苯乙烯反应挤出过程模拟及数值计算

在SHL-Ф35型自洁式、同向旋转双螺杆挤出机上进行了以丁基锂为引发剂的阴离子聚合苯乙烯反应挤出实验。采用静态实验法得到物料在螺杆结构中的填充度分布,在此基础上用平板模型对反应挤出过程进行了模拟。对沿螺杆轴向反应转化率,以及反应热、耗散热、机筒导热等热传递现象所致的温升进行了数值计算,计算结果与苯乙烯反应挤出实验结果比较,符合良好。     

四氢呋喃对反应挤出苯乙烯/异戊二烯共聚物微观结构的影响

为研究极性调节剂对反应挤出苯乙烯类共聚物微观结构的影响,以双螺杆挤出机为反应器,有机锂为引发剂,四氢呋喃（THF）为极性调节剂,采用苯乙烯/异戊二烯（S/I）混合单体一次加料反应挤出技术合成了S/I共聚物,1H-NMR、GPC、DMA和TEM的分析结果表明：THF提高了共聚物的3,4-结构异戊二烯含量,使分散相尺寸变得细小且均匀,两相相容性提高;共聚物链段中长嵌段聚苯乙烯含量较少,并与大量分布较均匀的聚苯乙烯短嵌段、聚异戊二烯短嵌段以及无规共聚的苯乙烯单元共同组成完整的分子链。     

二苯甲酮封端制备大分子自由基引发剂及引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合研究

采用阴离子聚合的方法,以二苯甲酮为封端剂,合成了聚丁二烯大分子自由基引发剂;利用核磁共振仪对聚丁二烯大分子引发剂的结构进行了表征,并根据核磁共振氢谱中苯环特征峰面积计算封端效率。结果表明,低温有利于封端反应,30℃下封端效率为38.3%。进一步,利用聚丁二烯大分子引发剂引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）自由基聚合,制备了聚丁二烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物,考察了反应温度和反应时间对PB-PMMA嵌段共聚的影响。结果表明,85℃下反应5h共聚物产率相对较高,分布较窄。     

两亲性三嵌段共聚物的合成及其自组装行为

本研究采用原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）方法实现聚乙烯醇、丙烯酸叔丁酯、苯乙烯的聚合,合成出两亲性三嵌段PEO-PAA-PS共聚物。考察聚合过程中单体配比、引发剂、催化剂、反应温度等因素对两亲性三嵌段共聚物合成的影响,并得出最优的合成路线。探索两亲性三嵌段共聚物的在水中的自组装行为。考察共聚物结构和组成、共聚物浓度、共溶剂等对两亲性三嵌段共聚物自组装行为的影响。     

有机氨钙催化合成乙交酯ε-己内酯AB型嵌段共聚物

以有机配体氨钙为催化剂，采用分段加入聚合单体的方法，先合成具有活性的PCL，然后用PCL作为大分子引发剂，引发了乙交酯和ε-己内酯的开环聚合，形成了一系列乙交酯和ε-己内酯的AB型嵌段共聚物．用核磁、GPC、DSC及黏度法对嵌段共聚物进行了表征，确定了嵌段共聚物的结构．研究了嵌段共聚物的热力学性能和结晶性．     

基团转移聚合新引发剂：苄硫基三甲基硅烷

报道一种基团转移聚合新引发剂－苄硫基三甲基硅烷，并对其制备方法进行改进，实现了一步合成且得率较高。新引发剂贮存稳定性好且有较高的引发活性，能引发丙烯腈暴聚，以也使丙烯酸酯类单体在高得率下快速聚合，但引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合速度较慢。率也较低，还用新引发剂合成了二元嵌段共聚物及Ａ－Ｂ－Ｃ型三元嵌段共聚物。探讨了新发剂引发各类单体基团转移聚合的机理。并将新引发剂与最常用基团转移聚合引发剂进行活性比较。     

PEO-PPO可聚合型大分子乳化剂的合成及应用

甲醇为起始剂,与萘钾反应转化为醇钾,以醇钾为引发剂依次引发环氧乙烷(EO)、环氧丙烷(PO)阴离子开环聚合,合成环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷(PEO-PPO)两嵌段共聚物,然后用甲基丙烯酰氯(MAC)为封端剂对该嵌段共聚物进行封端,得到可聚合型大分子乳化剂(PEO-PPO-MA),其中聚环氧乙烷部分为亲水链段,聚环氧丙烷部分为疏水链段。采用GPC1、H-NMR对PEO-PPO-MA的结构进行了表征,并用表面张力法测定了PEO-PPO-MA的临界胶束浓度(CMC)值。以合成的可聚合型大分子聚合物作为乳化剂直接进行苯乙烯的乳液聚合,研究了加料方式对乳液聚合的影响。结果表明,聚合所得乳液粒径均匀,且在加入乙醇、MgSO4及冻融条件下均具有很好的稳定性。     

苯乙烯-丁二烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯三嵌段共聚物的阴离子聚合及其表征

以正丁基锂为引发剂,1,1-二苯基乙烯为戴帽剂,2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基锂为络合剂,在环己烷、四氢呋喃混合溶剂中,采用阴离子聚合法,于-70 ℃～-40 ℃合成了非极性-极性的三嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-聚丁二烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(S-B-MMA),并借用GPC、1H-NMR、DSC、TEM、IR等仪器对共聚物进行了表征.结果表明,所得产物具备较窄的分子量分布(及微观相分离结构.     

原子转移自由基聚合制备嵌段共聚物的研究进展

对原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法嵌段共聚物的合成进行了全面的综述。ATRP法嵌段共聚物的合成可分为三种方法:将ATRP得到的聚合物分离后作为大分子引发剂,引发第二单体的ATRP;端官能团聚合物末端化学改性后引入ATRP引发剂官能团,而后作为大分子引发剂引发第二单体的ATRP;其它活性聚合方法得到的活性聚合物链用带有官能团的化合物封端后作为大分子引发剂引发第二单体的ATRP。     

嵌段共聚物聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯的合成和表征

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为引发剂在辛酸亚锡催化下引发己酸内酯开环聚合,制备PCL(聚己内酯)-PEG-PCL两亲三嵌段共聚物(PECL).采用红外光谱、体积排阻色谱及核磁共振对该共聚物进行表征,结果表明所合成共聚物具有预期结构.采用差热分析和原子力显微镜研究聚合物的微相分离结构;利用动态光散射测定了共聚物在水中自组装生成的纳米聚集体的粒径.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.