilers

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of different levels of Astragalus polysaccharin on growth performance,intestinal microflora and immune function of immunosuppression broilers.A total of 180 fast large yellow feather chickens with similar weight were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 3 replicates of 15 chicks in each replicate,group Ⅰ was fed with basal diet,free drinking water,groupsⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were add 200 mg/L water soluble florfenicol in the drinking water,medication for 6 days,then group Ⅱ was fed a basal diet,groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ were fed with basal diet supplemented with 500 and 1000 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharin,respectively.The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days,and the experiment lasted for 35 days.The results showed that compared with group Ⅱ,groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly improved the growth performance of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,enhanced the number of beneficial bacteria （Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium） in the gastrointestinal tract of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,reduced the number of harmful bacteria （Escherichia coli and Salmonella） in the gastrointestinal tract of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,improved the immune organs index and Newcastle disease antibody titer of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,decreased the serum contents of IL-10 and IFN-γ of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）.In conclusion,adding 500 and 1000 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharin in diet could eliminate immunosuppression effect of florfenicol test,improve the growth performance,adjust the intestinal micro ecological balance and ennhance the immune function of broilers.     

有机酸和精油复合微囊包被物对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究有机酸和精油复合微囊包被物(MOAEO)对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响。选取1日龄黄羽肉公鸡300只,随机分成5个组,每个组5个重复,每个重复12只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素组,在基础饲粮基础中添加30 mg/kg杆菌肽锌和6 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮中添加150、200、250 mg/kg的MOAEO。试验期70 d。结果表明:1)1~21日龄,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组平均日增重显著提高(P0.05),Ⅳ组料重比显著降低(P0.05),Ⅳ、Ⅴ组脾脏指数显著提高(P0.05),Ⅴ组血清尿酸含量显著降低(P0.05)。2)1~70日龄,与对照组相比,Ⅳ组料重比显著降低(P0.05),Ⅳ组脾脏指数显著提高(P0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅳ组血清总蛋白含量显著提高,Ⅱ、Ⅳ组血清尿酸含量显著降低(P0.05),Ⅳ组胸肌率和腿肌率显著提高(P0.05),Ⅳ组胸肌失水率显著降低(P0.05)。3)与抗生素组相比,饲粮添加MOAEO对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,肉鸡饲粮中添加MOAEO能改善肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标,MOAEO适宜添加量为200 mg/kg。     

复合微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、免疫性能和肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究复合微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、免疫性能和肠道菌群的影响。选取(30±2)日龄平均体重为(8.15±0.05)kg的莱芜黑猪断奶仔猪96头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复(公母各占1/2),每个重复4头猪。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂不添加任何益生菌和抗生素的基础饲粮;Ⅱ组为复合微生态制剂组,在基础饲粮中添加1.0‰肽菌素;Ⅲ组为抗生素组,在基础饲粮中添加500 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素;Ⅳ组为肽菌素和抗生素混用组,在基础饲粮中添加1.0‰肽菌素的同时添加200 mg/kg的喹乙醇和110 mg/kg的吉他霉素。预试期3 d,正试期28 d。结果表明,1)Ⅱ组平均日增重较Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别显著提高了13.16%、15.77%和10.66%(P0.05),F/G分别显著降低了8.54%、12.10%和6.50%(P0.05)。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组均显著降低了仔猪腹泻率(P0.05)。2)与Ⅰ和Ⅲ组相比,Ⅱ组肝脏指数和脾脏指数分别提高了12.13%、24.76%和14.60%、12.45%,血清免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白A含量分别提高了49.73%、37.50%和61.05%、46.67%,且差异均显著(P0.05)。3)与Ⅰ和Ⅲ组相比,Ⅱ组显著降低了胃和十二指肠内容物的p H(P0.05),且显著提高了盲肠和结肠中乳酸杆菌数量(P0.05)。由此可知,本试验条件下,饲粮添加1.0‰复合微生态制剂肽菌素可改善断奶仔猪生长性能,降低腹泻率,促进免疫器官的发育,提高血清中免疫球蛋白含量,增强仔猪免疫力,降低胃和十二指肠内容物p H,改善肠道菌群平衡。     

Effects of Wheat and Fermented Sesame Meal on Growth Performance，Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes in Broilers

