基于高通量测序技术检测草地贪夜蛾病毒多样性

为探索草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda病毒的多样性,通过宏转录组和小RNA测序技术手段分析鉴定了自云南省采集的草地贪夜蛾田间自然种群携带的病毒类型。结果显示,宏转录组测序数据分析可比对得到14个病毒科,包括5个昆虫相关的病毒科,5个植物病毒科和4个细菌病毒科。昆虫相关的病毒分别属于杆状病毒科Baculoviridae、呼肠孤病毒科Reoviridae、分体RNA病毒科Partitiviridae、传染性软腐病病毒科Iflaviridae和弹状病毒科Rhabdoviridae,其中传染性软腐病病毒和分体RNA病毒为首次在草地贪夜蛾中报道。同时利用小RNA深度测序技术从草地贪夜蛾样品中检测到鳞翅目杆状病毒、分体RNA病毒和传染性软腐病病毒的序列,进一步验证了宏转录组的分析结果。表明利用高通量测序技术可初步揭示存在于草地贪夜蛾自然种群的昆虫病毒多样性。     

杆状病毒新的分类地位和书写方式

2020年10月ICTV更新了主要病毒名录，该文件新增了纳尔达病毒纲Naldaviricetes和勒乏病毒目Lefavirales。勒乏病毒目含中有包括杆状病毒科Baculoviridae在内的3个科，而杆状病毒科分为4个属：甲型杆状病毒属Alphabaculovirus、乙型杆状病毒属Betabaculovirus、丙型杆状病毒属Deltabaculovirus和丁型杆状病毒属Gammabaculovirus，该名录中杆状病毒科有85个主要种。根据ICTV网站病毒名称和种名的书写规范，杆状病毒的种名由其宿主昆虫的种名和病毒特性词（如nucleopolyhedrovirus和granulovirus）组成，其中宿主昆虫的属名首字母大写，其余字母均小写。病毒的种名（在用于系统分类时）书写全部用斜体，但其他情形时病毒名称（包括其宿主的属和种名）均采用正体书写。杆状病毒名称的缩写一般采用宿主属名和种名的前两位双字母＋病毒特性词缩写的方式，但16种传统杆状病毒的缩写仍沿用宿主的属名和种名首位单字母＋病毒特性词的缩写的方式。     

ICTV第九次报告以来的植物病毒分类系统

 本文结合国际病毒分类委员会(ICTV)第九次报告和官方网站公布的2011、2012、2013病毒分类系统,介绍了植物病毒3个目、23个科、3个亚科、103个属、1 169种的最新分类系统,较第八次报告新增了2个目、5个科、3个亚科、22个属共406种。同时还介绍了亚病毒感染因子的类病毒和病毒卫星分类的变化。     

国际病毒分类委员会(ICTV) 2017分类系统与第九次分类报告的比较及数据分析

 本文结合国际病毒分类委员会(ICTV)第九次报告和ICTV官方网站公布的2017版分类系统,比较了二者的差异;同时就2017版分类系统的数据进行了全面分析,包括不同核酸类型病毒的种类和比例,植物病毒的种类和比例,以及2017版分类系统中几个值得关注的问题。     

番茄灼烧病毒属——番茄上新发现的一类植物类小RNA病毒

番茄灼烧病毒(170mato torrado virus,ToTV)、番茄顶点坏死病毒(Tomato apex necrosis virus,TOANV)和蕃茄枯萎病毒(Tomato marchitez virus,ToMarV)是近几年来在番茄上发现的一类植物类小RNA病毒,分别引起番茄"灼烧病"(torrado disense)和"枯萎病"(marchitez disease).该类病毒粒体形态是一种直径约为28 nm的等轴多面体病毒.其基因组是由两个长度分别约为7 kb(RNA1)和5 kb(RNA2)的ssRNA分子组成.ICTV植物类小RNA病毒研究小组最近把它们归为一个新的植物病毒属,即番茄灼烧病毒属(Torradovirus).本文就这类病毒的生物学、分子生物学特征分别作简单介绍.     

