海洋岛渔场秋汛对虾渔获量预报的研究

秋汛对虾渔获量预报是为渔业生产服务的一项重要研究工作，在海洋鸟渔场开展对虾增殖放流的进程中，积累了渔获量预报的系统资料，不断总结完善了预报方法，并在每年秋汛做出渔获量预报，有效地指导了增殖放流对虾的回捕生产。     

长江口外表层盐度预报方法初探

本文运用正交经验函数场分解法对长江口外表层盐度预报进行了初步探讨。采用了有较大实用意义的横序预报法。研究表明，用该方法对长江口外表层盐度进行预报，有较大的潜力和优越性。根据1975年4月至1978年6月，共35个站位的断面观测盐度资料找出35个与时间无关的本征矢量，且获得一组仅和时间有关的新资料序。利用这组资料给出了十九阶自回归预报模式进行了试报。任何一月的35个站的盐度偏差均可表示成35个本征矢量的线性组合，系数可由回归预报模式给出。实际预报中，只需取前6—8个相应大本征值的本征矢量来进行组合，就有足够的精度。     

渔情预报技术及模型研究进展

随着渔业资源的衰退和渔业生产成本的增加,渔业企业对于渔情预报的要求不断提高,渔情预报技术和模型的研究受到了越来越多地重视,已经成为渔场学研究的重点之一。渔情预报可分为关于资源状况的预报、关于时间的预报和关于空间的预报,各类预报对渔业生产和管理都具有重要的意义。本文结合国内外研究现状,简要概述了渔情预报的理论和方法,包括渔情预报相关的渔场学基础、数据模型和预报模型,重点介绍了基于统计和机器学习、人工智能方法的渔情预报模型,并对各种模型在渔情预报应用中的优势与缺陷进行了总结,最后针对渔情预报系统应用中存在的问题,对渔情预报研究提出了一些建议：建立专为渔业服务的海洋环境预报系统;进行长期和系统的渔业资源调查,并针对不同鱼种和海区对数据获取和处理方法进行标准化和规范化;借助随机模拟方法降低模型不确定性,提高预报精度。     

茅尾海白肉蚝采苗技术的研究

本对自肉蚝苗形成的环境条件进行了研究，并介绍自肉蚝苗的苗情预测预报及采集方法。     

实际种群分析法在绿鳍马面鲀资源评估中的应用和改进

从８０年代初年起，应用实际种群分析法和计算机编程每年对东海绿鳍马面Ｔｕｎ资源量及产量作估算和预报，在１０多年的工作中，利用计算机运算速度不断提高的优势，对评估方法逐步作了改进，根据捕捞方程采用迭代法直接求算捕捞死亡系数Ｆ值，利用反复迭代取消了初始值的估算，使得估算精度和计算便利性都有所提高。实践表明，评估预报结果对渔业生产和管理部门有一定的参考价值。     

网箱养殖大黄鱼溃疡病的预报模型

本文以舟山市网箱养殖大黄鱼Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson)为研究对象，根据对2001-2005年间网箱养殖大黄鱼发病情况的观察分析、养殖水域环境因子的监测及其收集的气象资料，对大黄鱼溃疡病的发生规律和养殖环境的状况进行了全面分析，结果表明大黄鱼溃疡病的发生不仅与季节有关，而且还与环境因子的状况密切相关。在此基础上，进一步研究了环境因子对大黄鱼溃疡病发生的影响程度和影响方式，筛选出与大黄鱼溃疡病发生密切相关的环境因子，从而建立了网箱养殖大黄鱼溃疡病发生的预报模型。经检验该模型对预报大黄鱼的溃疡病是否发生及发生的程度有高度显著的效果，用该模型对舟山市2005年大黄鱼溃疡病的发生情况进行了预报，预报的正确率达到81.2%。为能有效、适时地对发病季节大黄鱼疾病的控制，本文还同时给出了网箱养殖大黄鱼发病季节溃疡病的预报模型。     