This study was to investigate the effects of different proportions of wheat and fermented sesame meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes in broilers under the condition of adding exogenous enzymes in the diet.A total of 520 21-day-old broilers （fast）with an average body weight of （330±10）g were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 4 replicates in each group and each replicate contained 26 broilers. Broilers in the 5 groups were fed experimental diets containing 0 (control group),20% wheat +5% fermented sesame meal （group Ⅰ）,40% wheat +10% fermented sesame meal （group Ⅱ）,20% wheat + soybean meal （group Ⅲ） and 40% wheat + soybean meal （group Ⅳ）,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 3 days and the trial period lasted for 34 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,the ADG in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly decreased by 9.40%,7.15%,8.87%,5.46% （P＜0.05）,respectively,while the ADFI and F/G showed no significant differences （P＞0.05）.There were no significant differences on meat quality among all experimental groups（P＞0.05）, respectively, but group Ⅱ had better meat quality than others.Compared with the control group,the content of alanine aminotransferase in serum in groups Ⅲ, Ⅳ was significantly decreased by 30.10%,25.36% （P＜0.05）,but there were no significant differences in the contents of total protein,urea nitrogen and aspartate aminotransferase in serum in all experimental groups（P＞0.05）.In conclusion,under the experimental conditions,adding appropriate proportions of wheat and sesame meal could replace part of the corn and soybean meal in the diet,and the better supplementation level of wheat and fermented sesame meal was 40% and 10%,respectively.     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soybean meal replacement by fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.A total 400 23-day-old Yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others were fed the basal diets with the 3% (group Ⅰ),6% (group Ⅱ) and 9% (group Ⅲ) fermented rapeseed meal equal-nutritionally replacing the soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 43 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the ADG,ADFI and F/G of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ showed no significant differences (P>0.05);The ADG of group Ⅲ were 16.47% (P<0.05),15.03% (P<0.05) higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the F/G of group Ⅲ were 7.71% (P<0.05),4.27% (P>0.05) lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.② There were no significant differences in the pH₁,pH₂₄,meat color (L^*,a^*,b^*),cooking loss and tenderness of chest muscle among all groups(P>0.05);Compared with control group,the water loss rate of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the serum GLU content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 13.06%(P<0.05),8.12%(P>0.05) and 9.57%(P>0.05);The serum TP content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased by 2.50%(P>0.05),20.86%(P<0.05) and 33.92%(P<0.05);The serum GPT content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 7.99%(P>0.05),18.85%(P>0.05) and 26.98%(P<0.05).It was concluded that it would be feasible to replace the soybean meal with 3% to 9% fermented rapeseed meal in broiler feeding,and the optimum supplemental level of fermented rapeseed meal was 9%.     

发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响。选用23日龄黄羽肉公鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、6%和9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕。试验期43 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05);与试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重分别提高16.47%(P<0.05)、15.03%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低7.71%(P<0.05)和4.27%(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡胸肌的pH₁、pH₂₄、肉色(L^*、a^*、b^*)、蒸煮损失和嫩度差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡胸肌的失水率与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡血清中葡萄糖含量分别降低13.06%(P<0.05)、8.12%(P>0.05)和9.57%(P>0.05);总蛋白含量分别提高2.50%(P>0.05)、20.86%(P<0.05)和33.92%(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶含量分别降低7.99%(P>0.05)、18.85%(P>0.05)和26.98%(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加3%~9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕是可行的,其中添加9%发酵菜籽粕效果最好。     

Effects of Adding Okra on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Meat Quality and Digestive Enzymes Activity of Danzhou Chickens

The experiment was designed to study the effect of okra on the growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality and digestive enzymes activity of Danzhou chicken. 120 chicken with similar weight and 90 days old were selected randomly and divided into 5 groups with 3 replications per group and 8 chicken per replication. Control group was fed with basal diet,while chickens in groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed with the 0.5%,1.0%,1.5% and 2.0% okra added to basal diet,respectively. The trial lasted for 28 d. The results showed that compared with control group,the average daily gain of groupsⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P < 0.05),the F/G were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while group Ⅳ showed no significant significance with control group (P > 0.05);The slaughter weight, slaughter rate,eviscerated rate, half eviscerated rate and chest muscle weight of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P < 0.05).The slaughter weight of groupⅠ was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while other indexes were showed no significant difference with control group (P > 0.05).All slaughter performance indexes of group Ⅳ were showed no significant difference with control group (P > 0.05). The drip loss rate and shear force in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05),while the cooked meat rate and pH value were significantly increased (P < 0.05).The trypsin,lipase and amylase activity of pancreas,duodenum and jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05),while except lipase activity,group Ⅳ showed no significant difference with control group (P > 0.05). The results suggested that the addition of okra in the basal diet was 1.5% which could significantly improve the growth performance, slaughter performance,meat quality and digestive enzymes activity of Danzhou chicken.