ICTV最新十五级分类阶元病毒分类系统中的植物病毒

 本文报告了国际病毒分类委员会(ICTV)于2020年3月批准的最新2019病毒分类系统,全面采用了十五级分类阶元,分别为:域、亚域、界、亚界、门、亚门、纲、亚纲、目、亚目、科、亚科、属、亚属、种。寄主为植物的病毒包括了植物病毒和亚病毒感染因子(类病毒、卫星病毒和卫星核酸)。植物病毒共有1 608种,涉及2个域、3个界、8个门、13个纲、16个目、31个科、8个亚科、132个属、3个亚属。亚病毒感染因子包括33种类病毒,涉及2个科、8个属;6种卫星病毒,涉及4个属;142种卫星核酸,涉及2个科、2个亚科和13个属。     

最新植物病毒属名一览表

从 1 995年ＩＶＴＣ第六个国际病毒分类报告至今 ,植物病毒的分类有了非常大的进展 :2 0 0 0年的第七个国际病毒分类报告中列出的植物病毒科从 1 995年的 1 0个增加到了1 5个 ,植物病毒属从 45个增加到了 73个 ,其中已归科的属从 3 1个增加到了 49个 ,未归到科的属从当时的 1 4个增加到了 2 4个 ,本文列出 71个植物病毒属的基因组、所属科、代表种的情况 ,另外两个属Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｖｉｒｕｓ(Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｖｉｒｉｄａｅ )和Ｍｅｔａｖｉｒｕｓ属(Ｍｅｔａｖｉｒｉｄａｅ)没有被列入表中 ,将对他们的特性作另外描述。植物病毒属名一览表Ｇｅ…     

山茶褪绿矮缩伴随病毒杭州分离物的序列和进化分析

正双生病毒(Geminivirus)是一类基因组为单链环状DNA的植物病毒,具有孪生的病毒粒子。国际病毒分类委员会(International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses,ICTV)最新的分类报告将双生病毒分为9个属[1]。随着测序技术的发展,利用小RNA或转录组测序可鉴定植物中的已知和未知病毒,新的双生病毒也不断被发现和鉴定[2]。山茶褪绿矮缩伴随病毒(Camellia chlorotic dwar     

贵州南部南方水稻黑条矮缩病发生特点及防治措施

南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Southern rice blackstreaked dwarf virus,SRBSDV)是呼肠孤病毒科(Reoviridae)斐济病毒属(Fijivirus)第2组的一个新种[1].2001年首次在广东阳西县发现[2].此后,发生范围不断扩大,为害日趋严重.     

ICTV第八次报告的最新植物病毒分类系统

 本文介绍了国际病毒分类委员会第八次报告中的最新植物病毒分类系统18个科、81个属,以及亚病毒感染因子的类病毒和病毒卫星。与第七次报告相比新增的3个科、9个属分别是:矮缩病毒科、芜菁黄花叶病毒科、线形病毒科、番茄伪曲顶病毒属、香蕉束顶病毒属、塞尔病毒属、内源RNA病毒属、葡萄斑点病毒属、柑橘病毒属、葡萄卷叶病毒属、温州蜜柑矮缩病毒属、樱桃锉叶病毒属。     

Sequence analysis of 43-year old samples of Plantago lanceolata show that Plantain virus X is synonymous with Actinidia virus X and is widely distributed

Plantain virus X was first recognized by the ICTV as a species in the genus Potexvirus in 1982. However, because no sequence was available for plantain virus X (PlVX), abolishing the species was proposed to the Flexiviridae working group of the ICTV in 2015. This initiated efforts to sequence the original isolates from Plantago lanceolata samples. Here we report the full-genome sequencing of two original isolates of PlVX, which demonstrate that the virus is synonymous to Actinidia virus X, a species previously reported from kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.) and blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum). PlVX was previously noted to be widespread in the UK in P. lanceolata. This report additionally presents novel data on the distribution and diversity of PlVX, collected at the same site as the original UK isolates, and from three independent surveys, two in the Netherlands and one in Belgium. This study also includes two new host records for PlVX, Browallia americana and Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper), indicating the virus is more widespread and infects a broader range of hosts than previously reported. This stresses the importance of surveys of noncultivated species to gain insight into viral distribution and host range. This study also demonstrates the value of generating sequence data for isolates retained in virus collections. Additionally, it demonstrates the potential value in prepublication data sharing for giving context to virus detections such as the four independent studies here which, when combined, give greater clarity to the identity, diversity, distribution, and host range of plantain virus X.     

