东濮凹陷北部地区古近系油型气成因类型及分布特征

以热压模拟实验模拟东濮凹陷干酪根热裂解和原油热裂解过程,分析干酪根热裂解气和原油裂解气组分特征的差异,以此建立干酪根热裂解成因气和原油裂解成因气的判识方法;结合东濮凹陷北部地区天然气碳同位素及天然气组分数据,对研究区油型气进行划分,进而探讨干酪根热裂解气与原油裂解气的分布特征。结果表明,研究区古近系油型气分为干酪根热裂解气与原油裂解气,干酪根热裂解气具有相对较高的C1/C2值和较低的C2/C3值特征,而原油裂解气则与之相反。干酪根热裂解气和原油裂解气的分布存在明显差异:前者分布范围更广,后者更近于洼陷中心分布,两者分布的差异性与其生成及成藏条件差异有关。根据干酪根热裂解气与原油裂解气分布特点,推测在邻近洼陷中心区具有良好的干酪根裂解成气及原油裂解成气的条件和油型气勘探前景。     

压力对原油裂解成气影响的对比模拟实验

通过在不同的实验体系(常压和20 MPa)进行的原油裂解成气模拟实验,对原油裂解成气过程和裂解气产率进行研究。结果表明:低速率长时升温相对高速率短时升温对原油裂解成气更有利;压力对原油裂解有抑制或延迟作用,压力条件下原油初始裂解时间滞后,原油裂解温度门限较高;压力可能抑制了重烃气C2-5向甲烷的二次裂解,20MPa下在高温阶(600～650℃)较常压有显著高的C2-5产率和低的干燥系数;加压环境下水参与了原油裂解反应,加压水体环境下原油转化率降低而总产气率、重烃气C2-5产率和二氧化碳产率升高;二氧化碳和重烃气C2-5质量产率变化规律和形成机制比较接近;总裂解气主生气期在425～650℃,对应Ro约为1.5%～2.4%。     

原油裂解气和干酪根裂解气的判识

中国中西部的叠合盆地中,下古生界海相烃源岩已达高过成熟阶段,但却发现大量与之有关的原油裂解气.因此,如何区分原油裂解气和干酪根裂解气,成了一个亟需解决的问题.从天然气组分和轻烃组分切入,应用ln(C2/C3)-ln(C1/C2)判识模式及δ13C2-δ13C3与ln(C2/C3)判识模式认为四川盆地川东地区石炭系气藏为原油裂解气,而塔里木盆地轮南断垒和中部斜坡的气藏为干酪根裂解气.根据对典型干酪根和原油裂解气的分析,结合热模拟分析结果,提出了3项轻烃判识原油裂解气和干酪根裂解气界限值指标.     

塔里木盆地塔东英南2气藏气源分析

英南2凝析气藏天然气属富氮湿气,烃类气体体积分数一般为78.86%~87.67%;甲烷68.92%~76.67%,重烃气体为9.17%~14.01%,非烃气体氮气为13.89%~21.07%,甲烷和乙烷的碳同位素分别为-38.6‰~-36.2‰和-30.9‰~-34.7‰.根据天然气组分、天然气碳同位素的特征,认为英南2凝析气藏的天然气来源于高过成熟的下古生界海相寒武系—下奥陶统腐泥型干酪根形成的原油裂解气,同时应用ln(C2/C3)-ln(C1/C2)及δ13C2-δ13C3与ln(C2/C3)判识模式也印证了英南2气藏气源为原油裂解气,气藏凝析油中存在高含量的金刚烷,指示原油经历了裂解,裂解程度为80%~90%.     

东营凹陷北部深洼带天然气成因类型的鉴别分析

东营凹陷北部深洼带发现了一系列高产天然气流,成为富油凹陷油气勘探的重要突破,它们是源岩热解气还是原油裂解气,成为勘探家争论的问题。通过民丰地区发现的天然气地质和地球化学分析,特别是烃源岩和原油生气的模拟实验,发现两种成因天然气的鉴别标志,源岩热解气,ln(CC5/nC6)<-1、(MCC5+CC6)/nC6<0.8、(CC5+MCC5+CC6)/(nC5+nC6)<0.5、DMCC5/CC5>0.6和甲苯/苯>1.1,而原油裂解气与之相反;民丰天然气主要来自沙四段烃源岩热解气,其次来自原油裂解气。     

川东地区五百梯构造天然气运聚成藏史模拟研究

利用二维盆地模拟软件BasinMod 2 D对四川盆地东部地区五百梯构造石炭系天然气的运聚成藏史进行了模拟。剖面模拟研究表明 ,志留系烃源岩分别于 2 10Ma前和 171Ma前开始进入生油、气门限 ,在 180～16 5Ma及 16 9～ 15 9Ma时处于生油、气高峰 ;于 175Ma前及 16 7Ma前进入排油、气门限 ,在 170～ 15 0Ma和16 6～ 16 1Ma处于排油、气高峰阶段。气藏内的油气运聚史可分为 3个阶段 :第一阶段为 172～ 16 5Ma ,原油首先在古隆起中聚集 ,形成古油藏 ;第二阶段为 16 5～ 16 0Ma ,源岩排出的天然气驱替已聚集的原油 ,形成古油气藏 ;第三阶段为 15 0～ 135Ma,原油裂解为天然气 ,形成古气藏     

