中国油气二次运移的研究现状及展望

油气二次运移是石油地质学研究的重要内容,同时也是个受多种因素制约、涉及多学科的复杂问题。近年来,人们从不同角度探讨了油气二次运移的机理,提出了多种研究油气二次运移的方法(除了地质方法外,还包括地球化学、物理、地球物理、实验模拟及数值模拟等方法),特别是在油气二次运移的数值模拟方面取得了重要的进展。     

我国海相碳酸盐岩层系石油地质基本特征及含油气远景

中国海相碳酸盐岩层系经历了三大沉积构造演化阶段:早古生代海相碳酸盐岩层系演化阶段,晚古生代海相及海陆过渡相演化阶段,中新生代海相碳酸盐岩层系改造阶段.三大阶段造就了中国海相碳酸盐岩层系具有上、下油气组合.与国外海相沉积盆地和国内陆相沉积盆地相比,我国海相碳酸盐岩层系具有形成时间早,热演化程度高,经历了长期演化和复杂的生烃与成藏过程,勘探目的层埋藏深等特点.海相碳酸盐岩层系油气富集明显受控于以下几个方面:有效烃源岩发育与空间分布;优质盖层的发育与分布.尤其是膏盐岩的分布:有利储集相带发育与分布.同时,我国大中型海相碳酸盐岩层系油气田往往发育于沉积盆地古隆起、古斜坡及构造活动枢纽部位.目前我国大中型油气田的勘探前景主要应聚焦在海相碳酸盐岩层系发育的塔里木盆地、四川盆地及周缘、鄂尔多斯盆地.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气资源丰富,具备形成大中型油气田的物质基础.在保存条件良好和有利油气聚集的部位仍可发现大规模的油气田,勘探潜力巨大.     

油气二次运移和聚集实验模拟研究现状与发展

实验模拟是油气二次运程和聚集研究的重要手段和方法，几十年来，许多学者进行了大量的模拟实验研究，确定了油气二次运移和聚集的一些机理，深化了油气成藏和分布的认识，目前实验模型主要有一维模型、二维模型、三维模型和微观模型，油气二次运移和聚集实验模拟的发展趋势主要表现在：（1）研究内容不断深入，由单纯的机理研究向为数值模拟提供参数以及实际油气藏成藏动力学模拟发展；（2）研究方法不断改进，实现宏观与微观实验模拟以及实验模拟与数值模拟的结合；（3）实验设备更趋于先进，实验模型向大型化、多功能化和自动化方向发展，观测手段也日趋现代化。     

油气二次运移和聚集实验模拟研究现状与发展

实验模拟是油气二次运移和聚集研究的重要手段和方法。几十年来，许多学者进行了大量的模拟实验研究，确定了油气二次运移和聚集的一些机理，深化了油气成藏和分布和认识。目前实验模型主要有一维模型，二维模型，三维模型和微观模型。油气二次运移和聚集实验模拟的发展趋势主要表现在：（１）研究内容不断深入，由单纯的机理研究向为数值模拟提供参数以及实际油气藏成藏动力学模拟发展；（２）研究方法不断改进，实现宏观与微观实验     

我国油气运移的研究现状与展望

我国油气运移研究现状具有下列特点 :(1)瞄准世界科技前缘 ,加强油气运移基础理论研究 ;(2 )应用高科技新技术研究油气运移 ;(3)综合运用地温场、地压场、地应力场研究油气运移 ,探讨了油气成藏动力学机理 ;(4 )综合地震、测井、地质等多学科信息研究流体势 ;(5 )油气运移地球化学研究有了显著进展 ;(6 )油气田勘探开发过程中油气二次运移研究有了可喜的开端 ;(7)我国油气运移研究队伍日益壮大。鉴于油气运移是一个技术难度较大的研究领域 ,问题复杂 ,在今后的研究工作中 ,要进一步加强基础理论研究 ,紧密联系实际 ,为油气勘探开发服务     

恢复古水动力场定量研究油气运聚

为了更好地对油气二次运移进行定量研究,探讨重建古水动力场方法。以压实为机制,建立了适用于深埋环境的上下供水的层流动方程,提出边界确定方法,采用盆地模拟技术,利用有限单元法求各地质时期古水头的数值解,重现古水动力场演化。以此为基础,可编制盆地各地质历史时期反映油气运移的油、气、水势等值线图,以此直观判断油气运移方向。应用这一方法,对四川盆地阳新统进行了以46个节点为基础的实际模拟评价,获得各地质历史时期油气聚集分区图,为优选勘探区带提供依据。     

油气运移计算机动态模拟方法研究及其应用

文章论述如何基于合理的机制概念建立一个描述油气二次运移和聚集的数值模拟系统。考虑多方面的控制因素，根据多相流体渗流力学理论，结合盆地演化过程，建立并求解油水二相数值模型，获得油气运移聚集史的定量模拟结果。最后给出一个应用于海拉尔盆地的实例。     

胜北洼陷油气运聚定量模拟

目的探究应用盆地模拟技术在油气运移主要路径上寻找有利的圈闭。方法应用油藏地化和盆地模拟相结合的研究方法,分不同成藏期次对胜北洼陷主要目的层系的油气运聚进行模拟。结果胜北洼陷早、晚主要成藏期均有3条油气运聚的主要路径,但具体方位有所差异。其中早期运聚路径对后期油气运聚影响较大。结论该模拟技术的应用,为研究逆断层发育盆地的油气运移提供了一条新思路,也为油田目标勘探提供了一套快速、行之有效的方法。     

油水二相准三维运移聚集模型在沾化凹陷的应用

油气资源二次运移聚集模拟通过模拟盆地油气资源的二次运移和聚集历史,来研究地下油气资源的分布规律,指示出有利勘探目标。采用“油水二相准三维运移聚集模型”,利用全国第二轮油气资源评价结果,对沾化凹陷沙三下段的油气资源进行模拟计算,并对计算结果进行了详细的分析,指出了油气有利的运移路径和方向,为沾化凹陷的地质研究提供了重要的科学依据。同时,采用不同的模拟参数进行计算,并研究了参数对计算结果的影响。     

油水二相准三维运移聚集模型在沾化凹陷的应用

油气资源二次运移聚集模拟通过模拟盆地油气资源的二次运移和聚集历史,来研究地下油气资源的分布规律,指示出有利勘探目标。采用“油水二相准三维运移聚集模型”,利用全国第二轮油气资源评价结果,对沾化凹陷沙三下段的油气资源进行模拟计算,并对计算结果进行了详细的分析,指出了油气有利的运移路径和方向,为沾化凹陷的地质研究提供了重要的科学依据。同时,采用不同的模拟参数进行计算,并研究了参数对计算结果的影响。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.