韩国赤潮监测、预报体系及防治技术研究与应用概况

章根据作赴韩对韩国沿岸水域的赤潮状况。赤潮生物种类的鉴别、分离和培养，有毒甲藻的毒性，分子生物学在快速检测赤潮生物中的应用以及赤潮的监测、预报及防治对策等方面的考察，从韩国赤潮及渔业损失基本概况、韩国赤潮监测、预报中心、韩国赤潮预警及防治技术研究与应用，韩国赤潮相关学科的研究概况等方面简要概述了韩国赤潮监测，预报体系及防治技术研究与应用情况．并对我国赤潮监测、预报及防治技术研究提出了几点设想和建议。     

江苏省海洋预警报业务开始试运行

2009年3月30日江苏省海洋环境监测预报中心自主制作了第一份江苏省海洋环境预报产品，开始了海洋预警报业务试运行，面向省海洋与渔业局系统内部试发布江苏省海洋要素常规预报和海洋灾害预警报，内容包括江苏连云港、盐城、南通海域海浪、海温预报以及连云港、射阳港、吕四港港口海浪、海温和潮汐等的预报。这标志着江苏省海洋预警报体系建设取得了阶段性成果，实现了江苏省海洋预警报事业从无到有的突破。     

莱州湾海蜇资源预报方法的初步研究

本文根据1996年莱州湾海蜇资源调查结果,应用面积法对资源量和渔场进行了预报。渔业生产结果表明,这种预报方法是可行的,而且准确度较高。     

渤海对虾产量的灰色预测

本文提出了渤海对虾产量的灰色多变量模型,并以此模型对渤海对虾的相对产量进行了预报研究,与传统的多元回归模型预测相比较,用本文提出的方法,平均预报精度明显提高。     

广东鱼塭纳苗种类组成和纳苗量的季节变化

鱼塭即北方所谓“港”,是一种人工围海筑成的咸水和海水水塘,面积大小不一,广东沿海及河口地带,利用这种水体进行角、虾养殖极普遍。鱼塭养殖方法在我国已有300多年历史,到解放以后有了很大的发展。这种养殖所用的鱼、虾种苗,是依靠在适当时间开放闸门,利用涨潮时塭内外水位差,将塭外海水灌入塭内时引进去的。     

Climate‐induced response of commercially important flatfish species during the 20th century

The consequence of elevated ocean temperatures on commercial fish stocks is addressed using time series of commercial landings (1906–2004) and juvenile survey catch data (1904–2006) collected around Denmark. We analyze (i) whether warm‐water sole (Solea solea) has increased relative to Boreal plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and (ii) whether two related warm‐water species (turbot, Psetta maxima and brill, Scophthalmus rhombus) show similar responses to increasing temperature or, alternatively, whether turbot (which has a broader juvenile diet) has been favored. Since the early 1980s, both sole and turbot have constituted an increasing part of the commercial landings and survey catches, as compared with plaice and brill, respectively. These changes in species composition were linked to sea surface temperatures, Northern Hemisphere temperature anomalies (NHA) and the North Atlantic Oscillation. NHA was closely related and explained 43% of the observed variation in sole survey catches relative to the plaice catches and almost 38% of the observed variation in the sole landings relative to the plaice landings. For the less common species, turbot and brill, none of the global change indicators explained more than 15% of the variation, although all showed a positive relationship. Survey catch per unit effort increased significantly for both sole and turbot around the early 1980s, whereas catch per unit effort for plaice and brill remained constant. The results indicate that the abundance of warm‐water species is likely to increase with increasing temperature but also that species with similar life histories might react differently according to degree of specialization.     

