潜江凹陷蚌湖地区潜江组超压成因机理

蚌湖向斜带位于潜江凹陷中部,其潜江组普遍发育超压系统.综合超压成因机理的各种分析方法,基于测井曲线特征和烃源岩成熟度特征,从压实不均衡和生烃作用两方面对蚌湖地区的超压成因机理进行了系统分析.研究结果表明,1在超压段泥岩声波时差曲线偏离正常压实线,其拐点深度为2150~3180 m,蚌湖地区储层实测超压顶界面深度约为2200 m,在埋深较浅地区,超压成因以不均衡压实作用为主,在埋深较大地区,超压成因为不均衡压实和生烃共同作用;2超压顶界面埋深与生烃门限表现出较好的一致性,在2200 m深度其镜质体反射率Ro值为0.55%,说明生烃作用对蚌湖地区超压的发育亦具有一定的贡献,由此认为,压实不均衡和生烃增压作用是蚌湖地区超压发育的主要机理.     

饶阳凹陷洼槽区地层压力特征及成因机制

根据地层压力实测数据和地层压力模拟计算,对饶阳凹陷洼槽区的地层压力分布特征及其成因机制进行研究。结果表明:饶阳凹陷洼槽区古近系普遍发育超压;纵向上,存在东营组、沙一段和沙三段三套超压层系;可划分为单超压结构和双超压结构,其中双超压结构可细分为上强下弱、上弱下强和上下均势3种类型;平面上,超压中心与洼槽沉积中心相吻合,河间和留西洼槽超压幅度最大;从沙三段到沙一段,南部洼槽区超压规模明显减小,北部洼槽区超压规模略增,超压中心具有从南到北的迁移性;东营组超压成因机制主要为欠压实作用,沙一段和沙三段的超压成因机制为生烃作用与欠压实作用的混合增压机制;由于欠压实与生烃两者对超压的贡献比例差异,造就了研究区多种超压结构并存的现状,并影响了油气的空间分布。     

准噶尔盆地车排子周缘地层超压特征及其与油气成藏的关系

以钻井、测井相关资料为基础,分析车排子周缘的超压分布特征及形成机制,研究超压对油气藏形成的影响,结合油气藏空间分布特征,探讨研究区超压分布与油气成藏的关系。研究结果表明:在纵向上,发育古近系安集海河组与侏罗系八道湾组—三工河组上下2套超压层,其主要形成机制分别为泥岩欠压实和有机质生烃;在平面上,超压主要分布在研究区南部,向北压力逐渐减小。超压对抑制成岩作用、减缓压实作用、产生微裂缝以提高储层储集性能、增强对油气的封盖能力以及促进油气的初次运移具有重要控制作用。超压与油气藏分布具有3种空间配置模式,即油气藏分布于超压层之上、油气藏分布于超压层内部以及油气藏分布于超压层之下。     

南海北部超深水区兴宁凹陷古近纪沉积充填特征

探讨南海北部兴宁凹陷古近纪沉积充填特征,为超深水油气勘探提供基础地质依据。结合邻区研究成果,通过系统的地震层序地层学和地震相等综合分析,表明兴宁凹陷古近系文昌组、恩平组和珠海组之间均为不整合接触;古近系共识别出12个Ⅲ级层序。文昌组、恩平组为陆相湖盆沉积,具有缓坡带三角洲发育、缓坡浅水区滨浅湖发育、陡坡带扇三角洲发育及凹陷中心部位半深湖-深湖发育的特点;珠海组则为浅海三角洲沉积。总体的海侵沉积过程形成了恩平组湖相泥岩烃源岩与文昌组和珠海组砂岩储层的时空组合,指示研究区具有一定的油气勘探潜力。     

渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷压力演化与超压形成机制

通过实测压力、泥岩声波时差、流体包裹体古压力恢复及盆地模拟,对东濮凹陷北部地区地层压力的演化和现今压力特征进行分析,结合岩心观察解析超压的形成机制,探讨不同机制对超压的贡献率。结果表明:剩余压力的演化经历"超压原始积累-超压释放-超压重新形成"3个阶段,两次超压的形成时期与油气成藏的时期相对应;古今超压的空间展布均受构造格局、断裂活动和膏盐岩分布的控制,洼陷带以及盐下、盐间地层的剩余压力较大;超压的形成主要为欠压实作用、生烃作用及膏盐岩作用的结果,生烃作用对超压的贡献率与烃源岩的热演化相关。     

