致密油藏动态渗吸实验及主控因素

渗吸作用对于致密油藏的注水开发有着重要作用,目前国内外学者在动态渗吸方面开展大量的室内研究,但由于实验模型设计过于理想,不能真实而全面的反映注水驱替过程中储层特征、裂缝及注水参数对动态渗吸的影响规律。针对以上问题,设计制作了二维平板双重介质模型,定量评价了基质渗透率、储层非均质性、层内天然裂缝、人工裂缝、层间非均质性、隔层发育程度及注水速度对渗吸贡献的大小,明确了影响渗吸贡献的主控因素。结果表明,层内天然裂缝和注水速度是影响基质渗吸贡献的主要因素,基质渗透率和人工裂缝影响次之,隔夹层发育程度影响最小,同时建立了一种适用于双重介质储层的基质-裂缝采出程度贡献估算方法,实现了定量计算并区分基质与裂缝对采收率的贡献率。     

多组分物系传质过程扩散系数及其计算

扩散系数是传质过程的一个重要参数。描述多组分物系传质过程的基本方程是Maxwell-Stefan(MS）方程，其定义的扩散系数表征物系中组分间的分子间相互作用力。传统上应用的Fick扩散系数，包括了分子间相互作用和热力学非理想性两种因素的影响，要准确计算比较困难。文中讨论多组分物系扩散传质过程MS扩散系数、Fick扩散系数的意义，以及两者的关系和计算方法。     

干湿交替作用下氯离子在开裂混凝土中的输运规律

为了获得干湿交替作用下氯离子在开裂混凝土内的侵蚀规律,采用双重孔隙介质模型,考虑氯离子在混凝土孔隙内的线性结合,将水分和氯离子在混凝土和裂缝内的迁移分别表示为扩散形式和对流-扩散形式,得出不同饱和度下的水分扩散方程和氯离子对流-扩散方程,以及Rayleigh-Ritz分布下相应的水分扩散系数随孔隙饱和度的变化规律,并采用有限单元法计算干湿交替作用下的水分和氯离子在一规则开裂混凝土内的迁移过程,得出的干燥与湿润过程中的氯离子侵蚀结果与试验结果较吻合.模拟结果表明:在干湿交替作用下,裂缝深度对超出裂缝部分的氯离子影响较大,而裂缝宽度、循环周期、初始饱和度对混凝土和裂缝中的氯离子浓度影响较小.     

数值弥散和物理弥散对CO_2混相驱替效率的影响

为了明确CO2多次接触混相驱数值模拟过程中数值弥散与物理弥散对驱替效率的影响及其影响机理,建立了二维的平面多组分数值模型,并结合对流-扩散差分方程的数值弥散相关理论对计算结果进行分析。结果表明,数值弥散与物理弥散对CO2混相驱驱替效率的影响具有相似性,二者均能降低微观驱油效率、增加体积波及效率,但二者对驱替效率的影响机理不同。数值弥散使驱替前缘"模糊化",增大体积波及效率,同时降低CO2与原油的混相性,增大残余油饱和度;在小规模非均质地层中,对流弥散效应会扩大油气两相区,造成驱替前缘参差不齐,增大体积波及效率,同时两相区扩大也会降低CO2与原油混相性,降低微观驱油效率。     

青西油田窿六区块裂缝型储层流体性质判别

青西油田窿六区块下沟组裂缝型储层非均质性强、边底水突进严重,常规流体性质判别方法效果差.研究区储层基质物性差,电阻率较高;裂缝倾角以高角度为主,造成双侧向主要呈正差异.在此基础上建立储层分类标准,计算裂缝孔隙度,最终提出2种新的裂缝型储层流体性质判别方法:储层级别-深侧向电阻率交会法和裂缝孔隙度-深侧向电阻率交会法.这2种方法同时考虑了裂缝和流体性质对双侧向电阻率的影响,用来判别基质电阻率相对固定且裂缝倾角单一的裂缝型储层流体性质具有较好效果,研究区实际判别符合率均大于90%.     