帆张网渔获物组成及其多样性分析

根据2007年12月～2008年6月在东海北部和黄海南部海域调查所获取的资料,分析了帆张网作业渔获物组成及其多样性特征。结果显示,调查采获的鱼类41种,甲壳类22种,头足类3种。其中主要渔获物由小黄鱼（Pseudosciaena polyactis）、带鱼（Trichiurus haumela）、细条天竺鱼（Apogon lineatus）、太平洋褶柔鱼（Todarodes pacificus）、长枪乌贼（Loligo bleekeri）和细点圆趾蟹（Ovalipes punctatus）等10个种类组成,其质量占总样品质量的79.86%。对小黄鱼和带鱼进行体长和体质量组成分析得出,其幼鱼比例分别为97.20%和61.00%。物种种类丰度和多样性指数值显示,鱼类1月较高,而4、5和6月相对较低;甲壳类在5月较高,而4月相对较低。现行的帆张网渔获物中幼鱼比例较高,对经济幼鱼资源的损害较严重。     

渤海对虾死亡的研究

我们用各种方法估算了秋汛渤海对虾(Penaeus orientalis Kishinouye)的死亡值。总死亡系数的估算结果:用渔获尾数为相对资源量估计的10年平均旬死亡值,雌虾约0.25,雄虾约0.34;用y/f为相对资源量估计的12年旬平均死亡值,雌虾0.23,雄虾0.34;用世代分析(Pope 方法)估计的3年雌虾旬平均死亡值约0.30。交尾后部份雄虾死亡,我们找到了一个用性比资料估算雄虾交尾死亡的方法。估算结果,到10月末,雄虾交尾死亡系数约为0.65,并有陆续死亡现象,到12月初的累计死亡系数约1.05左右。我们在讨论了渤海秋汛对虾渔业的 F和f之间的关系后,认为当 f<1000,捕捞死亡随捕捞努力量的变化而变化;当f>1000,捕捞努力量的变化对捕捞死亡已无多大影响,所以渤海秋汛对虾渔业平均每 10天的捕捞死亡系数不能大于0.3。     

黄渤海区鳀鱼的分布、洄游和探察方法

日本鯷鱼Engraulis japonicus Temminck et Schlegel(以下简称鯷鱼)是黄、渤海的一种重要小型上层经济鱼类,资源丰富,在我国有悠久渔业历史。为了进一步开发利用这种资源,旅大水产公司在1956年进行了机动渔轮灯光诱捕鯷鱼的试验,1959年中央水产部黄海水产研究所在烟台-威海渔场进行了鯷鱼资源调查、捕捞技术和加工方法的试验。1960年山东省海洋水产研究所在烟台外海进行集鱼灯诱捕鯷鱼试验,在资源调查和捕捞技术方面,初步取得了一定的成绩和经验。我们还进行了群众渔业的访问调查,在总结群众经验的基础上,     

Catch forecasting and relationship between water temperature and catch fluctuations in snow crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chionoecetes opilio</Emphasis> in the western Sea of Japan

Catch forecasting and the relationship between water temperature and catch in the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio in the western Sea of Japan were investigated. Catch was used as an index of abundance on the basis of high correlations between catch per unit effort for the period when the latter data were available. The pattern of fluctuations, in catches and index coincided well with each other. Therefore, catch data were regarded as an index of abundance and the correlation coefficient between catch and water temperature was calculated at several depths from 1964 to 1999. Catch forecasting models were composed using significantly correlated variables with the following results: (i) in April and September, the catch showed high positive correlation with water temperatures (depth 50, 100, and 200 m, time lag 4–6 years); and (ii) a model using water temperatures in April alone (depth 100 m, time lag 4–7 years) forecasted the catches with a coefficient of determination of 0.504, where models using more variables (water temperatures in the 2 months and catches) showed a coefficient of 0.587 at most. Environmental conditions during the early life stages of the snow crab are thought to deeply influence the fluctuations, in abundance.     