塔东北孔雀河地区天然气来源分析

孔雀河地区经历了复杂的构造变动和演化,地质条件非常复杂,对油气成藏条件特别是油气成因一直存在着争议.通过目前已发现的天然气藏的天然气组成特征分析、氮气成因分析、气体碳同位素分析等,探讨了孔雀河地区各个区带重点探井天然气成因.孔雀河地区天然气的甲烷、乙烷同位素组成具有典型的腐泥型天然气同位素组成特点,推算的天然气源岩的Ro值与寒武系和下奥陶统源岩Ro值大致相等,天然气形成温度大于190℃,综合分析认为孔雀河地区天然气主要是来自下古生界寒武系-下奥陶统原油高温裂解气.     

长岭断陷南部地区断陷层油气成藏机制及勘探潜力

利用天然气组成、轻烃指纹、碳同位素和生物标志化合物以及储层流体包裹体等地球化学特征,结合地质条件以及生烃史-热史模拟研究长岭断陷南部的龙凤山地区油气成因及成藏过程,揭示其油气成藏机制。结果表明:龙凤山地区断陷层天然气属于腐殖型和腐泥型的混合气,且为裂解气和干酪根热降解气组成的混合气,油气源主要为本地的沙河子组烃源岩,原油成熟度低于天然气,为同一油源不同热演化阶段的产物,属于次生凝析气藏,成藏表现为"近源多向供烃,复合输导,早期干酪根热降解成气与晚期原油裂解成气"的多期成藏模式;长岭南部地区发育优质烃源岩、营城组末期形成的反转构造提供了圈闭条件,具备较好油气输导条件、存在多期油气充注,油气勘探潜力大。     

油气藏内烃类再运移及原油性质的改造

在油气藏形成之后所经历的地史过程中,构造运动使其圈闭条件有不同程度的改变,油气藏中的烃类发生再运移,从而造成油气藏的破坏一再形成,或者使其遭到彻底破坏。油气藏的变化使烃类的性质也产生变化,如生物降解使用使原油稠化,或地热作用使其发生热裂解而成气。对３种油进行的热裂解成气模拟实验结果表明,地温条件、压力和时间对原油裂解成气均有明显的影响。对克拉玛仪油田和孤岛油田原油中细菌成活情况的检测结果表明,细菌     

辽河探区西部凹陷原油溶解气逸出及其成藏意义

通过辽河探区西部凹陷原油溶解气油比变化特征及其与原油密度关系,分析了原油溶解气逸出量分布与油气成藏的关系.原油溶解气油比一般随深度增加而增大,随深度变浅而降低,与原油密度有较好的相关性.依据原油密度与原油溶解气油比相关的数学模型确定了单位质量原油溶解气逸出量及其分布特征.凹陷内部的单位质量原油溶解气逸出量相对较小,但保存条件好,有利于气藏的形成;而凹陷边缘单位质量原油溶解气逸出量一般较高,但保存条件差,对天然气成藏不利.     

Mass balance calculation of the pyrolysates generated from marine crude oil： A prediction model of oil cracking gas resources based on solid bitumen in reservoir

Oil cracking gas plays an important role in the resources of natural gas in the basins with high and over mature marine source rocks in China. The prediction of the oil cracking gas resources becomes nec-essary and urgent in the gas exploration in these basins. A marine crude oil sample was pyrolyzed using sealed gold tubes system. The pyrolysates including gas,liquid and solid were quantitatively analyzed. Based on the pyrolysis data and kinetic calculation,the yield correlativity among gas,liquid and solid products was regressed with high correlative coefficients to establish a prediction model suitable for the resource estimation of oil cracking gas. The verification formula for this model was also established on the principle of mass conservation. The affecting factors and the application precondi-tions of this prediction model were discussed. This model would enlighten and provide some new ideas for the resource assessment of natural gas in the high and over mature marine carbonate source rock areas in China. It is expected to be valuable in gas exploration.     

川东飞仙关组烷烃气碳同位素特征与成因分析

飞仙关组作为川东主力气层,陆续已经发现了普光、毛坝、东岳寨、渡口河等一系列大中型气藏,展示了极其重要的战略地位。目前常规的组成分析方法已经不能满足该层天然气类型及成因的判别要求。通过分析烷烃气碳同位素特征,判识天然气类型、分析其成因机制。实验分析显示部分样品C_1~C_3烷烃气的碳同位素比值呈δ~(13)C_1δ~(13)C_2δ~(13)C_3分布(倒转),显示为多源、多期天然气混入。同时根据C_1/C_2+C_3与δ~(13)C_1及ln(C_1/C_2)与In(C_2/C_3)的值域变化特征,最终判断川东大多气藏以原油裂解气为主,混入一定的煤型气。川东飞仙关组古油藏于晚侏罗世沉积期,其埋藏深度介于5 300~8 200 m之间,油藏温度普遍超过150℃,油发生热裂解,生成烷烃气及沥青,持续时间大于30 Ma。     