Historical virus isolate collections: An invaluable resource connecting plant virology’s pre-sequencing and post-sequencing eras

Many laboratories maintain historical collections of preserved plant virus isolates that store a wealth of untapped data, including original type isolates, studied in the pre-sequencing era. Currently, many recently recognized virus species exist with no supporting reference sequences. Also, many virus sequences appear new when compared to available sequences, but, on sequencing pre-sequencing era isolates, they may coincide. Such linkages allow access to data from previously determined biological and other parameters from pre-sequencing era studies. These linkages are increasingly being found using high-throughput sequencing, helping clarify virus taxonomy and improving understanding of virus ecology and evolution. Thus, mistakes can be avoided in naming viruses and in combining or separating them, as well as enabling identification of unknown viruses preserved long ago. With well-established viruses, success in dating and other evolutionary studies, and discovery of changes in regional virus populations, both depend upon comparisons between recent and old isolate sequences covering the greatest possible time periods. Such studies help reveal the extent that human activities have influenced virus evolution and changed virus populations on a global scale. Sequencing virus genomes from herbarium specimens, archaeological specimens, or living plant collections can provide complementary data. By bringing context to newly detected viruses and supporting plant pest risk analyses, linking new virus discoveries to previously generated disease symptom, host range, virus transmission, and geographical distribution data has important implications for plant health regulation. Also, historical isolates can provide an invaluable resource facilitating biosecurity investigations involving virus introductions, entry pathways, and baseline surveillance.     

从海南省杂草胜红蓟和假马鞭上检测到粉虱传双生病毒

 利用三抗体夹心ELISA(TAS-ELISA)及PCR检测的方法对采自海南的胜红蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)和假马鞭(Stachytarphetajamaicensis)的5个病样进行了检测,表明均为粉虱传双生病毒。PCR扩增产物克隆后进行序列测定,结果表明存在2类双生病毒,其中样品Hn2存在2类病毒的复合侵染。这是在海南首次报道存在有粉虱传双生病毒。     

Identification and incidence of virus diseases of Capsicum annuum in the Lusaka Province of Zambia

Commercial capsicum fields in Lusaka Province were surveyed for the presence of viruses during 1996-01/06. The survey demonstrated the occurrence of five viruses in 13 fields. Virus identification was based on field disease syndrome, host range studies, DAS-ELISA and electron microscopy. The identified viruses were alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV), potato Y potyvirus (PVY), tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV), cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) and pepper mild mottle tobamovirus (PMMV). The most prevalent and widespread virus, recovered from 70% of the surveyed fields, was AMV, and this was followed by PVY and TMV, which were detected in 50% and 40% of the fields respectively. CMV and PMMV were less common and occurred in 30% of fields. The study also showed that PVY could infect capsicum plants alone or in combination with CMV or TMV. The average plant infections caused by AMV was 80–100% and by TMV and PVY 50% and 60% respectively. The disease incidence in the case of CMV was 15–60% and for PMMV 30–40%. This is a first report on the identification of viruses that infect capsicum in Zambia.     

西藏昌都市卡若区蔬菜主要病毒检测及番茄斑萎病毒鉴定

为明确西藏昌都市卡若区高原条件下的蔬菜主要病毒种类, 对温室、大棚和露地栽培的主要蔬菜进行了病毒病调查, 采集典型病毒病症状样品进行ELISA检测, 明确病毒种类; 并利用电子显微镜观察, RT-PCR扩增克隆与测序分析对主要病毒进行鉴定分析。ELISA检测结果表明, 西藏昌都市卡若区温室及大棚栽培的番茄、辣椒和莴苣上的主要病毒有番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV)、马铃薯Y病毒(potato virus Y, PVY)及凤果花叶病毒(pepino mosaic virus, PepMV)。其中TSWV检出率最高, 为45%。进一步对检出TSWV的蔬菜样品进行电子显微镜观察, 发现其中含有典型的正番茄斑萎病毒属Orthotospovirus病毒粒体, 应用TSWV-N基因特异性引物进行RT-PCR扩增克隆和序列分析, 发现西藏昌都市卡若区蔬菜感染的TSWV与云南TSWV分离株亲缘关系最近。本研究结果明确了西藏昌都市卡若区蔬菜的主要病毒种类。综合抗体检测、病毒粒体形态观察与分类相关基因的克隆测序结果, 明确了西藏昌都市卡若区蔬菜感染的主要病毒为TSWV。这也是TSWV在西藏的首次报道, 为了解TSWV的发生分布及其防控提供了依据。