煤层中双重孔隙介质渗流理论的应用

 具有裂缝和孔隙两种类型孔隙的多孔介质称为双重孔隙介质.该类介质中裂缝主要作为流体的流动通道,孔隙主要作为流体的储集空间,裂缝和基质的渗透率差异较大.根据双重孔隙介质的概念,煤层具有大量微孔以及连接微孔的节理和裂隙,且孔隙的渗透率一般远小于裂隙的渗透率,因此,多数煤层可以看作双重孔隙介质.     

页岩气藏运移机制及数值模拟

基于双重连续介质,采用尘气模型(DGM)建立基岩和裂缝运动方程,基岩中考虑气体在基岩孔隙中黏性流、Knudsen扩散、分子扩散以及气体在基岩孔隙表面的吸附解吸,吸附采用Langmuir等温吸附方程;裂缝中考虑黏性流、Knudesen扩散和分子扩散机制,在此基础上建立基岩-裂缝双重介质数值模型并采用有限元方法对模型进行求解.根据数值模拟结果对影响页岩气藏产能的因素进行分析.结果表明:页岩气产出气是游离气和吸附气解吸共同采出的结果,在给定的页岩气藏条件下,游离气影响更大,吸附对页岩气产能有较大影响,忽略吸附会导致预测产能偏低;Knudsen扩散(或Klinkenberg效应)对基岩视渗透率影响较大,越靠近生产井,Knudsen扩散和Klinkenberg效应的影响越大,基岩视渗透率随生产时间延长变大;裂缝渗透率越大,页岩气产量越大,基岩渗透率对页岩气产能影响不大.     

三维页岩储层多重压力流固耦合模型研究

研究裂缝页岩储层在生产过程中的流固耦合力学过程是准确认识气藏生产动态的关键科学问题.针对页岩储渗机制复杂的难题,本文建立有机质-基质孔-天然裂缝和离散人工裂缝的多尺度流动介质与多重压力系统;考虑吸附气的非平衡解吸附和表面扩散,自由气的黏性流和Knudsen扩散,以及基质孔、天然裂缝和人工裂缝压力系统对页岩变形的影响,建立了页岩双重有效应力流固耦合数学模型,分析了压裂井生产过程中岩石变形对气体流动的影响规律.研究发现:天然裂缝压力系统是引起页岩气生产过程中应力敏感性的主要因素;固体变形对基质孔渗透率的影响小于Knudsen扩散,基质孔的表观渗透率并不会发生应力敏感;随着天然裂缝密度的增大,天然裂缝压力系统的有效应力系数迅速增大,页岩气产量应力敏感效应增强.     

基于介观分析的HT-PEM燃料电池阴极扩散层传质研究

目的研究高温质子交换膜燃料电池阴极扩散层中传质过程,解决扩散环境因素降低传质扩散效率的问题.方法基于Martini力场原理建立介观力学数学模型,采用Materals Studio软件中Mesocite模块构建气体与扩散层的粗粒化几何模型,通过介观动力学方法分析温度、扩散层孔隙曲折度、孔隙率和气体组分等因素对阴极扩散层中传质过程的影响,并根据均方位移研究不同因素对扩散系数的影响.结果随着温度升高,气体各组分在扩散层中的扩散系数增大;碳纳米管长度变大,氧气分子扩散系数下降,而水分子扩散系数上升;水分子质量分数增大,氧气分子的扩散系数下降,而水分子的扩散系数上升.结论在一定范围内增大扩散层的孔隙率以及降低反应时水分子的质量浓度会有利于反应气体的扩散,提高反应效率.     

分子扩散对枯竭油藏型地下储气库动态的影响

针对枯竭裂缝性油藏型储气库渗流特性非常复杂,许多矿场在应用和理论研究中往往忽略气体分子扩散对枯竭裂缝性油藏型地下储气库动态的影响。引入了Fick第一定律,对多孔介质中的扩散系数进行了修正,计算了气体扩散流量;并将气体分子扩散流量代到WarrenRoot双孔模型中,建立了考虑气体分子扩散的枯竭裂缝性油藏型地下储气库的数学模型,应用该模型进行了实例计算。算例分析表明：储气库运行18年后,考虑分子扩散比不考虑分子扩散自由气量多损失6％,累积产油量增加1.35倍;证明了气体分子扩散是储气库气体损失的一个重要原因,同时也是注气提高原油采收率的重要机理。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.