Two accumulation modes of marine-origin natural gas in the Tarim Basin

HeUanhe gas field, Lungudong gas field and Tazhong gas field are marine marine-origin natural gas reservoirs in the craton area in the Tarim Basin. The natural gas is generated from Cambrian source rocks. The simulation experiment indicated that the cracking of the dispersedly dissoluble organic matter remaining in the source rocks is the main origin of marine natural gas. There are two modes to form gas reservoirs, one is the dry gas reservoir such as HeUanhe gas field, in which gas accumulated on the fault belt with violent tectonic movement, the other is condensate gas reservoir formed on the inheriting uplift such as Lunnan and Tazhong gas fields. The hybrid simulation experiment of cracking gas and crude oil indicated that crude oil accumulated on a large scale in those uplift belts at the early stage, and natural gas filled the ancient oil reservoir at the late stage, and the gas reservoirs were formed after the gas mixed with the crude oil.     

Oil cracking to gases： Kinetic modeling and geological significance

A Triassic oil sample from LN14 of Tarim Basin was pyrolyzed using the sealed gold tubes at 200-620℃under a constant pressure of 50 MPa. The gaseous and residual soluble hydrocarbons were analyzed. The results show that the cracking of oil to gas can be divided into two distinct stages: the primary generation of total C1-5 gases from liquid oil characterized by the dominance of C2-5 hydrocarbons and the secondary or further cracking of C2-5 gases to methane and carbon-rich matters leading to the progressive dryness of gases. Based on the experimental data, the kinetic parameters were determined for the primary generation and secondary cracking of oil cracking gases and extrapolated to geological conditions to predict the thermal stability and cracking extent of crude oil. Finally, an evolution model for the thermal destruction of crude oil was proposed and its implications to the migration and accumulation of oil cracking gases were discussed.     

Oil cracking： An important way for highly efficient generation of gas from marine source rock kitchen

The potentials of gas generation by kerogen in the late period and by crude oil cracking are closely related to the origin of natural gas in the high- to over mature marine area and their exploration perspectives. The carbon structure of kerogens, with different types and at different evolution stages, have been experimentally studied using the high magnetic field solid ^13C nuclear magnetic resonance technique in order to determine the oil and gas potential of kerogens. Results show that the contents of gas potential carbon（GPC） of types Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ kerogens at the high- to over mature stage are very low, indicating their weak gas-generating capacity and limited gas production; however, the content of oil potential carbon（OPC） of the low mature type Ⅰ kerogen is much higher, implying that a large amount of crude oil generated during the oil-generating period will be the material for later gas generation by oil cracking. The kinetic experiment of gas generation by crude oil cracking shows that, when the temperature is about 160℃（R0=1.6%）, the crude oil will start to produce large amounts of gas; the temperature range for major gas generation of crude oil is higher than that of the kerogens, and the gas production is 2 to 4 times higher than that of kerogens. The natural gas derived from oil cracking （called oil-cracked gas） is much abundant in methyl hexamethylene, which is quite different from the natural gas produced by thermal degradation of kerogens （named kerogen degradation gas） at high- to over mature stage.     

渤海湾盆地天然气聚集带特征及形成条件

根据渤海湾富油盆地天然气的分布特征,探讨了该盆地主要天然气聚集带的地质特征及形成条件。该盆地较大规模的天然气聚集带均与石炭 二迭系煤成气有关;油型气聚集带主要是石油沿断裂向上运移过程中溶解气析离形成的浅层次生气。天然气聚集带的分布受二级构造带背景控制,主要天然气聚集带可归为隆起带型、凸起型、斜坡带型、断阶带型等。继承性发育的构造背景、有利的气源条件、良好的封盖保存等是控制天然气聚集带形成的主要地质因素     

广西百色盆地油气勘探潜力分析

根据圈闭成因分类法,将盆地油气藏类型划分为构造油气藏、地层—岩性油气藏和复合油气藏三大类型及七种亚类型。油气藏类型受盆地不同的含油气结构层系控制,油藏主要围绕盆地主力生油凹陷呈环带分布,盆地不同构造带发育不同的油气藏类型。盆地资源探明率仅16.8%,还有可观的油气勘探潜力。盆地可划分为六个聚油单元,按各个单元的剩余资源潜力的分析,东部坳陷中央断凹—南部斜坡和西部坳陷是盆地今后勘探主要接替区带。     

高青地区油气藏类型和分布特征

以渤海湾盆地东营凹陷西南缘陡坡与青城凸起过渡地区的高青油气田为例,分析了凹陷与凸起边缘地区的油气藏类型及其分布特征。研究区油气藏类型丰富多样,尤以地层圈闭油气藏发育为特征。除砂岩油气藏外,还存在大量火成岩油气藏。不同构造单元的成藏机制、油气藏类型及油气分布特征表现出明显差异,油气主要沿凹陷与凸起之间的高青大断裂富集,呈条带状分布;而远离大断裂,油气的富集程度急剧变差。研究区的油气藏类型及分布特征在渤海湾盆地凹陷边缘地区具有一定的代表性