海上一体化地震勘探技术在珠江口盆地东部恩平凹陷油气勘探中的应用

利用地震资料采集、处理、解释、Ⅱ级构造带评价及含油性预测等海上一体化地震勘探技术,探索珠江口盆地东部恩平凹陷油气勘探有利构造区带.结果揭示恩平凹陷存在6个Ⅱ级构造带,其中“EP17洼南部隆起翘倾断裂构造带”为恩平凹陷油气勘探最好的Ⅱ级构造带,具较大的油气勘探潜力.经钻探,在上述Ⅱ级构造带获得了油气勘探重大突破,先后发现、落实和升级油田5个,建立了珠江口盆地东部第一个自营油田群.“EP 17洼南部隆起翘倾断裂构造带”油气勘探获得重大突破,揭示恩平凹陷的EP17洼为富生烃洼陷,预示同为EP17洼合油气子系统的“EP17洼西部古隆起翘倾断裂构造带”具较大的油气勘探潜力,应为下一个油气勘探的最有利地区.     

东营凹陷古近系储层超压成因及其成藏意义

利用实测地层压力资料,系统研究了东营凹陷古近系碎屑岩储层超压成因及其与油气成藏的关系,并总结了超压油气藏的分布模式。超压传递（包括超压接触传递和超压连通传递）、欠压实、原油裂解是东营凹陷古近系碎屑岩储层超压的主要成因机制。超压接触传递能够使与烃源岩接触的储层形成强超压高产油气藏,该类油气藏主要分布在北部陡坡带、中央隆起带周缘以及洼陷中央的沙三、沙四段和孔店组;超压连通传递使深层超压流体进入浅层,形成中超压高产油气藏,该类油气藏集中分布在中央隆起带的沙一、沙二段和南部缓坡带的沙三、沙四段;欠压实发生在沙四段、孔店组的膏盐岩层段,不利于油气成藏;原油裂解发生在埋深超过4000m的地层,与油气成藏没有必然的联系。     

复合超压生烃系统内不同成因油气的运移流向分析

牛庄洼陷2套生油岩纵向上叠置,有机地球化学特征、成烃期次及油气运聚过程都存在差异,并伴有异常流体压力,这就构成了复合型超压生烃系统.基于油-源对比和同源油气藏空间分布规律,对叠合型超压生烃系统油气运移流向的差异性进行了分析.研究表明,在断层活动的诱发下,超压驱动"沙三下源型"油主要发生纵向运移;但在超压带盖下"沙四上源型"油主要发生侧向运移,而纵向运移在超压系统发育区相对不活跃.超压系统的自组织行为对油气运移流向具有重要的控制作用,导致"沙三下源型"和"沙四上源型"油气运移及分布规律差异较大.通过复合型超压生烃系统内不同成因的油气运移流向分析,可以进一步认识研究区油气运移和富集规律,进而"分源"挖掘油气勘探潜力.     

东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖构造带超压系统与油气成藏

应用流体包裹体分析、盆地模拟和有机地球化学等手段,研究东海西湖凹陷平湖构造带超压系统与油气成藏的相互关系。研究结果表明:平湖构造带油气主要来源于平湖组煤系源岩,而且油气主成藏期为晚期,与生烃增压的形成期大致相同,另外油气藏多分布在超压顶界面附近,这些均指示超压与油气成藏存在密切关系;镜质体反射率、地温梯度及包裹体均一温度反映的热异常,储层物性、非均一捕获的包裹体、"气烟囱"反映的流体压力异常、凝析油轻烃组分反映的组分异常证实研究区流体在超压主导下晚期高效率快速流体;高压流体的泄压排放诱发断裂开启,并为流体运移提供动力,从而控制油气在超压界面附近高效成藏。     

沾化凹陷渤南洼陷古近系压力特征及成因机制

根据实测压力、泥岩声波时差等资料,对沾化凹陷渤南洼陷地层压力的分布特征、演化规律及其超压形成机制进行分析。结果表明:渤南洼陷实测地层压力随深度的变化呈现明显的"二台阶"式,第一台阶对应着2.35 km,该台阶之上表现为常压,之下开始出现低幅度超压;第二台阶对应地层埋深为3.0 km,该台阶之下超压明显,压力系数可达1.8,其中沙三中下、沙四上亚段是异常高压发育的主要层系;欠压实和生烃作用是渤南洼陷异常压力形成的主要原因,且超压机制存在区域差异,中部断阶带和南部缓坡带表现出明显的欠压实现象,其深度范围与超压的第一台阶相对应;深洼带超压泥岩的密度则随埋深的增加而增大,与成熟生烃范围匹配较好,生烃作用是该区的主要增压因素,且深度与第二台阶相对应;研究区欠压实与生烃导致沙三段压力的增加幅度不同,两因素具有各自的增压量化模型,导致地层压力出现了"二台阶"的特征。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.