Production Characteristics of All‐male and Mixed‐sex Giant River Prawns,Macrobrachium rosenbergii,Grown in Earthen Ponds in Kentucky and Mississippi USA

Production and population characteristics of monosex male (all‐male) giant river prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, were compared with a normal (mixed‐sex) population in separate studies in Mississippi and Kentucky (USA) under low and high density stocking conditions, respectively. In Study 1 (Mississippi), juvenile prawns were stocked into eight 0.05–0.06 ha ponds at 24,700/ha. The mean stocking weight of all‐male was 0.34 g and mixed‐sex was 0.39 g. Prawns were fed 23% crude protein “range cubes” and harvested after 120 d for the all‐male prawns and 112 d for mixed‐sex prawns. In Study 2 (Kentucky), juvenile prawns from each group were stocked into six 0.04 ha ponds at 60,000 juveniles per hectare. The mean stocking weight for all‐male was 0.38 g and for mixed‐sex juveniles was 0.34 g. Prawns were fed a commercial sinking pellet (33% protein) once daily at a standardized rate and harvested after 105 d. In both locations survival of mixed‐sex prawns and all‐male prawns was not significantly different and the final average weight of all‐male prawns was significantly greater than the average weight of mixed‐sex prawns. For the study in Kentucky, total production was not significantly different between treatments, whereas in Mississippi total production in the all‐male ponds was significantly higher than in the mixed‐sex ponds. For both studies, the production size index of all‐male prawns was significantly greater than that of mixed‐sex prawns. In terms of population structure, in all‐male ponds there was a significant increase in orange claw (OC) males compared with the mixed‐sex ponds both as a percent of sex and a percent of total population. The increase in OC numbers in all‐male populations may be due to a lack of females to stimulate the transition of males to the final, sexually mature, blue claw stage. As target weights increase from 20, 30, and 40 g, the all‐male populations were increasingly superior in terms of production (kg/ha) of those target sizes. The economic benefit of all‐male over mixed‐sex populations will be principally based on an examination of tradeoffs that primarily consider the cost difference of juveniles relative to the price differences for different final harvest weights.     

底拖网回捕增殖对虾对经济幼鱼的损害

1984～1986年在山东南部沿海八大港湾同步增殖放流体长3cm以上的虾苗14.9116亿尾,累计回捕增殖对虾1.4亿尾,平均回捕率为9.4％,其中拖网回捕增殖对虾累计为1184.7t,但损害的七种经济幼鱼累计为4402t,应引起重视这一问题。     

Habitat use by age-0 yellow perch in two South Dakota glacial lakes

Abstract– We determined the habitat use of age-0 yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ) in two South Dakota (USA) lakes. Larval perch abundance was based on trawl catches and related to environmental variables on two late spring dates. Juvenile perch abundance was based on late July shoreline seine and bottom trawl catches. Day and night juvenile abundance relations to environmental variables were examined. Larval abundance appeared to be related to biological environmental variables, and no significant (P≥0.05) correlations with physical habitat variables were found. Juvenile yellow perch abundance was related to physical variables, particularly substrate, water temperature and water depth. The only biological variable that could be related to juvenile abundance was chironomid abundance. Finally, juvenile perch abundance was positively associated with abundance of other juvenile fishes and minnows, but these associations varied by lake, time of day and habitat type. Understanding age 0 perch habitat use will allow fishery biologists to better assess sampling designs and recruitment processes.     

Effect of ration size and feeding frequency on the growth and food conversion of juvenile Penaeus merguiensis de Man

When juvenile Penaeus merguiensis were fed four times daily they increased in weight more rapidly and utilized their food more efficiently than when fed once per day. The maximum ration for prawns given a commercial dry pellet was approximately 12.0% of the wet body weight per day and changed very little as the prawns grew from 0.5 to 1.3 g in indoor culture. Food conversion efficiency declined with increasing weight and ration size but the relative loss in efficiency was least when rations were maintained near to the maximum. Evidence is presented for the existence of a negative K-line relationship in P. merguiensis.